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BELL’S ILLUSTRATED CLASSICAL SERIES

EDITED BY E. C. MARCHANT, M.A.

Late Classical Master at St. Paul's School

EURIPIDES: HECUBA

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THE

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EDITED

WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES

BY THE

REV. A. W. UPCOTT, M.A.

HEADMASTER OF ST. EDMUND'S SCHOOL, CANTERBURY

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6+ Γ mY ΤΥ Υ τ γα
WiTH AsaKu ἃ JVELISHERS

LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS
YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN

IQOl

OXFORD: HORACE HART
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY.

PREPACE

Some apology seems needed for producing another
edition of this well-known play. I may say, there-
fore, that in preparing this edition I have had solely
in view the requirements of those who are reading
a Greek play for the first time. Consequently the
notes are generally of a most elementary kind, and
I have not scrupled to repeat the same note several
times, with the view of impressing a point upon
the learner’s memory ; I have avoided as far as
possible any textual criticism or quotation of
parallel passages in Greek or Latin, on the assump-
tion that these are of little value for beginners ;
the Choruses have been translated in full, some
attempt being made to give an idea of their
rhythmic character. An Appendix has been added
on some subjects which always cause difficulty to
beginners.

All the elementary editions that I have seen,
seem to me to contain a good deal of matter which

vi PREFACE

is useful enough to advanced students, but un-
necessary and often bewildering for beginners.

I am much indebted to the general Editor of
the series, Mr. E. C. Marchant, for many valuable
suggestions and criticisms in the preparation of
the notes.

If it is thought advisable to read only part of
the play, omitting the more difficult lyrical pas-
sages, the following selections may be suggested :—

(1) The Prologue, ll. 1-58. (2) The sacrifice of
Polyxena, ll. 218-440, and ll. 484-628. (3) The
discovery of the murder of Polydorus, and the
supplication of Agamemnon, 11. 658-682, and
ll. 7og-g04. (4) The vengeance upon Polymestor,
ll. 953-1055 (omitting the short choric song,
ll. 1024-1034). (5) The appeal to Agamemnon
and his judgment, Il. rrog—1251.

The above is, in the main, the selection in
Mr. Sidgwick’s Scenes from Euripides.

A. W. UPCOTT.

CONTENTS

PAGE

GENERAL InTRoDucTION (By E. C. Marcuant, M.A.)—
I. Chorus and Dialogue . Ξ : : I
II. Greek Drama and Religion. : : I
III. Time of Performances . , : : 2
IV. Place of Performances. 2
VY. Manner of Performances 7
Euripides 8

Tue ‘ Hecusa’—

The Play . : ; : ne
The Plot : ; : z : ~~ Ὁ
Structure of the Play . Ε ; — ig
The Characters of the Play Ξ Ἔν"
The Chorus . : : : : : es
DRAMATIS PERSONAE : : Ξ Ε Ε : io ae
TEXT : : a - . - - ἢ . ΕΣ ΤΆ
Norrs . : : : Ξ - - : ‘ -- 9460
APPENDIX t : : : : : Ξ : . 133
GRAMMATICAL INDEX. - - : ε ‘ . 1359

VocABULARY

ae

oe, OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
Eurrpipes. (From a statue in the Vatican, Rome)
Frontispiece
THE THEATRE ΟΕ Dionysus at ATHENS. (From a
photograph) . Ε - - - - Β - 3
THe SEats IN THE AUDITORIUM OF THE THEATRE OF
Dionysus AT ATHENS. : Β Ε Ξ Ξ 4
A Tragic Actor. (From an ivory statuette found at
Rieti) . 3 . 5 > - . . - 5
Tracic Masks Ξ : ς 5 -
Coruvurni. (From an ivory statuette found at Rieti) .
GREEK SHIPS DRAWN UP ON THE SEA-SHORE. (From
a relief found at Gjélbaschi, Lycia) . : ey 55
A Tent. (From a vase-painting and an Assyrian
bas-relief) : - - - : : <. "ag
HERMES PRESENTING A SouL TO HADES AND PERSEPHONE.
(From a vase-painting). : - : - ΤῊΣ ἐνὶ,
ODYSSEUS COMES TO TAKE AWAY Potyxena. (From the
Tabula Iliaca) : , : - ἢ . ᾿Ξ:

A Priest Sacriricinc. (From vase-paintings) . i 7ae

Χ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Women at Work. (From a vase-painting) . 5 -
Deatu or AcHILLEs. (From a bas-relief) . : .

ARTEMIS WITH CHAPLET AND Bow. (From the statue
in the Louvre) : : P 5 . ; .

RECEIVING THE SacrED VESTMENT OF PaLLas. (From
the frieze of the Parthenon, in the British Museum)

Tue SacrIFICE oF PoLyXENA AT THE TomMB OF ACHILLES.
(From the Tabula Iliaca and vase-paintings)

Tue JupGMENT or Paris. (From vase-paintings)
An Artist aT Work. (From Pompeian wall-paintings)
Lapy witH A Mirror. (From a vase-painting) .

PARIS CARRYING AWAY HELEN. (From a relief in the
British Museum)

A Kine witH Two Sceprres, IN PHRYGIAN OR THRACIAN
Dress. (From a vase-painting from Canosa)

SPEARMAN IN EasTeERN Dress. (From vase-paintings)

Tue ΝΎΜΡΗ Ecuo. (From a bas-relief on a lamp
found in Athens) . ; : : Ξ ‘ ‘
Greek Broocues. (In the British Museum) 3

Greek Suip. (From vase-paintings in the British

Museum : ; : : : Ἴ 3 -

Bronze Mirror. (In the British Museum). Ε

M

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

By E. C. MARCHANT, M.A.

I. CHoRUS AND DIALOGUE.

Every Greek tragedy consists of two portions—the
one sung, the other spoken. The sung portion, or
chorus, was performed by twelve or fifteen persons
accompanied by a flute, as they danced around the altar
of Dionysus. The spoken portion, or dialogue, was
given by the actors, each actor taking more than one
part. Most of the plays of Aeschylus were performed
with but two actors; Sophocles introduced a third, and
this number was never exceeded. But in addition to the
actors any number of characters, who had nothing to
say, could be employed; and children, even if they spoke,
did not count in the number. The leader of the chorus
(κορυφαῖος) enters into dialogue with the actors, and
thus forms the connecting link between the chorus and
the actors.

1. GREEK DRAMA AND RELIGION.

You will find that the choruses occupy a considerable
portion of a play. The reason is that the origin of Greek
EUR. HECUBA B

2 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

tragedy is to be found, not in the dialogue, but in the
chorus. The drama was closely connected with religion,
and had its origin in rude songs sung by rustic folk,
who gathered together to honour the god Dionysus, god
of vegetation and of wine. Dialogue was first inter-
spersed with the chorus soon after 550 B.c. From this
time the amount assigned to the chorus was gradually
diminished, and the dialogue gradually assumed greater
importance.

11. TIME OF PERFORMANCES.

The Greek theatre throughout its history was bound up
with the Greek religion. The chief seat in the front row
of the ‘house’ was reserved for the priest of Dionysus.
The altar of Dionysus stood in the centre of the theatre.
The spectators were worshippers; the performers were
officiating on their behalf in a theatre that was regarded
as a temple. Accordingly plays were performed at
Athens only at the feasts of Dionysus, called the Dionysia,
tragedies being given (1) at the Lénaea, the more ancient
but less important festival of Dionysus held about the end
of January; and (2) at the Greater or City Dionysia,
held about the end of March.

The performances at the latter festival were by far the
more important, and extended over three days. One
morning was assigned to the performance of three
tragedies. All poets who wished to exhibit a play had
to submit their works to the chief archon, and he
decided who were to enjoy the coveted honour,

IV. PLACE OF PERFORMANCES.

1. Before dialogue was introduced, all that was
required for the honouring of Dionysus was an open

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION

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4 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

cireular space in which the performers could sing and
dance about the altar, and round which the spectators
could gather. This open space—the germ as it were of the
Greek theatre—is the Orchestra (i. e. Dancing-Place). But
after 550 B.c., when the dialogue was added, and there
were thus plays instead of mere choral odes, the spectators
had to make way for the acting. Accordingly the

Tue Srats in THE AUDITORIUM OF THE THEATRE OF DIONYSUS
AT ATHENS.

Orchestra and a space outside it were left vacant, and
the spectators sat in—

2. the Auditorium (κοῖλον). This was in the shape of a
semicircle with prolonged ends. At first the seats were
but temporary wooden platforms; but at Athens tiers
of stone seats, rising one above the other, were begun
shortly after 500 B.c. The auditorium was by far the
largest part of the theatre, and was capable of holding
the whole of the citizens—at Athens about 25,000.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION 5

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(From an ivory statuette found at Rieti.)

6 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

A theatre generally stood on the slope of a hill, and
the auditorium, like the orchestra, was without roof. At
Athens the theatre stands on the south-east slope of
the Acropolis, in the Lénaeum, or sacred enclosure of
Dionysus.

3. The Stage, of course, did not exist so long as there
was no dialogue. Nor isit certain when a stage was first
used. Possibly in the days of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and

Tracic Masks. -

Euripides the acting took place in part of the orchestra.
But at whatever date a raised platform was introduced,
it was not allowed to encroach on the orchestra, but
formed a tangent toit. The Greek stage was very long
and narrow, and was ten or twelve feet high. It com-
municated with the orchestra—in which the chorus
continued to perform—by means of steps. The actors
entered through doors at the back of the stage or at
the sides.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION 7

4. Scenery. Painted scenery is said to have been
introduced by Sophocles. No doubt much was left to
the imagination of the audience; and as the scenes sup-
posed to be represented were of a simple and familiar
kind — generally the exterior of a temple or palace
adorned with columns and statues—the difficulty in-
volved was not great.

V. MANNER OF PERFORMANCES.

(1) Dress of performers. The actors wore the long
χιτών or tunic worn by citizens at festivals, of a colour
appropriate to the character. Over this was a mantle
(ἱμάτιον), or cloak (χλαμύς). The size of the actor was
increased by padding, by raising him on the κόθορνοι---
boots with wooden soles of great thickness—and by
means of a mask that covered the entire head, the hair
being so arranged as to increase the height. It was the
vast size of the theatre that made these devices neces-
sary. The chorus was similarly dressed, but in a less
magnificent style, and in place of the high boots they
wore shoes. Of course in every case ornaments appro-
priate to the character were added.

The spectators assembled at daybreak, and brought
refreshments with them. The order in which the plays
were produced was decided by lot. Loud demonstrations
of approval or condemnation were common during the
performance. Encores were allowed, and if anything
was specially disliked, things were sometimes thrown
at the actors. The poets producing plays were in
competition with one another: at the end of the per-
formances duly appointed judges awarded a crown of
ivy to the successful poet, and to that citizen who had

8 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

trained and paid for his chorus (the χορηγός). To gain
the crown was esteemed a great distinction. The poet
celebrated his success with a solemn sacrifice and a grand
banquet.

CoruurnI. (From an ivory statuette found at Rieti.)

EURIPIDES.

Euripides was born in 480 8. Ο. (2) in the island of
Salamis. Asa youth he was devoted to athletics, painting,
and philosophy. His first play was exhibited in 455 B.C.,
when he was twenty-five years old. From this date
he wrote nearly a hundred plays; but he only gained
the prize five times, and on several occasions was beaten
by Sophocles. After his death, however, he became the
favourite poet, and his plays were frequently revived.
The latter part of his life was spent at the court of
Archelaus, King of Macedonia; and there he died in
406 B.c. He was buried at Pella, where the Macedonians
gave him a splendid tomb; anda monument was erected
to his memory at Athens.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION 9

His chief characteristics as a writer are: (1) his love
of reflection and philosophy; (2) a tendency to make the
characters argue with one another in what is called
a rhetorical style; (3) a great skill in presenting striking
scenes, his separate scenes being often superior to his
play as a whole; (4) the great beauty of his choral odes,
which frequently have scarcely any connexion with the
plot of the play and merely serve as interludes. His
plays open and end in a mechanical, artificial manner ;
a prologue sets forth the situation, and leaves the
audience nothing to discover; and when the plot has
led to serious complications, we should often wonder
how the poet will find a satisfactory way out, did we not
know that Euripides will merely bring in a god or god-
dess—-the deus ex machina, as the character is called—to
cut the knot.

In style Euripides is much simpler than Aeschylus
and Sophocles. His language is that of everyday hfe——
_ natural and graceful, but none the less affecting. And
there is a corresponding simplicity about his characters.
The Greek poets almost invariably represented on the
stage tales drawn from the rich mythology of Greece,
and their characters were consequently the old heroes
and the gods. The peculiarity of Euripides is that he
represents the old heroes as ordinary men and women of
his own day—as people one might meet in the street,
not as remote, superhuman, ideal beings.

THE Fret tie

The Play.

THE date of the play is not known with absolute
certainty ; but three of the lines in it (ll. 172-174) are
parodied in the Clouds of Aristophanes (ll. 1165, 1166),

a play which came out in the year B.c. 423; and it has -

been thought’ that there is an allusion in 1. 650 to the
misfortunes of the Spartans at Pylos, B.c. 425, while others
have found an allusion (in 1. 462) to the solemn purifica-
tion of Delos by the Athenians, in the year 426. Thus
the year 425 or 424 may be taken as the probable date.

The Plot.

The Grecian army, having captured Troy and divided
the spoils, is on its homeward voyage, but is detained
by contrary winds on the shore of the Thracian Cher-
sonese. The ghost of Achilles, the bravest Grecian
warrior, who had been buried at Sigeum, appears above
his tomb, and warns the Greeks that his shade must be
appeased, ere they depart, by the sacrifice of one of the
Trojan captive women. A dispute arises in the council
of the Greeks, and it is finally decided, contrary to the

1 By Miiller (Hist. Grk. Lit., p. 369).

THE PLOT II

wishes of Agamemnon, that Polyxena, the beautiful
daughter of Hecuba, must be the victim. At this point
the play opens. The ghost of Polydorus, one of the sons
of Priam and Hecuba, appears and narrates how he has
been murdered by his father’s friend, Polymestor, to
whose care he had been entrusted during the siege of
Troy, together with a vast amount of golden treasure ;
his body has been flung into the sea, to be tossed by the
waves upon the shore; his spirit has been haunting his
mother, Hecuba, ever since the murder. Hecuba then
comes upon the scene, terrified by evil dreams and visions.
The Chorus tell her of the sentence passed upon Polyxena,
and advise her to appeal to Agamemnon. Startled by
her mother’s cries of anguish, Polyxena comes upon the
stage; she shares her mother’s grief, but will not fear
to die. Now Odysseus comes to claim the victim. He-
cuba pleads with him for the life of her daughter,
reminding him of how she herself once saved his life
at Troy ; Helen would be the more fitting victim. But
Odysseus has given his word, and cannot go back from
it; besides, it is of the utmost importance that the
departed hero should be honoured as he-wished; who,
he urges, would be ready to die for his country if he
knew that he would not be honoured in his death ?
Polyxena then voluntarily surrenders herself, bravely
declaring that death is better than a life of slavery, and
she is led away to die. Thus ends the first scene.

In the second scene, Talthybius the herald arrives to
tell Hecuba that her daughter is dead, and that she
must come to perform the last rites. He tells the story
of the sacrifice; Polyxena died so nobly that all the
Greeks were moved to do her honour after her death.
Hecuba muses on the power of noble birth, and prepares
for the last sad rites by sending an aged female attendant

I2 INTRODUCTION

to fetch lustral water from the sea, while she retires
to the tents to find the best funeral garments that she
can.

In the third scene the plot thickens. The attendant
has found the body of Polydorus washed up by the sea,
and returns bearing it in her arms’. She tells the sad
tidings to Hecuba, who at once perceives that he has
been murdered by Polymestor for the sake of the gold.
Agamemnon enters, to chide Hecuba for her delay, and
is told the story of the murder by the frantic mother,
who appeals to him to aid her in taking a terrible
vengeance. At first he hesitates, because the Thracians
were allies of the Greeks, and the army would declare
that he was influenced by partiality for Cassandra, the
sister of Polyxena; at length, however, he consents so
far as to allow a messenger to be sent to Polymestor
summoning him to the camp, on the plea that Hecuba
has a secret to reveal to him and his children.

In the fourth scene, Polymestor arrives with his chil-
dren ; he is induced to send away his armed attendants,
and is lured by Hecuba within the tents of the women,
under pretence of showing him where buried treasure
can be found.

In the short interval between this and the final scene,
Polymestor is seized and overpowered by the Trojan
women; his children are murdered before his eyes, and
then his eyes are put out by the women with their brooch-
pins. His shrieks are heard from within.

In the final scene, Hecuba and her attendant women
come upon the stage, pursued by the maddened and
mutilated king, who wildly demands vengeance. Hear-
ing his cries, Agamemnon re-enters, and is appealed to
by both parties. He gives judgment in favour of

* Polydorus is represented as quite young.

STRUCTURE OF THE PLAY 13

Hecuba, and the play closes with an unseemly wrangle
between Hecuba and Polymestor, the latter prophesying
that Heeuba will be changed into a canine form, and
will die by a fall from a mast, while Agamemnon will
perish by the hand of his wife Clytemnestra.

Structure of the Play.

I. Prologue, ll. 1-99:(that part of a play which precedes
the entrance of the Chorus), consisting of (1) the pro-
logue proper, ll. 1-58; (2) a lyrical extension of the
prologue, 1]. 59-99.

Il. The Parodos, 11. 100-155. The song of the Chorus
as they march into the Orchestra and take their place
round the altar.

III. The First Episode (or scene), 1]. 156-443.

IV. The First Stasimon, 1]. 444-483. The stasimon is an
ode sung by the Chorus from their station.

V. The Second Episode, 11. 484-628.

VI. The Second Stasimon, 11. 629-657.

VII. The Third Episode, 11. 658-904.

VIL. The Third Stasimon, 11. 905-952.

IX. The Exodos, 1]. 953-end (interrupted by a lyric
interlude, 1]. 1024-1034).

The play is remarkable as containing a double plot, i.e.
(1) the fate of Polyxena; (2) the murder of Polydorus
and the vengeance upon Polymestor. Both plots are
alluded to in the prologue spoken by Polydorus; then
the first part of the play, down to line 657, is taken up
with the first plot, the death of Polyxena; the sending
to fetch the lustral water causes the body of Polydorus
to be discovered, and furnishes the link between the
two ; the last part of the play, from 1. 658, recounts the

T4 INTRODUCTION

vengeance upon Polymestor. It has been objected that
these two plots are two distinct incidents, each wholly
unconnected with the other; but this criticism overlooks
the fact that the sorrows of Hecuba form the central
thought of the play; regarded in this light, the two
incidents are by no means unconnected; they both
converge upon Hecuba, and serve to deepen the tragic
pathos of her fate (see further remarks upon the character
of Hecuba).

The Characters of the Play.

There are few plays in which the characters stand out
with such vivid distinctness as in the Hecuba.

Hecuba. The central figure is not, as some have seemed
to imagine, Polyxena, but Hecuba, the aged queen of
Troy and mother of Priam’s children. Euripides makes
us feel the intense pathos of her misfortunes from the
very first, as she slowly enters, leaning upon the arms
of her attendants, once a queen, now a slave, haunted
by visions of more awful sufferings yet in store for her ;
and as the play goes on, and first the daughter, then the
son, are taken from her, we feel the truth of the saying
of Aristotle that ‘ Euripides is the most tragic of poets.’
And yet, in the midst of her misfortunes, she never lets
us forget that she is a queen; in her proud words to
Agamemnon (Il. 864-869), she rises to the height of her
dignity ; she speaks to him as Lady Macbeth speaks to
her husband in his moment of fear.

It has been urged that she is brutal in her revenge;
but it must be remembered that she is a barbarian, and
not a Greek, and that even the Greek doctrine of revenge
was very far removed from that of the Christian.

THE CHARACTERS OF THE PLAY 15

Polyxena. Polyxena is the noblest character in the
play; she is an example of pure unselfishness. When
she hears of her doom, her first thought is for her mother ;
no word of reproach, even for her enemies, comes from
her lips; she is willing to die rather than live in slavery;
and she dies, as she had wished to live, a free
woman.

Odysseus. Odysseus is the cool calculator throughout ;
his one thought is that of expediency; for sympathy he
can only utter mere commonplaces; he is absolutely
unmoved by appeals to sympathy or gratitude, yet he has
sufficient religious superstition to shun the touch of the
supplant (ll. 342-344). In his final words he is brutally
imperious to the grief-stricken mother.

Agamemnon. Agamemnon is a typical king; a despot
in name, he is really a slave—a slave, as Hecuba bitterly
says, of money or of fortune, a slave of popular opinion
or of law. Hecuba is nominally a slave, Agamemnon
really so. At the last he would willingly avoid com-
mitting himself to a definite judgment; but justice is
too strong for him, and he pronounces Polymestor’s fate
to be deserved.

Polymestor. Polymestor is the typical barbarian—
cruel, avaricious, unscrupulous, suspicious, hypocritical.
Avarice is his besetting sin; this tempts him to commit
the murder, and afterwards lures him to his fate within
the tents.

Talthubios. The herald Talthybius is a fine character ;
he is full of the genuine sympathy of a good old man
for the sorrows of the fallen queen, and for the fate of
the noble and innocent Polyxena. His last words are
the truest words of comfort which Hecuba hears in the
play.

The female servant. Fiven the character of the θερά-

16 INTRODUCTION

παινα is not without interest ; she is the faithful servant,
dreading to tell her mistress the awful truth.

The Chorus. The all-pervading theme of the Chorus .

is lament for the departed glories of Troy, and for the
terrors of slavery in the future. ‘By the waters of
Babylon we sat down and wept, when we remembered
thee, O Sion.’

The Chorus describing the capture of Troy is perhaps
one of the finest in all Greek tragedy.

Euripides has been censured for introducing into this
and other plays passages moralizing upon the faults of
his own time, such, for example, as the criticism upon
the Sophists and education in ll. 814 ff. But the poet
who desires to make his poem a ‘criticism of life ’ must
perforce introduce allusions to his own time; Euripides
is no more to be blamed for making these allusions than
Shakespeare for making Hamlet criticize the actors
of the day. é

The weakest part of the play is undoubtedly the
undignified dialogue at the end between Hecuba and
Polymestor. Its purpose seems partly to have been to
introduce a ‘topical’ allusion to a place well known
to the Athenians.

The Chorus.

In order to fully appreciate the Chorus of a Greek
play it must be remembered that the lines were chanted
to music, while the Chorus moved in a stately manner
round the altar which stood in the centre of the Orchestra.
The first set of lines (called in Greek στροφὴ a’) would be
sung as the Chorus was moving from their original posi-
tion; the second set (στροφὴ β΄) as they move back again ;
the third set (ἀντιστροφὴ a’) as they move out a second

|
|

THE CHORUS 17

time ; the fourth set (ἀντιστροφὴ β΄) as they move back
again. The two parts of the στροφή and ἀντιστροφή
should thus exactly correspond in metre. Occasionally
a concluding stanza was sung at the end (ἐπῳδύς).

Some attempt has been made in the translation of
these Choruses to reproduce the rhythmical effect of the
original, although as the translation has to be literal
this has not been always possible.

EUR. HECUBA Cc

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-

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΆΑΟΥ
EKABH

TA TOY ΔΡΑΜΑΤῸΣ ITPOZQITA.
(DRAMATIS PERSONAE)

TIOAYAQPOY EIAQAON'.. ‘The ghost of Polydorus.

EKABH .... . . . The widowed Queen of Troy.

ΧΟΡΟΣ AIXMAAQTIAQN ΓΥΝΑΙΚΩ͂Ν, Chorus of captive
Trojan women.

TOAYZENH . .. . . . A daughter of Hecubda.

OAYSSEYS .-... . « . King of Ithaca, a Gree
Chieftain.

TAROVEIOS - τς. ὦ. Aherahh

ΘΕΡΑΠΑΙ͂ΝΑ. . . . . . Anaged female attendant.

ATAMEMNON ... . .. King of Mycenae, leader of
the Greeks.

TLOAYMHSTOP KAI OI IIAIAES AYTOY, Polymestor (king

* of the Thracian Chersonese, a barbarian) and his

children.

ScENE throughout: the camp of the Achaeans on the shore of
the Thracian Chersonese. At the back of the stage is ὦ
representation of the tents of the Achaeans and the captive

rojan women.

EYPIMIAOY
EKABH.

The chost of Polydorus, Hecuba’s murdered son, appears
on the stage. He tells the story of his murder by
Polymestor.

TOATAQPOT EJAQAON.

"H ~ ~ A ’ 7

κω, νεκρῶν κευθμῶνα καὶ σκότου πύλας

λιπών, ἵν᾿ “Awd is ᾧ θεῶ
ιπών. ἵν᾿ .Αιδης χωρὶς ᾧκισται θεῶν,

Πολύδωρος, Ἑκάβης παῖς γεγὼς τῆς

Κισσέως

I] “ / “ 9 9 A Φ “
ριάμου τε πατρός, ὃς m, ἐπεί Φρυγῶν
πόλιν

κίνδυνος ἔσχε δορὶ πεσεῖν “Ἑλληνικῷ, 5

δείσας ὑπεξέπεμψε Τρωικῆς χθονὸς
ΠΠολυμήστορος πρὸς δῶμα, Θρηκίου ξένου,
a , δ᾽ hs 0 ἊΣ ’ ει
ὃς THVO ἀρίστην Δερσονησιαν πλακα
σπείρει; φίλιππον λαὸν εὐθύνων δορί.

A A A 9 4A A " , ,
πολὺν δὲ σὺν ἐμοὶ χρυσὸν EKTEUTEL λαθρᾳ

, de 3 4 9 if , , ’
πατήρ, W, εἰ TOT λίου τείχη πεσοι, IT

22 EYPITILAOY

a Vr 7 A 4 , Ξ
τοις CWOLY El) παισι μὴ σπανις βίου.
νεώτατος δ᾽ ἣν ΠΡριαμιδῶν: ὃ καί με γῆς
ε , + ‘ , “
ὑπεξέπεμψεν" οὔτε yap pepe ὅπλα
οὔτ᾽ ἔγχος οἷός τ᾽ ἣν νέῳ βραχίονι. 15
“ \ π΄. αι τὰ δ 8: ἜΡΘΗ
ἕως μὲν οὖν γῆς ὄρθ᾽ ἔκειθ᾽ ὁρίσματα,
πύργοι τ᾽ ἄθραυστοι Tpoxis ἦσαν χθονός.
“Ἢ 5 ἡ ὃ \ e \ 9 , ὃ ’
Ἅκτωρ T GdEAHOS οὑμὸς ηὐτύχει δορί,
~ >, 3 A , / /
καλῶς παρ᾽ ἀνδρὶ Θρηκί, πατρῴῳ ἕένῳ,
= e ; , ς ’ὔ ,
τροφαῖσιν, ws τις πτόρθος, ηὐξόμην τάλας.
ἐπεὶ δὲ “Προία θ᾽ “Ἑκτορός T ἀπόλλυται 21
ψυχή, πατρώα θ᾽ ἑστία κατεσκάφη,
9 A δὲ B la A θ ὃ , ,
αὐτὸς de βωμῷ πρὸς θεοδμήτῳ πίτνει
A A
σφαγεὶς Ἀχιλλέως παιδὸς ἐκ μιαιφόνου,
κτείνει με χρυσοῦ τὸν ταλαίπωρον χάριν 25
ἕένος πατρῷος, καὶ κτανὼν ἐς οἷδμ᾽ ἁλὸς
Ὁ ἢ, τῷ 9 7 A ‘ ’ , ”
μεθηχ᾽, ἵν᾽ αὐτὸς χρυσὸν ἐν δόμοις ἔχη.

His body lies unburied. His spirit haunts Hecuba.

κεῖμαι δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀκταῖς, ἄλλοτ᾽ ἐν πόντου σάλῳ,

πολλοῖς διαύλοις κυμάτων φορούμενος,

ἄκλαυστος, ἄταφος: νῦν δ᾽ ὑπὲρ μητρὸς
φίλης 30

ExaBne ἀΐσσω, σῶμ᾽ ἐρημώσας ἐμόν,

τριταῖον ἤδη φέγγος αἰωρούμενος,

ὕσονπερ ἐν γῆ τῆδε Χερσονησίᾳ

μήτηρ ἐμὴ δύστηνος ἐκ ᾿Προίας πάρα.

e

EKABH 23

The Achaean fleet is detained on the shore of Thrace
by a vision of Achilles, who demands the sacrifice of
Polyxena.
, 5 ὦ A ~ ” “
παντες ὃ Ἀχαιοὶ VAUS EXOVTES ἡσύυχοι 35
θάσσουσ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀκταῖς τῆσδε Θρηκίας χθονός:
ε , ‘ - ε A / ; \
ὁ "Πηλέως yap παῖς ὑπὲρ τύμβου φανεὶς
κατέσχ᾽ Ἀχιλλεὺς πάν στράτευμ᾽ “Ἑλληνικόν,

--Ν

GREEK SHIPS DRAWN UP ON THE SEA-SHORE. (From a relief found
at Gjélbaschi, Lycia.)
‘ > sn? ; , ’
προς οἶκον εὐθύνοντας ἐναλίαν πλατην’
αἰτεῖ δ᾽ ade pay τὴν ἐμὴν LlodvEévyy 40
τύμβῳ φίλον πρόσφαγμα καὶ γέρας λαβεῖν.

καὶ τεύξεται τοῦδ᾽, οὐδ᾽ ἀδώρητος φίλων

24

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

» \ ’ - ε ’ 3
ἔσται πρὸς ἀνδρῶν' ἡ πεπρωμένη δ᾽ ἄγει

a , A PEND Funk > +
θανεῖν ἀδεὰ φὴν τῷδ᾽ ἐμὴν ἐν ἤματι.
δυοῖν δὲ παίδοιν δύο νεκρὼ κατόψεται 45
μήτηρ, ἐμοῦ TE τῆς TE δυστήνου κόρης.
φανήσομαι γάρ, ὡς τάφου τλήμων τύχω,

y
4
4

=

a ee a ee eee

A Tenr. (From a vase-painting and Assyrian bas-relief.)

δούλης ποδῶν πάροιθεν ἐν κλυδωνίῳ.

τοὺς γὰρ κάτω σθένοντας ἐξητησάμην

τύμβου κυρῆσαι, κεἰς χέρας μητρὸς πεσεῖν. 50 -

τοὐμὸν μὲν οὖν ὅσονπερ ἤθελον τυχεῖν |

ἔσται: γεραιᾷ δ᾽ ἐκποδὼν χωρήσομαι

ἡ ἦν , ᾿ lal A 10. e ‘ ~ ὃ
καβη" περᾷ yap ἠδ᾽ ὑπὸ σκηνῆς πόδα

9 , ’ / he) ,

A γαμέμνονος, φάντασμα δειμαίνουσ᾽ ἐμόν. q

EKABH 25

The aged Hecuba is seen entering. The ghost vanishes,
repeating the concluding lines as he disappears.

φεῦ:

~ “ , = ,
ὦ MITE, NTIS εκ τυραννικῶν δόμων 5:

~

δούλειον ἦμαρ εἶδες, ὡς πράσσεις κακῶς,
ὅσονπερ εὖ ποτ᾽. ἀντισηκώσας δέ σε
φθείρει θεῶν τις τῆς πάροιθ᾽ εὐπραξίας.

Hecuba comes forward, old and bent, leaning on the
arms of two Trojan women.

EKABH.

» ς 5» - \ ΡΥ \ ,
ἄγετ᾽, ὦ παῖδες, THY γραῦν πρὸ δόμων,
ΕΣ 9 >) “ A e /
aYET ὀρθοῦσαι τὴν ὁμόδουλον, 60
Τρφάδες, ὑ ὑμῖν, πρόσθε δ᾽ ἄνασσαν.
λάβετε, φέρετε, πέμπετ᾽, ἀείρετέ μου
γεραιᾶς χειρὸς “προσλαζύμεναι'
κἀγὼ σκολιῷ σκίπωνι χερὸς 65
διερειδομένα σπεύσω βραδύπ ουν
ἤλυσιν ἄρθρων προτιθεῖσα.

Hecuba’s dreams—oft her son, and of a fawn slaughtered
by a wolf and torn from her knees. O that Helenus and
Cassandra could interpret them !
> x , 9 , ,
ὦ TTEPOTE Διός, ὦ σκοτία νύξ,
, 3 7 ΕΣ e
Tl TOT αἱἰρομαι εἐννυχος οὕτω
, ’ - , ,
deluact, φάσμασιν ; ὦ πότνια χθών, 70
, ~ " ,
μελανοπτερύγων μᾶτερ ὀνείρων,
9 , Ν +
ἀποπέμπομαι EVVUXOV ὄψιν,

26

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

ἂν περὶ παιδὸς ἐμοῦ τοῦ σῳζομένου κατὰ
Θρήκην
ο
ἀμφὶ [Τ]ολυξείνης τε φίλης θυγατρὸς δι᾽
ὀνείρων 75
φοβερὰν ὄψιν ἔμαθον, ἐδάην.
> ’ ’ ’ As 2 ,
ὦ χθόνιοι θεοί, σώσατε παῖδ᾽ ἐμόν,
εἴ , ” x I 3 53 Ses
OS μόνος οἴκων ἀγκυρ᾽ ET ἐμῶν 8ο
τὴν χιονώδη Θρήκην κατέχει,
ξείνου πατρῴου φυλακαῖσιν.
ἔσται τι νέον,
“ / A a
ἥξει τι μέλος γοερον γοεραΐς.
οὔποτ᾽ ἐμὰ φρὴν ὧδ᾽ ἀλίαστος 85
φρίσσει, ταρβεῖ.
val 4
ποῦ ποτε θείαν ᾿ὔλένου ψυχὰν
7 Κασάνδραν ἐσίδω, Τρφάδες,
ὥ; μοι κρίνωσιν ὀνείρους ;
ον ‘ \ + , e
εἶδον yap βαλιὰν ἔλαφον λύκου αἵμονι
χαλᾷ go
, τὰ ΨΩ “ , A
σφαζομέναν, ἀπ᾽ ἐμῶν γονάτων σπασθεῖσαν
ἀνάγκᾳ
9 ~ 4 ’ A ,
οἰκτρῶς. καὶ τόδε δεῖμα jot

The vision of the ghost of Achilles.
WAP ὑπὲρ ἄκρας τύμβου κορυφᾶς
’ 9 ,
φαάντασμ Αχιλέως: 95
Μ \ , “~ ’
ἥτει δὲ γέρας τῶν πολυμόχθων
τινὰ ᾿Γρωιάδων.
᾿] 4.9 ΄σ΄ Φ Dk 9. ~ , ‘
AT εμας OVV, AT εμας τόδε παιδὸς
πέμψατε, δαίμονες, ἱκετεύω.

EKABH 27

[The CHorus of captive Trojan women, chanting as
they go, enters the orchestra in solemn procession, and finally
Forms round the altar in the centre.

ΧΟΡΟΣ

‘ExaBy, σπουδῇ πρός σ᾽ ἐλιάσθην. 100
τὰς δεσποσύνους σκηνὰς προλιποῦσ᾽.
κἂν 9...» ’ 4 ’
ἵν᾿ ἐκληρώθην καὶ προσεταχθὴην
δούλη, πόλεως ἀπελαυνομένη
~ 9 , , » la
τῆς ᾿Ιλιάδος. λογχῆς αἰχμὴ
δοριθήρατος πρὸς ᾿Αχαιῶν, 105
“4 ‘ 5) U 3
οὐδὲν παθέων ἀποκουφίζουσ .
ς - ΡῈ, , , “ ,
ἀλλ᾽ ἀγγελίας Bapos ἀραμένη

μέγα, σοί τε. γύναι, κῆρυξ ἀχέων.

The meeting of the Achaean Chiefs. Divided counsels.
ἐν yap ᾿Αχαιῶν πλήρει ξυνόδῳ
λέγεται δόξαι σὴν παῖδ᾽ ‘Ayre ITO
σφάγιον θέσθαι" τύμβου δ᾽ ἐπιβὰς
οἶσθ᾽ ὅτε Χρυσέοις ἐφάνη σὺν ὅπλοις.
τὰς ποντοπόρους δ᾽ ἔσχε σχεδίας
λαίφη προτόνοις ἐπερειδομένας,
τάδε Owiccor, 115
“aot δή, Δαναοί, τὸν ἐμὸν τύμβον
στέλλεσθ᾽ ἀγέραστον ἀφέντες εν
πολλῆς δ᾽ ἔριδος ξυνέπαισε κλύδων,
δόξα δ᾽ ἐχώρει δίχ᾽ ἀν᾽ Ἑλλήνων
στρατὸν αἰχμητήν, τοῖς μὲν διδόναι 120
τύμβῳ σφάγιον, τοῖς δ᾽ οὐχὶ δοκοῦν.

2ὃ ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

> ‘ 4 ‘ κι , . ᾿
ἣν δὲ τὸ μὲν σὸν σπεύδων ἀγαθὸν
τῆς μαντιπόλου βάκχης ἀνέχων
λέκτρ᾽ Ἀγαμέμνων:
τὼ Θησείδα δ᾽. ὄζω Ἀθηνῶν, 125
δισσῶν μύθων ῥήτορες ἦσαν"
γνώμη δὲ μιᾷ ξυνεχωρείτην,
τὸν ᾿Αχίλλειον τύμβον στεφανοῦν
a ἴω ‘ A ,
αἵματι χλωρῷ, τὰ δὲ Kacavdpas
λέκτρ᾽ οὐκ ἐφάτην τῆς ᾿Αχιλείας 1320
πρόσθεν θήσειν ποτὲ λόγχης.

The advice of Odysseus prevails.
A A , ,

σπουδαὶ δὲ λόγων κατατεινομένων
ἦσαν ἴσαι πως, πρὶν 0 ποικιλόφρων
κόπις, ἡδυλόγος,. δημοχαριστὴς

Λαερτιάδης πείθει στρατιὰν 135
μὴ τὸν ἄριστον Δαναῶν πάντων
δούλων σ αγίων οὕνεκ᾽ ἀπωθεῖν,
μηδέ τιν᾽ εἰπεῖν παρὰ Περσεφόνη

στάντα φθιμένων

ς “ ’ a
ὡς AXapLTTOL Δαναοὶ Aavaois 140

« ΟῚ , ¢ A ε ,
TOLS οἰχομένοις UTED ᾿ϑλλήνων

1 , , os] ,

Τροίας πεδίων ἀπέβησαν.
ἥξει δ᾽ ᾿Οδυσεὺς ὅσον οὐκ ἤδη,

κ ~ A ~
πῶλον ἀφέλξων σῶν ἀπὸ μαστῶν,

“ A
ἔκ τε γεραιῶς χερὸς ὁρμήσων. 145
Hecuba must supplicate the Gods and Agamemnon.

ἀλλ᾽ ἴθι ναούς, ἴθι πρὸς βωμούς,
ef ,
iC’ ᾿Αγαμέμνονος ἱκέτις γονάτων'

ΕΚΑΒΗ 29

κήρυσσε θεοὺς τούς T οὐρανίδας
τούς θ᾽ ὑπὸ γαῖαν.
7 yap σε λιταὶ διακωλύσουσ᾽ [50
ὀρφανὸν εἶναι παιδὸς μελέας,

HERMES PRESENTING A Sout To ΗΑΡῈΒ AND PERSEPHONE, (From
a vase-painting.)
ἢ δεῖ σ᾽ ἐπιδεῖν τύμβου προπετῆ
φοινισσομένην αἵματι παρθένον
ἐκ χρυσοφόρου
δειρῆς νασμῷ μελαναυγεῖ. 155
Despair of Hecuba. To whom shall she flee for help ?
EK. οἱ ᾽γὼ μελέα, τί ποτ᾽ ἀπύσω:
ποίαν ἀχώ : ποῖον ὀδυρμόν ;

30 _ EYPITIAOY

δειλαία δειλαίου γήρως,
δουλείας τᾶς οὐ τλατᾶς,
io 9᾽ La li
Tas ov φερτάς" ὦμοι μοι.
, ’ / , ,
TLE ἀμύνει μοι; ποια Yeved, 160
/ A ,
ποία δὲ πόλις ;
“Ὁ ’ ~ “-
φροῦδος πρέσβυς, φροῦδοι παῖδες.
, \ ’ \
ποίαν, ἢ ταύταν 9 κείναν,
’ an e/ ,
στείχω ; ποῖ δ᾽ ἥσω; τίς
“ \ U , 5
θεῶν ἢ δαίμων ἐπαρωγός; 165
“" ᾿νε. ἃ. An ’
ὦ KAK εἐνεγκοῦσαι Ἴρφαδες, 7)
, a
κακ᾽ ἐνεγκοῦσαι
, ᾿] 9 , 5 5 ’ ᾽ " ’ /
πήματ᾽, ἀπωλέσατ᾽, WAETAT * OUKETL μοι βίος
“ Ἁ 9 ’
ἄγαστος ev dae.
a , Ὁ“ /
ὦ τλάμων, ἄγησαι μοι, 170
of ~ ,
πούς, ἅγησαι τῷ γραίᾳ
\ , a ἢ > , => -
προς τανδ᾽ αὐλάν: ὦ TEKVOV; oO Tal
δυστανοτάτας ματέρος, ἔξελθ᾽
ἔξελθ᾽ οἴκων" ale ματέρος
αὐδάν, ὦ τέκνον, ὡς εἰδῆς ze
el, oA ἢ
οἵαν οἵαν ἀἴω φαμαν
4 ἴω a
περὶ σᾶς ψυχάς.
| POLYXENA θη) 67,8, --τΐο ask the reason of her mother’s ο)168.]

-

IIOATSENH.
ἰώ,
~ ΄' , ~ / ,
μᾶτερ μᾶτερ, τί Boas; τί νέον
καρύξασ᾽ οἴκων μ᾽, ὥστ᾽ ὄρνιν,
θάμβει τῷδ᾽ ἐξέπταξας:; : 180
EK. ἰώ μοι, τέκνον.

EKABH } 31

ΠΟΛΥΞ. τί με δυσφημεῖς : φροίμιά μοι κακά.

EK. αἰαῖ, σᾶς ψυχᾶς.
ΠΟΛΥΞ. ἐξαύδα, μὴ κρύψης δαρόν.
δειμαίνω δειμαίνω, μᾶτερ, 185
Tl TOT ἀναστένεις.
HK, τέκνον, τέκνον μελέας ματρός.
ΠΟΛΥΞ. τί τόδ᾽ ἀγγέλλεις ;
ΕΚ. σφάξαι σ᾽ Ἀργείων κοινὰ

ξυντείνει πρὸς τύμβον γνώμα 190
ΠΠηλείδα γέννᾳ.
IIOATE. οἴμοι, μᾶτερ, πῶς φθέγγει

ἀμέγαρτα κακῶν ; ; μάνυσόν μοι

μάνυσον, μᾶτερ.
EK. αὐδῶ, παῖ, δυσφήμους φάμας" 195
ἀγγέλλουσ᾽ Ἀργείων δόξαι
ψήφῳ τᾶς σᾶς περί μοι ψυχᾶς.

Polyxena laments her mother’s sad fate. Of herself she
will not think. It is better for her to die.

IOATE. ὦ δεινὰ παθοῦσ᾽, ὦ παντλάμων,
ὦ δυστάνου μᾶτερ βιοτᾶς,
“ e > ,
οἵαν οἵαν av σοι λώβαν 200
ἐχθίσταν ἀρρήταν τ᾽
ὥρσέν τις δαίμων.
9 ’ὔ - e/ No >] , 4
οὐκέτι σοι παῖς ἅδ᾽ οὐκέτι δὴ
γήρᾳ δειλαία δειλαίῳ
ξυνδουλεύσω.
, , 9 “ 9 τι ,
σκύμνον yap μ᾽ wat οὐριθρεπταν
, , /
Moo x ov δειλαία δειλαίαν 205

32 EYPITIAOY

9. ’ ‘ ᾿] A
cir ower χειρὸς ἀναρπασταν
r ΕΣ ’ὔ / 5 *Ats
cas ἀπο, λαιμόοτομὸν τ΄ Αἴὸᾳ
΄ , ’ + A ,
yas ὑποπεμπομέναν σκότον, ἔνθα νεκρῶν μετα
, ,
τάλαινα κεισομαῖι. 210

OpyssEUS COMES TO TAKE AWAY PoLyxENA. (From the Tabula
Tliaca.)

A , > ΄σ , ,
σὲ μέν, ὦ μᾶτερ δύστανε βίου,
ἢ ͵ ἢ
κλαίω πανδύρτοις θρήνοις"
A
Tov ἐμὸν δὲ βίον, λώβαν λύμαν τ᾽,
’ , b>) \ -
οὐ μετακλαίομαι, ἀλλὰ θανεῖν μοι
ξυντυχία κρείσσων ἐκύρησεν. 215

EKABH 33

XO. καὶ μὴν ᾿Οδυσσεὺς ἔρχεται σπουδὴ ποδός,
c ~
ExaBy, νέον τι πρὸς σὲ σημανῶν ἔπος.

take away POLYXENA.

OAT 2ET2..

γύναι, δοκῶ μέν σ᾽ εἰδέναι “γνώμην στρατοῦ

ODYSSEUS enters, bringing the news of the decree, and to
ψῆφόν τε τὴν κρανθεῖσαν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως φράσω.
|
|
:
:
:
:

ἔδοξ᾽ ᾿Αχαιοῖς παῖδα σὴν ΠΟολυξένην 220
σφάξαι πρὸς ὀρθὸν yap’ Ἀχιλλείου τάφου.

A Priest Sacriricinc. (From paintings on vases.)
EUR. HECUBA D
i

34

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

ἡμᾶς δὲ πομποὺς καὶ κομιστῆρας κόρης
τάσσουσιν εἶναι: θύματος δ᾽ ἐπιστάτης

«ε ᾽ὔ >] Ψ ’ὔ al - Ἂ ,

ἱερεὺς τ΄ ἐπέστη τοῦδε παῖς ᾿Αχιλλέως.

> ᾽ > εἴ la (Mle, PB val ,
οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον ; μήτ᾽ ἀποσπασθῆς βίᾳ
μήτ᾽ ἐς χερῶν ἅμιλλαν ἐξέλθης ἐμοί: 226
γίγνωσκε δ᾽ ἀλκὴν καὶ παρουσίαν κακῶν
τῶν σῶν. σοφόν τοι κἀν κακοῖς ἃ δεῖ φρονεῖν.

Hecuba feels that a great crisis is at hand. She will

make a last appeal to Odysseus.

EK.

OA.

αἰαῖ: παρέστηχ᾽, ὡς ἔοικ᾽, ἀγὼν μέγας,
πλήρης στεναγμῶν οὐδὲ δακρύων κενός. 230
κἄγωγ ἄρ᾽ οὐκ ἔθνησκον οὗ μ᾽ ἐχρῆν θανεῖν,

95. Ὑ
οὐδ᾽ ὥλεσέν με ἽΝ τρέφει δ᾽, ὅπως ὁρῶ

A | Bes tate 2 , 5. te ’ 9-9 ’

κακῶν Kak ἀλλα μείζον ἡ Tahal eyo.

3 5 ἃ . ,ὔ A 9 ,
εἰ δ᾽ ἔστι τοῖς δούλοισι τοὺς ἐλευθέρους
μὴ λυπρὰ μηδὲ καρδίας δηκτήρια 235
ἐξιστορῆσαι, σοὶ μὲν εἰρῆσθαι χρεών,
ἡμᾶς δ᾽ ἀκοῦσαι τοὺς ἐ ἐρωτῶντας τάδε.
ἔξεστ᾽, ἐρώτα: τοῦ χρόνου γὰρ οὐ φθονῶ.

She reminds Odysseus of the time when she saved his life
at Troy.

ΕΚ.

ΟΔ.
ΕΚ.
OA.
EK.

οἷσθ᾽ ἡνίκ᾽ ἦλθες ᾿Ιλίου κατάσκοπος,

' > > ἢ >”
δυσχλαινίᾳ T ἄμορφος, ὀμμάτων T ἄπο 240
φόνου σταλαγμοὶ σὴν κατέσταζον γένυν ;
οἶδ᾽. οὐ γὰρ ἄκρας καρδίας ἐψαυσέ μου.
ἔγνω δέ σ᾽ ᾿ λένη, καὶ μόνη κατεῖπ᾽ ἐμοί;
μεμνήμεθ᾽ ἐς κίνδυνον ἐλθόντες μέγαν.
ἥψω δὲ γονάτων τῶν ἐμῶν ταπεινὸς ὧν ; 245

ΟΔ.
ΕΚ.
ΟΔ.
ΕΚ.
ΟΔ.
ΕΚ.

EKABH 35

ὥστ᾽ ἐνθανεῖν ye σοῖς πέπλοισι χεῖρ᾽ ἐμήν.
τί δητ᾽ ἔλεξας, δοῦλος ὧν ἐμὸς τότε;
πολλῶν λόγων εὑρήμαθ᾽, ὥστε μὴ θανεῖν.
ἔσωσα δῆτά oa ἐξέπεμψά τε χθονός;

ὥστ᾽ εἰσορᾶν γε φέγγος ἡλίου τόδε. 250
οὔκουν κακύνει τοῖσδε τοῖς βουλεύμασιν,

ὃς ἐξ & ἐμοῦ μὲν ἔπαθες οἷα φὴς παθεῖν,

δρᾳς δ᾽ οὐδὲν ἡ ἡμᾶς εὖ, κακῶς δ᾽ ὅσον δύνᾳ 5
ἀχάριστον ὑμῶν σπέρμ᾽, ὅσοι δημηγόρους
ζηλοῦτε τιμάς" μηδὲ γιγνώσκοισθέ μοι, 255
ot Tous φίλους βλάπτοντες οὐ φροντίζετε,
ἣν τοῖσι πολλοῖς πρὸς χάριν λέγητέ τι.
ἀτὰρ τί δὴ σόφισμα τοῦθ᾽ ἡγούμενοι

ἐς τήνδε παῖδα ψῆφον ὥρισαν φόνου;

There is no justice in the sacrifice. Helen should rather
be offered.

, \ A 3 3 , 3 3
πότερα TO χρῆν op exnyay ἀνθρωπο-
σφαγεῖν 260
πρὸς τύμβον, ἔνθα βουθυτεῖν μᾶλλον πρέπει ;
ἢ τοὺς κτανόντας ἀνταποκτεῖναι θέλων
ἐς τήνδ᾽ ᾿Αχιλλεὺς ἐνδίκως τείνει φόνον :
’ ᾿] sas . A “ 3 ΕΣ ’
ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲν αὐτὸν nde Y εἰργασται κακον.
“Ἑλένην νιν αἰτεῖν χρῆν τάφῳ προσφάγματα'
, ‘ » ’ 9 ’ φμὋ».ν
κείνη γὰρ wrecev νιν ες Τροίαν 7 ἄγει. 266
εἰ δ᾽ αἰχμάλωτον χρή τιν᾽ ἔκκριτον θανεῖν
κάλλει θ᾽ ὑπερφέρουσαν, οὐχ ἡμῶν τόδε'
ἡ Τυνδαρὶς γὰρ εἶδος εὐπρεπεστάτη,
ἀδικοῦσα θ᾽ ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἧσσον ηὑρέθη. 270
“ A U , en A ’
τῷ μὲν δικαίῳ τόνδ᾽ ἁμιλλῶμαι λόγον"
D2

36 ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

She appeals to Odysseus to remember his debt ot grati-
tude. In Polyxena she will lose her sole comfort and
support.

a 5 ys ὃ ~ ὃ - 3 5) , 9 ΄
ἃ δ᾽ ἀντιδοῦναι δεῖ σ ; ἀπαιτούσης εμοῦ,
a
ἄκουσον. ἥψω τῆς ἐμῆς, ὡς φής, χερὸς
καὶ τῆς γεραιᾶς προσπίτνων παρηΐδος:
ἀνθάπτομαί σου τῶνδε τῶν αὐτῶν ἐγώ, 275
[Touching his hand and face.]

’ 3 3 A \ "n> Υ: , ,

χάριν τ᾽ ἀπαιτῶ τὴν TOO, ἱκετεύω TE σε,
A A
μή μου TO τέκνον ἐκ χερῶν ἀποσπάσης,
, ~

μηδὲ κτάνητε. τῶν τεθνηκότων ἅλις"
ταύτη γέγηθα κἀπιλήθομαι κακῶν"
“9 >‘ A ~ 9 ’ ͵
ηδ᾽ ἀντὶ πολλῶν ἐστί μοι παραψυχή, 280

, , ’ ε A e ΄σ
πόλις, τιθήνη, βώκτρον, ἡγεμὼν ὁδοῦ.
οὐ τοὺς κρατοῦντας χρὴ κρατεῖν ἃ μὴ χρεών,
οὐδ᾽ εὐτυχοῦντας εὖ δοκεῖν πράξειν a ἀεί.
κἀγὼ γὰρ ἣν TOT, ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκ εἴμ᾽ ἔτι,
τὸν πάντα δ᾽ ὄλβον ἣ ἧμαρ ἕν μ᾽ ἀφείλετο.
ἀλλ᾽, ὦ φίλον γένειον, αἰδέσθητί με, 286
οἴκτειρον' ἐλθὼν δ᾽ εἰς Ἀχαιϊκὸν στρατὸν
παρηγόρησον, ὡς ἀποκτείνειν φθόνος
γυναῖκας, ἃς τὸ πρῶτον οὐκ ἐκτείνατε
βωμῶν ὦ ἀποσπάσαντες, ἀλλ᾽ WKTELPATE. 290

, Β΄.» C «κα A “ΙΝ a
νόμος δ᾽ ἐν ὑμῖν τοῖς τ᾽ ἐλευθέροις ἴσος
καὶ “οῖσι δούλοις αἵματος κεῖται πέρι.

\ ~

τὸ 0 ἀξίωμα, κἀν κακῶς λέγης, τὸ σὸν
πείσει" λόγος γὰρ ἔκ T ἀδοξούντων ¢ ἰὼν
κἀκ τῶν δοκούντων αὑτὸς οὐ ταὐτὸν σθένει.

τος κῶν τῶν αὐ ee

EKABH 37

XO. οὐκ ἔστιν οὕτω στερρὸς ἀνθρώπου φύσις.
ἥτις γόων σῶν καὶ μακρῶν ὀδυρμάτων 297
κλύουσα θρήνους οὐκ ἂν ἐκβάλοι δάκρυ.

Odysseus replies that he cannot go back from his word.

c , , ΄“΄“Ῥ
OA. “ExaBy, διδάσκου, μηδὲ τῷ θυμουμένῳ
\ > , ~ ΄- ,
Tov ev λεγοντα δυσμενῆ ποιοῦ φρενι. 300
‘ A A A ®
ἐγὼ TO μὲν σὸν σῶμ᾽, ὑφ᾽ οὗπερ ηὐτύχουν,
’ “ ’ ᾿] ᾿] 7 /
σῴζειν ETOLMOS εἰμι, κοὐκ ἄλλως λέγω:
a δ᾽ εἶπον εἰς ἅπαντας. οὐκ ἀρνήσομαι,
Τροίας ἁλούσης ἀνδρὶ τῷ πρώτῳ στρατοῦ
A ΄ ,
σὴν παῖδα δοῦναι σφαγιον ἐξαιτουμένῳ. 305

The Achaeans also owe a debt of gratitude to Achilles.

5 ΄ 4A , € A ’
ἐν τῷδε yap κάμνουσιν αἱ πολλαι πόλεις,
“ ΕῚ \ ‘ 7, a 7S
ὅταν τις ἐσθλὸς καὶ πρόθυμος ὧν ἀνὴρ
μηδὲν φέρηται τῶν κακιόνων πλέον.
ἡμῖν δ᾽ ᾿Αχιλλεὺς ἄξιος τιμῆς, γύναι,
‘ ~ , ,
| θανὼν ὑπὲρ γῆς Ελλάδος καλλιστ᾽ ἀνήρ. 310
+S 7\9 ° , 3 | A ’
οὔκουν τόδ᾽ αἰσχρόν, εἰ βλέποντι μὲν φίλῳ
’ 3 3 \ 5 =» A , > 5S
χρώμεσθ᾽, ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἄπεστι, μὴ χρώμεσθ᾽ ἔτι;
εἶεν: τί ONT ἐρεῖ τις, ἤν τις αὖ φανῆ
val la

στρατοῦ τ᾽ ἀθροισις πολεμίων τ᾽ ἀγωνία ;

, , > ΠΝ ,
πότερα μαχούμεθ᾽, ἢ φιλοψυχήσομεν, 588
τὸν κατθανόνθ᾽ ὁρῶντες οὐ τιμώμενον :
καὶ μὴν ἔμοιγε ζῶντι μέν, καθ᾽ ἡμέραν,

aA

κεὶ σμίκρ᾽ ἔχοιμι, πάντ᾽ dy ἀρκούντως ἔχοι:
τύμβον δὲ βουλοίμην ἂν ἀξιούμενον 319

A A » ~
Tov ἐμὸν ὁρᾶσθαι: διὰ μακροῦ ‘yap ἡ χάρις.

ΧΟ.

ΕΚ.

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

Other women are suffering besides Hecuba.

. 5 b ‘ , , » 5" , ,
εἰ δ᾽ οἰκτρὰ πάσχειν φής, τάδ᾽ ἀντακουέ μου'
“κ ἊΝ ΚῚΣ 5. > ”
εἰσὶν παρ᾽ ἡμῖν οὐδὲν ἧσσον ἄθλιαι
γραῖαι γυναῖκες ἠδὲ πρεσβῦται σέθεν,
νύμφαι T ἀρίστων νυμφίων τητώμεναι,
> es , , 23 , , 5
ὧν noe κεύθει σώματ᾽ ᾿Ιδαία κόνις. 325
, > ε - 3 3 “ ,
τόλμα τάδ᾽" ἡμεῖς δ᾽, εἰ κακῶς νομίζομεν
΄ A 4 , ο ’ 9 ,
τιμᾶν Tov ἐσθλόν, ἀμαθίαν ὀφλήσομεν'
οἱ βάρβαροι δὲ μήτε τοὺς φίλους φίλους
ἡγεῖσθε μήτε τοὺς καλῶς τεθνηκότας
θαυμάζεθ᾽, ὡς av ἡ μὲν Ἑλλὰς εὐτυχῆ, 330
ε - 3” soo eee ,
ὑμεῖς δ᾽ ἔχηθ᾽ ὅμοια τοῖς βουλεύμασιν.
SoA A ~ r ‘ / a τ,
αἰαῖ: τὸ δοῦλον ὡς κακὸν πέφυκ᾽ ἀεί,
= 3 A ‘ ‘ ἘΞ: , ,
τολμᾷ θ᾽ ἃ μὴ χρὴ TH βίᾳ νικώμενον.
Hecuba bids Polyxena appeal to Odysseus.
> , . wo , \ “5, 7
ὦ θύγατερ, οὗμοϊ μεν λόγοι πρὸς αἰθέρα 334
΄ ’ ς : ’ ς 4A ΄ oe
φροῦδοι ματην ῥιφθέντες ἀμφὶ σοῦ φόνου"
σὺ δ᾽ εἴ τι μείζω δύναμιν ἢ μήτηρ ἔχεις,
σπούδαζε, πάσας ὥστ᾽ ἀηδόνος στόμα
θογγὰς ἱεῖσα, μὴ στερηθῆναι βίου.
Y : en
, a” 9 ~ 0° 706 , ,
πρόσπιπτε δ᾽ οἰκτρῶς τοῦ υσσέως γόνυ,
καὶ Ted. ἔχεις δὲ πρόφασιν' ἔστι γὰρ τέκνα

‘ «4

και ὶ τῷδε, τὴν σὴν ὥστ᾽ ἐποικτεῖραι τύχην. 341

No; Polyxena will not fear to die. Death is better than
slavery.

MOATE. ὁρῶ σ᾽. ᾿Οδυσσεῦ, δεξιὰν ὑφ᾽ εἵματος

κρύπτοντα χεῖρα. καὶ πρόσωπον ἔμπαλιν

EKABH 39

στρέφοντα, μή σου προσθίγω γενειάδος.
θάρσει" πέφευγας τὸν ἐμὸν ἱκέσιον Δία 345
ws ἕψομαί ye τοῦ τ᾽ ἀναγκαίου χάριν
θανεῖν τε χρήζουσ᾽: εἰ δὲ μὴ βουλήσομαι,
κακὴ φανοῦμαι καὶ φιλόψυχος γυνή.

τί γάρ με δεῖ Cav 5 an] πατὴρ μὲν ἣν ἄναξ
Φρυγῶν ἁπάντων: τοῦτό μοι πρῶτον βίου:
ἔπειτ᾽ ἐθ ρέφθην ἐλπίδων καλῶν ὕπο, 351
βασιλεῦσι νύμφη, ζῆλον οὐ σμικρὸν γάμων
ἔχουσ᾽, ὅτου δῶμ᾽ ἑστίαν T ἀφίξομαι:
δέσποινα δ᾽ ἡ δύστηνος ᾿Ιδαίαισιν ἣν
γυναιξί, παρθένοις ἀπόβλεπτος μέτα,

vo
οι
οι

A Ἁ - ,

ἴση θεοῖσι, πλὴν TO κατθανεῖν μόνον"

΄σ 49 ᾿] A / ~ , +

νῦν δ᾽ εἰμὶ δούλη. πρῶτα μεν με τοὔνομα
θανεῖν ἐρᾶν τίθησιν, οὐκ εἰωθὸς ὅν

9 ee a “ 3 a ,
ἔπειτ᾽ tows ἂν δεσποτῶν ὠμῶν φρένας
τύχοιμ᾽ ἄν, ὅστις ἀργύρου μ᾽ ὠνήσεται, 360
τὴν “Excropos τε χἀτέρων 1 πολλῶν κάσιν,
προσθεὶς δ᾽ ἀνάγκην σιτοποιὸν ἐν δόμοις,
σαίρειν τε δῶμα κερκίσιν τὲ ἐφεστάναι
λυπρὰν ἄγουσαν ἡμέραν μ᾽ ἀναγκάσει"

λέχη δὲ τἀμὰ δοῦλος ὠνητός ποθεν 365
χρανεῖ, τυράννων πρόσθεν ἠξιωμένα.

9 a 9 ς 7 >] 9 ’ /

ov δῆτ᾽. ἀφίημ᾽ ὀμμάτων ἐλεύθερον

’ 4X9 of Ὁ" SAS \ ,

φέγγος τόδ᾽, Ardy προστιθεῖσ μον δέμας.
ay οὖν μ΄, Ὀδυσσεῦ, καὶ διέργασαί μ᾽ ἄγων᾽"
οὔτ᾽ ἐλπίδος γὰρ οὔτ᾽ € iad δόξης ὁ ὁρὼ 370
θάρσος παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ὥς TOT εὖ πρᾶξαί με χρή.

| Turning to her mother.

40 ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

Her mother must not stand in the way; she must even
wish for her daughter’s death. Death is better than
shame.
΄σ \ 9 e - A " \ ,
μῆτερ, TV δ᾽ ἡμῖν μηδὲν ἐμποδὼν γένη
λέγουσα μηδὲ δρῶσα' συμβούλου δέ μοι
θανεῖν, πρὶν αἰσχρῶν μὴ κατ᾽ ἀξίαν τυχεῖν.

Women ar Work. (From vase-painting.)

“, ‘ 9 5» , ™~
οστις γὰρ OUK εἴωθε γεύεσθαι κακῶν, 375
’ , ᾿] ΄ 9 9 5 " A ς ~
φέρει μέν, ἀλγεῖ ὃ αὐχέν᾽ ἐντιθεὶς ζυγῷ"
\ 3 Ἃ xv ~ 9 ,
θανὼν δ᾽ av εἴη μᾶλλον εὐτυχέστερος
ἢ ζῶν: τὸ γὰρ ζῆν μὴ καλῶς μέγας πόνος.

EKABH 41
How wondrous is the mark of noble birth.

‘ ‘ 9 9. -
ΧΟ. δεινὸς χαρακτὴρ κἀπίσημος ἐν βροτοῖς
ο ~ -
ἐσθλῶν γενέσθαι, κἀπὶ μεῖζον ἔρχεται 38ο
“-“ ω -
τῆς εὐγενείας ὄνομα τοῖσιν ἀξίοις.

Deatu or ACHILLEsS. (From a bas-relief.)

Once more Hecuba appeals to Odysseus to slay her
instead of, or with, her daughter.
~ a 4 ~ -
ΕΚ. καλῶς μὲν εἶπας. θύγατερ᾽ ἀλλὰ τῷ καλῳ
a ΄σ ’
λύπη πρόσεστιν. εἰ δὲ δεῖ τῷ [Πηλέως
’ , δί 4 | , -
χάριν γενέσθαι Tall, καί ψόγον φυγεῖν
ὑμᾶς, ᾿Οδυσσεῦ, τήνδε μὲν μὴ κτείνετε. 395

ΟΔ.

ΕΚ.

ΟΔ.

ΒΈΡΙΙΡΛΔΟΥ

ἡμάς δ᾽ ἄγοντες πρὸς πυρὰν Ἀχιλλέως
a ‘ , 3 3. ἡ 9 ,
KEVTELTE, [AN φείδεσθ . ἐγὼ “rexov Ilapw,
os παῖδα Θέτιδος ὥλεσεν τόξοις βαλών.
ἡ, ας we ἘΝ ΤΆ ,
οὐ σ᾽, ὦ γεραιά, κατθανεῖν ᾿Αχιλλέως
, 33 , , Ν , 2 3 ,
φάντασμ Ἀ χαιούς,ἀλλὰ τήνδ ἤτήσατο. 390
. = , ee \ κ ,
ὑμεῖς δέ μ᾽ ἀλλὰ θυγατρὶ συμφονεύσατε,
καὶ δὶς τόσον TOM αἵματος γενήσεται
γαίᾳ νεκρῷ τε τῷ TAO ἐξαιτουμένῳ.
ἅλις κόρης σῆς Diiaroe οὐ προσοιστέος
ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλῳ" μηδὲ τόνδ᾽ ὠφείλομεν. 395
, > , A - " ’
πολλή γ᾽ ἀνάγκη θυγατρὶ συνθανεῖν ἐμέ.
πῶς; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος.
[clinging to POLYXENA.|

rd a \ \ ce las 3 ὦ
ὁποῖα κισσὸς δρυὸς ὅπως τῆσδ᾽ ἕξομαι.
a ΄σ ’

οὐκ, ἤν γε πείθη τοῖσι σοῦ σοφωτέροις.

~ ~ A
ὡς τῆσδ᾽ ἑκοῦσα παιδὸς οὐ μεθήσομαι. 400
᾿] 3 τὴν ων A A , 3. SS, 3 5 ΄σ ,
GAN οὐδ᾽ ἐγὼ μὴν τήνδ᾽ ἄπειμ᾽ αὐτοῦ λιπών.

TIOATE. μῆτερ, πιθοῦ μοι: καὶ σύ, παῖ Λαερτίου,

[gently putting her mother away.|

Xara τοκεῦσιν εἰκότως θυμουμένοις.

σύ τ᾽, ὦ τάλαινα, τοῖς κρατοῦσι μὴ μάχου.

βούλει πεσεῖν πρὸς οὖδας, ἑλκῶσαί τε σὸν 405

γέροντα χρώτα πρὸς βίαν ὠθουμένη,

ἀσχημονῆσαί T ἐκ νέου βραχίονος

σπασθεῖσ᾽ : ἃ πείσει: μὴ σύ γ᾽" οὐ i γὰρ ἄξιον.
[she embraces her mother for the last time. |

ἀλλ᾽, ὦ φίλη μοι μῆτερ; ἡδίστην χέρα

δὸς καὶ παρειὰν προσβαλεῖν παρηΐδι' 410

EKABH 4

Or

e wv 9 εὐ >] ‘ -~ ,

ws οὕποτ᾽ αὖθις, ἀλλὰ νῦν πανύστατον

ΕῚ - , > e , ,

ἀκτῖνα κύκλον θ ἡλίου προσόψομαι.
τέλος δέχει δὴ τῶν ἐμῶν προσφθεγμάτων.
ὦ μῆτερ, ὦ τεκοῦσ᾽, ἄπειμι δὴ κάτω.---

They lament together.

EK. ὦ θύγατερ, ἡμεῖς δ᾽ ἐν φάει δουλεύσομεν. 415
ΠΟΛΥΞ. ἄνυμφος. ἀνυμέναιος, ὧν μ᾽ ἐχρῆν τυχεῖν.
ΕΚ. οἰκτρὰ σύ, τέκνον, ἀθλία δ᾽ ἐγὼ γυνή.
ΠΟΛΥΎΞ. ἐκεῖ δ᾽ ἐν Ἅιδου κείσομαι χωρὶς σέθεν.
ΕΚ. οἴμοι τί δράσω; ποῖ τελευτήσω βίον :
ΠΟΛΎΞΞΕ δούλη θανοῦμαι, πατρὸς οὖσ᾽ ἐλευθέρου.
ΕΚ. ἡμεῖς δὲ πεντήκοντά γ᾽ ἄμμοροι τέκνων. 421
ΠΟΛΥΞ. τί σοι πρὸς ἽἙκτορ᾽ 7 γέροντ᾽ εἴπω
;
πόσιν:
ΕΚ. ἄγγελλε πασῶν ἀθλιωτάτην ἐμέ.
ΠΟΛΥΞ. ὦ στέρνα μαστοί θ᾽ οἵ μ᾽ ἐθρέψαθ᾽

ἡδέως.
ΕΚ. ὦ τῆς ἀώρου θύγατερ ἀθλία τύχης. 425
TIOATE. χαῖρ᾽ , ὦ τεκοῦσα, χαῖρε Kacavdpa
τέ μοι----

ΕΚ. χαίρουσιν ἄλλοι, μητρὶ δ᾽ οὐκ ἔστιν τόδε.
ΠΟΛΥΞ. 6 τ᾽ ἐν φιλίπποις Θρηξὶ "Πολύδωρος
,
κασις.
EK. εἰ ζῆ Ὑ ἀπιστῶ 0° ὧδε πάντα δυστυχῶ.
ΠΟΛΥΞ. ζῆ καὶ θανούσης ὄμμα συγκλείσει τὸ
σόν. 430
EK. τέθνηκ᾽ ἔγωγε πρὶν θανεῖν κακῶν ὕπο.

[She leaves her mother and turns to ODYSSEUS. |

44 EYPIMIAOY

HNOATE. KOMC, Ὀδυσσεῦ, μ᾽ ἀμφιθεὶς κάρα
πέπλοις"
ὡς πρὶν σφαγῆναί Υ ἐκτέτηκα καρδίαν
θρήνοισι μητρός, τήνδε τ᾽ ἐκτήκω γόοις. 434
ὥ Φῶς: προσειπεῖν yap σὸν ὄνομ ἔξεστί μοι,
μέτεστι δ᾽ οὐδὲν πλὴν ὃ ὅσον χρόνον ξίφους
βαίνω μεταξὺ καὶ πυρᾶς Ἀχιλλέως.
EK. [fainting in the arms of her attendants.) οἷ ᾽γώ"
προλείπω" λύεται δέ μου μέλη.
ὦ θύγατερ. ἅψαι μητρός, ἔκτεινον χέρα,
δός: μὴ λίπης μ᾽ ἀπαιδ᾽, ἀπωλόμην, φίλαι.
[POLYXENA /s led out, with her head veiled. HECUBA lies
on the stage, her face wrapped in her robes.)
[ὡς τὴν Λάκαιναν ξύγγονον Διοσκόροιν 441
“Ἑλένην ἴδοιμι: διὰ καλῶν γὰρ ὀμμάτων
αἴσχιστα Τροίαν εἷλε τὴν εὐδαίμονα.

[The CHORUS sings.]

Sorrows of the captive Trojan women.

XO. αὔρα, ποντιὰς αὔρα, στρ. a.
ἅτε ποντοπόρους κομί 'ζεις 445
θοὰς ἀκάτους ἐπ᾽ οἷδμα λίμνας,
ποῖ με τὰν μελέαν πορεύσεις ;
τῷ δουλόσυνος πρὸς οἶκον
κτηθεῖσ᾽ ἀφίξομαι ;
ἢ Δωρίδος ὅρμον αἴας, 450
’
ἡ Φθιάδος. ἔνθα καλλίστων ὑδάτων πατέρα
Α 9 \ , ’
φασὶν ᾿Ἀπιδανὸν γύας λιπαίνειν:

EKABH 45

a , ε , ᾽ /
ἢ νάσων. ἁλιήρει ἀντ. α΄.

’ , ’
κῶπᾳ πεμπομεναν ταλαιναν. 456

“ A A ΝΜ v
oixtpav βιοτὰν ἔχουσαν οἴκοις,
ΝΜ , ,ὔ a
ἔνθα TPWTOYovos τε φοῖνιξ

δάφνα θ᾽ ἱεροὺς ἀνέσχε

ARTEMIS WITH CHAPLET AND Bow. (From the statue in the
Louvre.)

πτόρθους Λατοῖ φίλᾳ 460
3 QA 3 ’
ὠδῖνος ἄγαλμα δίας :
σὺν Δηλιάσιν τε κούραις Ἀρτέμιδος τε θεάς
χρυσέαν ἄμπυκα τόξα τ᾽ εὐλογήσω: 405
ἢ Παλλάδος ἐν πόλει στρ.

46 ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ

τᾶς καλλιδίφρου τ᾽ ᾿Αθαναίας ἐνκροκέῳ πέπλῳ
ζεύξομαι ἅρματι πώλους, 469
ἐν δαιδαλέαισι ποικίλλουσ᾽ ἀνθοκρόκοισι

πήναις,
Δ ἢ
ἢ Πυτάνων γενεάν,
τὰν Ζεὺς ἀμφιπύρῳ 473
κοιμίζει φλογμῷ Kpovidas ;

ΒΈΘΕΙΨΙΝα THE SacreD VESTMENT OF Patuas. (From the frieze
of the Parthenon, in the British Museum.)

ὦμοι τεκέων ἐμῶν, ἀντ. β'.
ὦμοι πατέρων, χθονός θ᾽, ἃ καπνῷ κατερεί-
πεται
τυφομένα, δορίληπτος
ὑπ᾽ Ἀργεΐων' ἐγὼ δ᾽ ἐν ξείνᾳ χθονὶ δὴ
κέκλημαι

EKABH 47

δούλα. λιποῦσ᾽ ᾿Ασίαν. 481
’ 4 ,
Ktperas θεραπναν

ἀλλαξασ΄, “Aida θαλάμους.

The sacrifice has been offered. Talthybius comes to
fetch Hecuba to perform the funeral rites.

TAAOTBIOS.

΄ 4 4 , 3 > 2 ,
ποῦ τὴν ἄνασσαν δήποτ᾽ οὖσαν ᾽Ιλίου
, \
‘“ExaBny ἂν ἐξεύροιμι, Tpwades κόραι; 485
ΧΟ ec aN & 9. SP > 3 ι θ ,
. αὕτη πέλας σου, νῶτ᾽ ἔχουσ᾽ επὶ γχθονι,
"Γαλθύβιε, κεῖται, συγκεκλημένη πέπλοις.
> » TVY } 4]
[seeing HECUBA lying on the ground.]|
=> - , , , ’ 39. 4 , ea
ἘΑ ὦ Ζεῦ, τί λέξω; πότερα σ᾽ ἀνθρώπους ὁρῶν:
«ἃ δό lA , ὃ A ’
ἢ ὄξαν ἄλλως τήνδε κεκτῆσθαι ματὴν
ψευδῆ, δοκοῦντας δαιμόνων εἶναι γένος, 490
τύχην δὲ πάντα τὰν βροτοῖς ἐπισκοπεῖν 5
οὐχ 90 ἄνασσα τῶν πολυχρύσων Φρυγῶν ;
2 of , - es oo U ,
οὐχ ἥδε Πριάμου τοῦ μέγ᾽ ὀλβίου δάμαρ;
καὶ νῦν πόλις μὲν πᾶσ᾽ ἀνέστηκεν δορί,
. 4 A , + a” > ἢ 4
αὕτη δὲ δούλη, γραῦς, ἄπαις, ἐπὶ χθονὶ 495
A ,
κεῖται. κόνει φύρουσα δύστηνον καρα.
φεῦ φεῦ. γέρων μέν εἰμ᾽: ὅμως δέ μοι θανεῖν
εἴη, πρὶν αἰσχρᾷ περιπεσεῖν τύχη τινί.
> ,
ἀνίστασ᾽, ὦ δύστηνε, καὶ μετάρσιον
b) a A \ ’
πλευραν ἔπαιρε καὶ τὸ παλλευκὸον Kapa. 500
χω + , - “ - a
EK. [slowly rising.| €a* Tis οὗτος σῶμα τοῦμον
οὐκ ἐᾷς
- ’ a 3 “ > ,
κεῖσθαι ; Tl κινεῖς μ᾽, ὅστις εἰ, λυπουμένην ;

ΤΆ.

ΕΚ,

ἜΝ:

EYPITITAOY

TarduBros ἥκω, Δαναϊδῶν ὑπηρέτης,

7A , , mF los , ,
LAYVAMEMLVOVOS TELNVAVTOS, ὦ γυναι, μετα.

[with sudden joy.] ὥ φίλτατ᾽, dpa κἄμ᾽
Ε] ’ ,
ἐπισφάξαι τάφῳ Sor
΄ - > , A
δοκοῦν ‘Axatois ἦλθες ; ws φίλ᾽ dv λέγοις.
σπεύδωμεν, ἐγκονῶμεν, ἡγοῦ μοι, γέρον.
4 “ ΄σ e ¥
[yently.] σὴν παῖδα κατθανοῦσαν ws θάψης,
γύναι,
“ ’ ’; ’
ἥκω μεταστείχων σε' πέμπουσιν δὲ με
δισσοί τ᾽ Ἀτρεῖδαι καὶ λεὼς ᾿Αχαιϊκός, 510
= v , , Ε eee)
[in deep despondency.] οἴμοι. TL λέξεις ; οὐκ ap
ὡς θανουμένους
= ΄ A = ,
μετῆλθες ἡμᾶς, ἀλλὰ σημανῶν Kaka ;
“᾿ 3 a \ ς ~ 3 ἢ
ὄλωλας, ὦ παῖ, μητρὸς ἁρπασθεῖσ᾽ aro
- > ,
ἡμεῖς δ᾽ ἄτεκνοι τοὐπὶ σ᾽" ὦ ταλαιν᾽ ἐγώ.

How did her daughter die ?

= ͵ ; ’ 3 a 9 * ,
πῶς kal viv ἐξεπραξατ᾽ ; ap’ αἰδούμενοι ; 515
«᾿ A A A + 3 e ’ , ,
i] FT POS TO δεινὸν ἤλθεθ᾽, ὡς ἐχθράν, γέρον,
’ 5 , ’ τ ’ὔ ’
κτείνοντες ; εἶπέ, καίπερ οὐ λέξων φίλα.

He tells the story of the sacrifice.

[hardly restraining his tears. | OurAa με χρήζεις
δάκρυα κερδᾶναι, γύναι,
σῆς παιδὸς οἴκτῳ" νῦν τε γὰρ λέγων κακὰ
τέγξω τοῦδ᾽ ὄμμα, πρὸς τάφῳ 0, or’
ὥλλυτο. 520
παρὴν μὲν ὄχλος πᾶς Ἀχαιϊκοῦ στρατοῦ
πλήρης πρὸ τύμβου σῆς κόρης ἐπὶ σφαγάς"

EKABH 49
λαβὼν δ᾽ ᾿Αχιλλέως παῖς ΤΠ ολυξένην χερὸς

Ε ty Se Ὁ , , ΜΝ. ,
ἔστησ᾽ ET ἀκρου χώματος, πέλας δ᾽ ἐγώ:
λεκτοί T ᾿Αχαιῶν ἔκκριτοι νεανίαι B25
σκίρτημα μόσχου σῆς καθέξοντες χεροῖν
Ὡ“᾿ ΄“ να, - A ,
ἕσποντο' πλῆρες δ᾽ ἐν χεροῖν λαβὼν δέπας
πάγχρυσον αἴρει χειρὶ παῖς Ἀχιλλέως
χοὰς θανόντι πατρί: σημαίνει δέ μοι
σιγὴν ᾿Αχαιῶν παντὶ κηρῦξαι στρατῷ. 539
> ,

κἀγὼ παραστὰς εἶπον ἐν μέσοις τάδε:
σιγατ᾽. Ἀχαιοί, σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώς"

’ ;; , δ᾽ Μ 7 ὍΛ
σίγα, σιώπα' νήνεμον ὁ ETTIT ox ov.

The son of Achilles prays to his father.
ὁ δ᾽ εἶπεν, ὦ παῖ Πηλέως, πατὴρ δ᾽ ἐμός,
δέξαι χοάς μοι τάσδε κηλητηρίους. ΤῚΣ
νεκρῶν ἀγωγούς" ἐλθὲ δ᾽, ὡς πίης μέλαν
κόρης ἀκραιφνὲς αἷμ᾽, ὅ σοι δωρούμεθα
στρατός τε KAYO πρευμενὴς δ᾽ ἡμῖν γενοῦ,
λῦσαί τε πρύμνας καὶ χαλινωτήρια
νεῶν δὸς ἡμῖν, πρευμενοῦς τ᾽ ἀπ᾽ ᾿Ιλίου 540
νόστου τυχόντας πάντας ἐς πάτραν μολεῖν.
τοσαῦτ᾽ ἔλεξε, πᾶς δ᾽ ἐπηύξατο στρατός.

Polyxena prays to be allowed to die free.

εἶτ᾽ ἀμφίχρυσον φάσγανον κώπης λαβὼν
ἐξεῖλκε κολεοῦ, λογάσι δ᾽ ᾿Αργείων στρατοῦ
νεανίαις ἔνευσε παρθένον λαβεῖν. 545
ἡ δ᾽, ὡς ἐφράσθη, τόνδ᾽ ἐσήμηνεν λόγον"

EUR. HECUBA rE

50

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

τ \ > A , > = ,

ὦ τὴν ἐμὴν πέρσαντες ᾿Αργεῖοι πόλιν,

ἑκοῦσα θνήσκω: μή τις ἅψηται χροὸς

τοὐμοῦ: παρέξω γὰρ δέρην εὐκαρδίως.

. , , 9 e ’ ’ ,

ἐλευθέραν δέ μ᾽, ὡς ἐλευθερα θάνω, 550
A . -

πρὸς θεῶν μεθέντες κτείνατ᾽- ἐν νεκροῖσι γὰρ
, = \ 5.34 oe ,

δούλη κεκλῆσθαι βασιλὶς οὖσ᾽ αἰσχύνομαι.
4 09 9 , : , > κ

λαοὶ ὃ ἐπερρόθησαν, Ἀγαμέμνων T ἄναξ

εἶπεν μεθεῖναι παρθένον νεανίαις.

[οἱ δ᾽, ὡς τάχιστ᾽ ἤκουσαν ὑστάτην ὕπα, 555

μεθῆκαν, οὗπερ καὶ μέγιστον ἣν κράτος.

Polyxena prepares for the sacrifice.

“ ‘ 49 = / ~ ”
κἀπεὶ τόδ᾽ εἰσήκουσε δεσποτῶν ἔπος.
. ᾿] sv

λαβοῦσα πέπλους ἐξ ἄκρας ἐπωμίδος
a” ’ Ss , 93 >) ,
ἔρρηξε Ma ese εἰς μέσοι παρ ὀμφαλον,
μαστούς τ ᾿ἔδειξε στέρνα θ᾽, ὡς ἀγάλματος
κάλλιστα: καὶ καθεῖσα πρὸς γαῖαν γόνυ
ἔλεξε πάντων τλημονέστατον λόγον" 562
ἰδοὺ TOO’, εἰ μὲν στέρνον, ὦ νεανία,
παίειν προθυμεῖ, παῖσον. εἰ δ᾽ ὑπ’ αὐχένα

’ \ u
xpuCes, πάρεστι λαιμὸς εὐτρεπὴς ὅδε. 565

The sacrifice.

ὁ δ᾽ οὐ θέλων Te καὶ θέλων, οἴκτῳ κόρης,
τέμνει σιδήρῳ πνεύματος διαρροάς'
κρουνοὶ δ᾽ ἐχώρουν" ἡ δὲ καὶ θνήσκουσ᾽ ὅμως
πολλὴν πρόνοιαν εἶχεν εὐσχήμως πεσεῖν,

:
κρύπτουσ᾽ ἃ κρύπτειν ὄμματ᾽ ἀρσένων χρεῶν.

EKABH 51

The Achaeans are eager to do her body honour, and
reproach those who take no part.

ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἀφῆκε πνεῦμα θανασίμῳ σφαγῇ, 571
οὐδεὶς τὸν αὐτὸν εἶχεν ᾿Αργείων πόνον,
ἀλλ᾽ οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν τὴν θανοῦσαν ἐκ χερῶν

φύλλοις ἔβαλλον, οἱ δὲ πληροῦσιν πυρὰν

Tur ΒΑΟΕΒΙΕΙΘῈ oF ῬΟΠΥΧΈΝΑ aT THE ΤῸΜΒ or AcHILLES. (From
the Tabula Iliaca and vase-paintings.)

κορμοὺς φέροντες πευκίνους, | ὁ δ᾽ οὐ φέρων B45
πρὸς τοῦ φεροντος τοιάδ᾽ ἤκουεν κακά"
ἕστηκας, oO κάκιστε, TH νεάνιδι
οὐ πέπλον, οὐδὲ κόσμον ἐν χεροῖν ἔχων :
οὐκ εἶ τι δώσων TH περίσσ᾽ εὐκαρδίῳ

E 2

52 ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

ψυχήν τ᾽ τ ἀρίστη: τοιάδ᾽ ἀμφὶ σῆς λέγω 580
παιδὸς θανούσης" εὐτεκνωτάτην δέ σε
πασῶν γυναικῶν δυστυχεστάτην θ᾽ ὁρῶ.

These evils are from the gods.

XO. δεινόν τι πῆμα ΠΡριαμίδαις ἐπέζεσε
πόλει τε THUY θεῶν ἀναγκαῖον τόδε.

Hecuba muses upon her daughter's noble character. It is
the power of noble birth, which always bears good fruit.
Yet there is something in a good bringing up.

EK. ὦ θύγατερ, οὐκ οἶδ᾽ εἰς 6 τι βλέψω κακῶν,
πολλῶν παρόντων" ἣν γὰρ ἅψωμαί Twos; 586
τόδ᾽ οὐκ ἐᾷ με, παρακαλεῖ δ᾽ ἐκεῖθεν αὖ
λύπη τις ἄλλη διάδοχος κακῶν κακοῖς.
καὶ νῦν τὸ μὲν σὸν ὥστε μὴ στένειν πάθος
οὐκ av δυναίμην ἐξαλείψασθαι φρενός: 59°
τὸ δ᾽ αὖ λίαν παρεῖλες, ἀγγελθεῖσά μοι
γενναῖος {{ οὔκουν δεινόν, εἰ yn μὲν κακὴ
τυχοῦσα καιροῦ θεόθεν εὖ στάχυν φέρει,
χρηστὴ δ᾽ ἁμαρτοῦσ᾽ ὧν χρεὼν αὐτὴν τυχεῖν
κακὸν δίδωσι “καρπόν, ἄνθρωποι δ᾽ ἀεὶ 595
ὁ μὲν πονηρὸς οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν κακός,

ὁ δ᾽ ἐσθλὸς ἐσθλός, οὐδὲ συμφορᾶς ὕ ὕπο
φύσιν διέφθειρ᾽ , ἀλλὰ χρηστός ἐστ᾽ ἀεί;

ap’ οἱ τεκόντες διαφέρουσιν, Fy τροφαί; :

ἔχει γε μέντοι καὶ τὸ θρεφθῆναι καλῶς 600
δίδαξιν ἐσθλοῦ: τοῦτο δ᾽ ἤν τις εὖ μάθη,

EKABH 53

> , 3 Ε] 4 , ΄ - ’
οἶδεν το i alaV pov κανόνι TOU καλοῦ μαθών.
4 ΄ A A ΄- Ε / ,
Kal ταῦτα μεν δὴ vous ἐτόξευσεν ματὴν"

[Turning to TALTHYBIUS. |

Let none touch her daughter until she comes.

σὺ δ᾽ ἐλθὲ καὶ σήμηνον ᾿Αργείοις τάδε,

‘ ’ | eee as 2 Ff »
μὴ θιγγάνειν μοι μηδέν᾽, ἀλλ εἴργειν ὄχλον
τῆς παιδός. ἔν τοι μυρίῳ στρατεύματι 606
ἀκόλαστος ὄχλος ναυτική τ᾽ ἀναρχία
κρείσσων πυρός, κακὸς δ᾽ ὁ μή τι δρῶν κακόν.

She bids her aged attendant fetch water for the lustration.
She will herself do what she can.

σὺ δ᾽ αὖ λαβοῦσα τεῦχος, ἀρχαία λάτρι,
βάψασ᾽ ἔ ἔνεγκε δεῦρο ποντίας ἁλός, 610
ὡς παῖδα λουτροῖς τοῖς πανυστάτοις ἐμὴν
νύμφην τ᾽ ἄνυμφον παρθένον τ᾽ ἀπάρθενον
λούσω προθῶμαί θ᾽, ὡς μὲν ἀξία, πόθεν ;

9 a ’ e > +S , ‘ ,
(οὐκ ἀν δυναίμην") ὡς δ᾽ ἔχω’ τί γάρπαθω:
κόσμον T ἀγείρασ᾽ αἰχμαλωτίδων πάρα, 615
αἵ μοι πάρεδροι τῶνδ᾽ ἔσω σκηνωμάτων
ναίουσιν, εἴ τις τοὺς νεωστὶ δεσπότας

ν΄ ἂν ’ “ ε ~ ,
λαθοῦσ᾽ ἔχει τι κλέμμα τῶν αὑτῆς δόμων.

‘How are the mighty fallen !’

iy , 3 Ε ἥ᾿ 3 9 - ’ὔ
ὦ σχηματ᾽ OLKWY, ὦ TOT εὐτυχεῖς δόμοι,

ὦ πλεῖστ᾽ ἔχων κάλλιστά τ΄, εὐτεκνώτατε 620
/
ΠΡρίαμε, γεραιά θ᾽ ἣδ᾽ ἐγὼ μήτηρ τέκνων.

54

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

¢ 5) ‘ A e/ ,
ὡς ες TO μηδὲν ἥκομεν. φρονήματος
΄ > athe) ,
τοῦ πρὶν στερέντες. εἶτα δῆτ᾽ ὀγκούμεθα
ὁ μέν τις ἡμῶν πλουσίοις ἐν δώμασιν,
e 3- Ὁ , , ,
ὁ δ᾽ ἐν πολίταις τίμιος κεκλημένος. 625
A ’ la ,
τὰ δ᾽ οὐδέν: ἄλλως φροντίδων βουλεύματα,
, -
γλώσσης τε KOUTOL. κεῖνος ὀλβιώτατος,
9 93 / ‘ ’ὔ
ὅτῳ κατ᾽ ἦμαρ τυγχάνει μηδὲν κακόν.

[They all go out. The CHORUS sings.]

‘The curse upon the daughters of Troy and Hellas. Paris
is the cause of all.’

XO.

ἐμοὶ χρῆν συμφοράν, στρ.
ἐμοὶ χρῆν πημονὰν γενέσθαι, 630
᾿Ιδαίαν ὅτε πρῶτον ὕλαν
Ἀλέξανδρος εἰλατίναν
b] ’ὔ θ᾽ “Ἃ 9 5 ΒΝ ,
ἐτάμεθ΄. ἅλιον eT οἰὸμα ναυστολήσων
“Ἑλένας ἐπὶ λέκτρα, τὰν

καλλίσταν ὁ χρυσοφαὴῆς 635
Ἅλιος αὐγάζει.
πόνοι γὰρ καὶ πόνων ἀντ.

ἀνάγκαι κρείσσονες κυκλοῦνται.
κοινὸν δ᾽ ἐξ ἰδίας ἀνοίας 640
κακὸν τᾷ Σιμουντίδι ve
ὀλέθριον ἔμολε, συμφορά τ᾽ ἀπ᾽ ἄλλων.
ἐκρίθη 0 3 ἔρις, ἂν ἐν Ἢ
δα κρίνει τρισσὰς μακάρων 645
παῖδας ὦ ἀνὴρ βούτας,
eT WO.
ἐπὶ δορὶ καὶ φόνῳ Kat ἐμῶν μελάθρων λώβαᾳ'

EKABH 55

στένει δὲ Kal τις ἀμφὶ τὸν εὕροον Εὐρώταν
Λάκαινα πολυδάκρυτος ἐν δόμοις κόρα, 651

πολιόν T ἐπὶ κρᾶτα μάτηρ

τέκνων θανόντων τίθεται

χέρα, δρύπτεταί τε παρειὰν 655
δίαιμον ὄνυχα τιθεμένα σπαραγμοῖς.

[The aged female attendant returns, bearing the body of
POLYDORUS, covered with a cloth.]

Tur JupGMENT oF Paris, (From vase-paintings.)

ΘΕΡΑΠΑΙΝΑ.
γυναῖκες, ᾿κάβὴ ποῦ ποθ᾽ ἡ παναθλία,
ἡ πάντα νικῶσ᾽ ἄνδρα καὶ θῆλυν σπορὰν
- τὶ A , ᾿) ,
κακοῖσιν ; οὐδεὶς στέφανον ἀνθαιρήσεται. 660

56
XO.

OE.

EK.

EK.

OE.

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

τί δ᾽, ὦ τάλαινα σῆς κακογλώσσου βοῆς;

e » 3 ο᾽ , ’

ὡς οὔποθ᾽ εὕδει λυπρά σου κηρύγματα.

ExaBy φέρω τόδ᾽ ἄλγος" ἐν κακοῖσι δὲ

οὐ ῥᾷάδιον βροτοῖσιν εὐφημεῖν στόμα.

[HECUBA enters from the tents behind.]

A ‘ ΄σ , , or

καὶ μὴν περῶσα τυγχάνει δόμων ὕπο 6ό5

α'᾽ 9. 9 ‘ \ a , ,

HO’, ἐς δὲ καιρὸν σοῖσι φαίνεται λόγοις.

“- , 9 - A ,

ὦ παντάλαινα, KaTt μάλλον ἢ λέγω,

δέσποιν", ὄλωλας, οὐκέτ᾽ εἶ βλέπουσα φῶς,

ἄπαις, ἄνανδρος, ἄπολις ἐξεφθαρμένη.

οὐ καινὸν εἶπας. εἰδόσιν δ᾽ ὠνείδισας. 670

[seeing the corpse.]

ἀτὰρ τί νεκρὸν τόνδε μοι ΠΠολυξένης

ἥκεις κομίζουσ᾽, ἧς ἀπηγγέλθη τάφος

πάντων ᾿Αχαιῶν διὰ χερὸς σπουδὴν ἔχειν ;

[aside] 70° οὐδὲν οἶδεν, ἀλλά μοι [Πολυξένην

θρηνεῖ, νέων δὲ πημάτων οὐχ ἅπτεται. 675
ὶ ᾽γὼ τάλαινα, μῶν τὸ βακχεῖον κάρα

τῆς θεσπιῳδοῦ δεῦρο ΚΚασάνδρας φέρεις ;

ζῶσαν λέλακας, τὸν θανόντα δ᾽ οὐ στένεις

τόνδ᾽. [uncovering the body.] ἀλλ᾽ ἄθρησον

σῶμα γυμνωθὲν νεκροῦ,
εἴ σοι φανεῖται θαῦμα καὶ παρ᾽ ἐλπίδας. 680

Hecuba recognizes her son, and breaks out into cries
of grief.

EK.

οἴμοι, βλέπω On παῖδ᾽ ἐμὸν τεθνηκότα
Πολύδωρον, ὅν μοι Θρὴξ ἔσῳζ᾽ οἴκοις ἀνήρ.

OE.
EK.

XO.

EK.

OE.

EK.

ΘΕ,

EK.

EKABH 57

ἀπωλόμην δύστηνος. οὐκέτ᾽ εἰμὶ δή.
ὦ τέκνον, τέκνον,
αἰαῖ, κατάρχομαι νόμον 685
βακχεῖον, ἐξ ἀλάστορος
ἀρτιμαθὴς κακῶν.
ἔγνως γὰρ ἄτην παιδός, ὦ w δύστηνε σύ;
ἄπιστ᾽ ἄπιστα, καινὰ καινὰ δέρκομαι.
ἕτερα δ᾽ ἀφ᾽ ἑτέρων κακὰ κακῶν κυρεῖ: 690
οὐδέποτ᾽ ἀστένακτος, ἀδάκρυτος ἁμέρα ἐπι-
;
σχήσει.
δείν᾽, ὦ τάλαινα, δεινὰ πάσχομεν κακά.

How did he die 9

= ,
ὦ τέκνον, τέκνον ταλαίνας ματρός, 695
4 A
τίνι μόρῳ θνήσκεις. τίνι πότμῳ κεῖσαι ; πρὸς
τίνος ἀνθρώπων ;
Ε “9 ᾿ς oa - A ,
οὐκ O10. ἐπ᾽ ἀκταῖς νιν κυρῶ θαλασσίαις.
4 \ , U ,
ἔκβλητον, ἢ πέσημα φοινίου δορός,
9 ’ ΄-΄Φ
εν ψαμάθῳ λευρᾳ; 700
, 9 , , ,
πόντου νιν ἐξήνεγκε πελαάγίιος κλύδων.

Alas! her dream has come true.

” ~ a + ° ,

ὦμοι, αἰαῖ, ἔμαθον ἕνυπνον ὀμμάτων

Paes. ” 2QA , “ ,

ἐμῶν ὄψιν. οὐδὲ παρέβα με φασμα μελανό-
TTEPOY,

aA 9 ὃ ° 4 / 5 9 + A

av εἰσεῖδον audi τέκνον. οὐκέτ᾽ ὄντα Διὸς
’ ,
ev φαει.

σι
C*

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

Who was the murderer ?

τίς γάρ νιν ἔκτειν᾽ : οἷσθ᾽ νει op wy
‘
: ; porr
paras ;
» 4 » Ἀ , / e ,
ἐμὸς ἐμὸς Eévos, Θρήκιος ἱππότας, 710
a3 We , " ” , ,
ἵν᾿ ὁ γέρων πατήρ ἔθετό νιν κρύψας.
y+ 7 ir ‘ e ΕΣ 2
ὦμοι, TL λεξεις ; χρυσὸν ὡς ἔχοι κτανῶν ;
/ ,
ἄρρητ΄. ἀνωνόμαστα, θαυμάτων πέρα,
, -
οὐχ Oot, οὐδ᾽ ἀνεκτα. ποῦ δίκα ξένων ; 715
> ’ 9 ~ ,
ὦ καταρατ ἀνδρῶν, ὡς διεμοιράσω
,

χρόα, σιδαρέῳ τεμὼν φασγάνῳ

’ ~ , 909 »
μέλεα τοῦδε παιδός, οὐδ᾽ ᾧκτισας. 720
a ~ 7 ~
ὦ τλῆμον. ὡς σε πολυπονωτάτην βροτῶν
δαίμων ἔθηκεν. ὕστις ἐστί σοι βαρύς.

[AGAMEMNON is seen entering from the back.|
ἀλλ᾽ εἰσορῶ γὰρ τοῦδε δεσπότου δέμας
‘A yauéuvovos, τοὐνθένδε σιγῶμεν, φίλαι. 725

ATAMEMNON.

He chides Hecuba for her delay.

Ἑκάβη. τί μέλλεις παῖδα σὴν κρύπτειν τάφῳ
ἐλθοῦσ᾽ ἐφ᾽ οἵσπερ TarOuBros ἤγγειλέ μοι
μὴ θιγγάνειν σῆς μηδέν᾽ ᾿Αργείων κόρης:
ἡμεῖς μὲν οὖν ἐῶμεν, οὐδὲ ψιαύομεν"

σὺ δὲ σχολάζεις. ὥστε θαυμάζειν ἐμέ. 730
ἥκω δ᾽ ἀποστελῶν σε; τἀκεῖθεν γὰρ εὖ

ὌΨΙ

EKABH 59

3.9 9 , v ΄ 9 ’ \
πεπραγμεν ETTLY, [sadly] εἴ τι τῶνδ᾽ ἐστὶν
καλῶς.

[seeing the corpse] ἔα" τίν᾽ ἄνδρα τονδ᾽ ἐπὶ σκηναῖς ὁρῶ

ΕΚ.

AY.

EK,

ΑΓ.

ΕΚ.

AY.

EK.

θανόντα Tpdwy ; οὐ “γὰρ Ἀργείων, πέπλοι
δέμας περιπτύσσοντες ἀγγέλλουσί μοι. 735
[aside with her back to AGAMEMNON. | δύστην᾽.
ἐμαυτὴν γὰρ λέγω λέγουσα σε,
καβη, τί δράσω: πότερα προσπέσω γόνυ
"A , ὌΝ s\ , ~ 7
γαμεμνονος Tove , ἢ PEepw σιγὴ Kaka ;
[wonderingly.] τί μοι προσώπῳ νῶτον
ἐγκλίνασα σὸν 739
δύρει. τὸ πραχθὲν δ᾽ οὐ λέγεις, τίς ἔσθ᾽ ὅδε.
[aside.] ἀλλ᾽ εἴ μεδούλην πολεμίαν θ᾽ ἡγούμενος
’ 3
γονάτων ἀπώσαιτ᾽, ἄλγος ἂν προσθείμεθα.
’ /
οὔτοι πέφυκα μάντις, ὥστε μὴ κλύων
ἐξιστορῆσαι σῶν ὁδὸν βουλευμάτων. "44
[aside.] ap ἐκλογίζομαί γε πρὸς τὸ δυσμενὲς
΄σ , “9 + >] A ~
μᾶλλον φρένας τοῦδ᾽, ὄντος οὐχὶ δυσμενοῦς :
[hotly.] εἴ τοί με βούλει τῶνδε μηδὲν εἰδέναι,
’ > 5% “ A ‘ a ee A ,
ἐς ταὐτὸν ἥκεις" καὶ yap οὐδ᾽ ἐγὼ κλύειν.
[aside.] οὐκ ὧν δυναίμην τοῦδε τιμωρεῖν ἄτερ
τέκνοισι τοῖς ἐμοῖσι. τί στρέφω τάδε: 750
las a 6
τολμᾶν ἀνάγκη. καν τύχω κἂν μὴ τύχο.

[She turns to AGAMEMNON and kneels before him in
supplication, touching his hand and beard.]|

AT.

Ἀγάμεμνον, ἱκετεύω σε τῶνδε γουνάτων

καὶ σοῦ γενείου δεξιᾶς τ΄ εὐδαίμονος.

τί χρῆμα μαστεύουσα : μῶν ἐλεύθερον
αἰῶνα θέσθαι: ῥάδιον γάρ ἐστί σοι. 455

60 ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

ΕΚ. οὐ δῆτα: τοὺς κακοὺς δὲ τιμωρουμένη,
Ἰὼ A , “ ,
αἰῶνα TOV ξύμπαντα δουλεῦσαι θέλω.
~ , -
AT. καὶ δὴ τίν᾽ ἡμᾶς εἰς ἐπάρκεσιν καλεῖς ;
EK. οὐδέν τι τούτων ὧν σὺ δοξάζεις, ἄναξ.

[pointing to the body.| opas νεκρὸν τόνδ᾽, οὗ κατα-

AD’:
EK.
a.
ΕΚ.
"ἘΠ
ΕΚ.
AI.

EK.

AT.
ΒΚ.
AT.

στάζω δάκρυ ; 760
ε ΄“ 9 + -
ope τὸ μέντοι μέλλον οὐκ ἔχω μαθεῖν.
τοῦτον ποτ᾽ ἔτεκον ν κἄφερον ζώνης ὕ ὑπο.
ἔστιν δὲ τίς σῶν οὗτος, ὦ τλῆμον, τέκνων :
οὐ τῶν θανόντων Πριαμιδῶν ὑ ὑπ᾽ ᾿Ιλίῳ.
> ' ee ἃ 39) «ἢ U ,
ἢ yap Tw ἄλλον ἔτεκες ἢ κείνους, γύναι; 765
ἀνόνητά γ΄, ὡς ἔοικε, TOVO ὃν εἰσορᾷς.
“ ἄγος ταῦ ΜΝ 5) eet ae ὧν ,
ποῦ δ᾽ ὧν ετυγχαν᾽, ἡνίκ᾽ wAAVTO πτολις ;
, 9 , ᾿] A a
πατήρ νιν ἐξέπεμψεν, ὀρρωδῶν θανεῖν.
ποῖ τῶν τότ᾽ ὄντων χωρίσας τέκνων μόνον ;
ἢ , , : Ἐν ,ὕ
ες τήνδε χώραν, οὐπέρ ηὑρέθη θανών. 779
Ἁ ” ὃ ς ral 937 ~ ὃ i} ,
πρὸς ἀνὸρ᾽, os ἄρχει τῆσθε ἰϊολυμήστωρ
χθονός ;
ἐνταῦθ᾽ ἐπέμφθη πικροτάτου χρυσοῦ φύλαξ.
θνήσκει δὲ πρὸς τοῦ καὶ τίνος πότμου τυχών ;
τίνος δ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ἄλλου ; Θρήξ νιν ὥλεσε ἕένος.
= ~ > A , A
ὦ τλῆμον, ἦ που χρυσὸν ἠράσθη λαβεῖν : 78
oto " δ) ‘ ἊΨ Φ
τοιαῦτ᾽, ἐπειδή ξυμφορὰν ἔγνω ρυγῶν.
ηὗρες δὲ ποῦ νιν, ἢ τίς ἤνεγκεν νεκρόν ; :
[pointing to the attendant. | nO’, ἐντυχοῦσα πον-
τίας ἀκτῆς ἔπι.
΄ , 5 « ΄“- 9 4 , 4
τοῦτον ματεύουσ΄, ἢ πονοῦσ᾽ ἄλλον πόνον ;
λούτρ᾽ ᾧχετ᾽ οἴσουσ᾽ ἐξ ἁλὸς ΠΙολυξένη. 78ο
, ς 3 3 ’ ,
κτανών νιν, ὡς ἔοικεν. ἐκβάλλει E€vos.

eee

EK.

AY.
EK.
AY.
EK.

EKABH 61

θαλασσόπλαγκτόν γ᾽: woe [pointing to the
wounds on the body.] διατεμὼν χρόα.

ὦ σχετλία σὺ τῶν ἀμετρήτων πόνων.

ὄλωλα, κοὐδὲν λοιπόν, Ἀγάμεμνον, κακῶν.

φεῦ φεῦ: τίς οὕτω δυστυχὴς ἔφυ γυνή; 785

οὐκ ἔστιν, εἰ μὴ τὴν τύχην αὐτὴν λέγοις.

She appeals to Agamemnon.

ἀλλ᾽ ὦνπερ οὕνεκ᾽ ἀμφὶ σὸν πίπτω γόνυ,
ἄκουσον" εἰ μὲν ὅσιά σοι παθεῖν δοκῶ.
στέργοιμ᾽ ἄν: εἰ δὲ τοὔμπαλιν, σύ μοι γενοῦ
τιμωρὸς ἀνδρὸς ἀνοσιωτάτου ξένου, 790
ὃς οὔτε τοὺς vis, νέρθεν οὔτε τοὺς ἄνω
δείσας δέδρακεν ἔ ἔργον ἀνοσιώτατον"

κοινῆς τραπέζης πολλάκις συχῶν ἐμοί,
ξενίας τ᾽ ἀριθμῷ πρῶτος ὧν ἐμῶν ξένων.
τυχὼν δ᾽ ὅσων δεῖ καὶ λαβὼν προμηθίαν, 795
ἔκτεινε, τύμβου O, εἰ κτανεῖν ἐβούλετο.

οὐκ ἠξίωσεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀφῆκε πόντιον.

Nothing is mightier than law. Let Agamemnon beware
of disregarding it.

e a A > “ , " ΄- ἂν
ἡμεῖς μὲν οὖν δοῦλοί τε κἀσθενεῖς ἴσως"
3 3 ε A ’ 93 , a
ἀλλ᾽ ot θεοὶ σθένουσι yw κείνων κρατῶν
, , A A
νόμος" νόμῳ γὰρ τοὺς θεοὺς ἡγούμεθα, 800
A ~ + A
Kal ζῶμεν ἄδικα καὶ δίκαι᾽ ὡρισμένοι"
εἴ 9 \
ὃς εἰς © ἀνελθὼν εἰ διαφθαρήσεται,
‘ ᾿ , , ef ,
καὶ μὴ δίκην δώσουσιν οἵτινες ξένους
xX A A A
κτείνουσιν ἢ θεῶν ipa τολμῶσιν φέρειν,

62

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἴσον. 805
ταῦτ᾽ οὖν ἐν αἰσχρῷ θέμενος αἰδέσθητί με,
οἴκτειρον ἡμᾶς, ὡς γραφεύς τ᾽ ἀποσταθεὶς
ἰδοῦ με κἀνάθρησον ot’ ἔχω κακά.

ΑΝ Artist at Work. (From Pompeian wall-paintings.)

, > 9 3 4 - , ,
τύραννος ἣν ποτ΄. ἀλλα νῦν δούλη σέθεν,
, 3 ® - Α ΄ V4 3 δ
εὔπαις TOT οὖσα, νῦν δὲ γραῦς ἀπαις θ᾽ ἅμα,
+ »᾿ ’ , ~
ἄπολις, ἔρημος, ἀαθλιωτατὴ βροτῶν. 811
[AGAMEMNON makes as though he would go ατσαῃ.}

EKABH

Ov
ωλ

» , - 3, ἃ , ,
οἴμοι τάλαινα, ποῖ μ᾽ ὑπεξάγεις πόδα.
cA , “Δ, D> Sy. a ,
ἔοικα πράξειν οὐδέν: ὦ Tadaw ἐγώ.

Hecuba laments that she has not learnt the art of per-
suasion.

τί δῆτα θνητοὶ τᾶλλα μὲν μαθήματα

A , A
μοχθοῦμεν ὡς χρὴ πάντα Kal μαστεύομεν,
Α A ‘ / ’ ’ὔ ,
πειθὼ δὲ THY τύραννον ἀνθρώποις μόνην 816
’ , ΄σ " ,ὔ ,
οὐδέν" τι μάλλον ἐς τέλος σπουδάζομεν
‘ , ’ Ἐν ἃ x
μισθοὺς διδόντες μανθάνειν, ἵν᾿ ἣν ποτὲ
, e , , rt
, πείθειν a τις βούλοιτο, τυγχάνειν θ᾽ ἅμα;
A > v3 ἂν Ε , Ud “
πῶς οὖν ἔτ᾽ av τις ἐλπίσαι πράξειν καλῶς:
A and a
Ol μὲν τοσοῦτοι παῖδες οὐκέτ᾽ εἰσί μοι. 821
>) A 9 - ,
αὐτὴ δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ αἰσχροῖς αἰχμάλωτος οἴχομαι"
A A ’ ’ 3 . .
καπνὸν δὲ πόλεως τόνδ᾽ [pointing to the smoke
>
rising from the plain of Troy.]| ὑπερθρῳσκονθ
ὁρῶ.

She appeals to him by his love for Cassandra, her
daughter.
Kal μήν,---ἴσως μὲν TOU λόγου κενὸν τόδε,
Κύπριν προβάλλειν" ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως εἰρήσεται:
πρὸς σοῖσι πλευροῖς παῖς ἐμὴ κοιμίζεται 826
7 φοιβὰς ἣ ἣν καλοῦσι Κασάνὸδρ a Φρύγες.
ποῦ τὰς φίλας δητ᾽ εὐφρόνας lea ava€,
ἢ τῶν ἐν εὐνῇ φιλτάτων ἀσπασμάτων
χάριν τίν ᾿ ἕξει παῖς ἐμή, κείνης δ᾽ ἐγώ; 830
ἄκουε δή νυν’ τὸν θανόντα τόνδ᾽ ὁρᾳς;

ων

τοῦτον καλῶς δρῶν ὄντα κηδεστὴν σέθεν

64 ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ

, e ’ lad 3 ‘ »᾿

δράσεις. ἑνός μοι μῦθος ἐνδεὴς ἔτι. 835
[with impassioned earnestness.| εἴ μοι γένοιτο

φθόγγος ¢ ἐν βραχίοσι
καὶ χερσὶ καὶ κόμαισι καὶ ποδῶν βάσει,
ἢ Δαιδάλου τέχναισιν ἢ θεῶν τινός,

’ A “A
ws wav? ὁμαρτῆ σῶν ἔχοιτο γουνάτων
κλαίοντ᾽, ἐπισκήπτοντα παντοίους λόγους.
2 = ;
ὦ δέσποτ᾽, ὦ μέγιστον “Ἑλλησιν aos, 841
πιθοῦ, παράσχες χεῖρα TH πρεσβύτιδι

, 5 x , . 7 9 5s Ψ

τιμωρὸν, εἰ καί μηδέν ἐστιν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως.
Ε ~ A “ A la , 5. 4€ A
ἐσθλοῦ yap ἀνδρὸς τῆ δίκη θ᾽ ὑπηρετεῖν
καὶ τοὺς κακοὺς δρᾶν πανταχοῦ κακῶς ἀεί, 845

Strange is the irony of fate.

XO. δεινόν γε, θνητοῖς ὡς ἅπαντα συμπίτνει"
καὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας οἱ νόμοι διώρισαν,
φίλους τιθέντες τούς γε πολεμιωτάτους,
ἐχθρούς τε τοὺς πρὶν εὐμενεῖς ποιούμενοι.

Agamemnon would help her if he could, but he fears the
army.
AT. [doubtfully.] ἐγὼ σὲ Kat σὸν παῖδα καὶ τύχας
σέθεν, 850
Ἑκάβη, Ov οἴκτου χεῖρά θ᾽ ἱκεσίαν ἔχω,
καὶ βούλομαι θεῶν θ᾽ οὕνεκ᾽ ἀνόσιον ξένον
καὶ τοῦ δικαίου τήνδε σοι δοῦναι δίκην,
9 / 5 er. δ 2 + ~
εἴ πως paren γ᾽ ὥστε σοί T ἔχειν καλῶς,
,
στρατῷ Te μὴ δόξαιμι Κασάνδρας χάριν 855
Θρήκης ἄνακτι τόνδε βουλεῦσαι φόνον.

ΕΚ.

EKABH 65

-
e

ἔστιν γὰρ ἣ ταραγμὸς ἐμπέπτωκέ OL"

τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον φίλιον ἡγεῖται στρατός,

τὸν κατθανόντα δ᾽ ἐχθρόν' εἰ δὲ σοὶ φίλος

ὅδ᾽ ἐστί, χωρὶς τοῦτο KOU κοινὸν στρατῷ. 86ο

πρὸς ταῦτα φρόντιζ᾽ ὡς θέλοντα μέν μ᾽
ἔχεις

σοὶ ξυμπονῆσαι καὶ ταχὺν προσαρκέσαι,

βραδὺν δ᾽, ᾿Αχαιοῖς εἰ διαβληθήσομαι.

[ bitterly. | φεῦ"

οὐκ ἔστι θνητῶν ὕστις ἔστ᾽ ἐλεύθερος"

ἢ χρημάτων γὰρ δοῦλός ἐστιν ἢ τύχης, 865

ἢ πλῆθος αὐτὸν πόλεος ἢ ἢ ψόμων γραφαὶ

εἴργουσι χρῆσθαι μὴ κατὰ γνώμην τρόποις.

Let Agamemnon at least allow her to take vengeance on
Polymestor.

AT.

ἐπεὶ δὲ ταρβεῖς τῷ τ᾽ ὄχλῳ πλέον νέμεις,
ἐγώ σε θήσω τοῦδ᾽ ἐλεύθερον φόβου.
ξύνισθι μὲν γάρ, ἤν τι βουλεύσω κακὸν 870
τῷ τόνδ᾽ ἀποκτείναντι, συνδράσης δὲ μή.

ἣν δ᾽ ἐξ Ἂ χαιῶν θόρυβος ἢ ἢ ᾿πικουρία
πάσχοντος ἀνδρὸς Θρῃκὸς, οἷα πείσεται
φανῆ τις, εἶργε μὴ δοκῶν ἐ ἐμὴν Χάριν. 874
τὰ δ᾽ ἄλλα, θάρσει, πάντ᾽ ἐγὼ θήσω καλῶς.

What does Hecuba mean to do ?
~ Oy , r , ,
πῶς οὖν; τι δράσεις ; πότερα φασγανον
χερὶ

λαβοῦσα γραίᾳ φῶτα βάρβαρον κτενεῖς,

EUR. HECUBA F

66

ΕΚ.

AY.
EK.
AD’
EK.
AY.
EK.

ἍΤ,

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

I Ul a9 , ,
ἢ φαρμαάκοισιν, ἢ ᾿πικουρίᾳ τίνι ;
; , , , ,
τίς σοι ξυνέσται χείρ ; πόθεν κτήσει φίλους ;
[pointing to the tents of the Trojan women. | στέγαι
, 2 e ’ yx
κεκεύθασ᾽ aide 'I'pmadwy ὄχλον. 88ο
Ν ς ’ > ε , x
τὰς αἰχμαλώτους εἶπας, Ελλήνων ἄγραν;
ξὺν ταῖσδε τὸν ἐμὸν φονέα τιμωρήσομαι.
καὶ πῶς γυναιξὶν ἀρσένων ἔσται κράτος;
\ \ ΄ Α , ,
δεινὸν τὸ πλῆθος, ξὺν δόλῳ τε δύσμαχον.
, A ’ “ ’ ’
δεινόν: τὸ μέντοι θῆλυ μέμφομαι γένος. 885
’ὔ °° "9 a Ω Ae / ,
τί δ᾽ ; ov γυναῖκες εἷλον Αἰγύπτου τέκνα,
A ~ ΕΣ νι ’; Ψ ,
καὶ Λῆμνον ἄρδην ἀρσένων ἐξῴκισαν ;
ἀλλ᾽ ὡς γενέσθω: τόνδε μὲν μέθες λόγον,
πέμψον δέ μοι τήνδ᾽ ἀσφαλῶς διὰ στρατοῦ
γυναῖκα. [turning to the attendant.] Kal ov
4A a“ ,
Θρηκὶ πλαθεῖσα ξένῳ 890
λέξον, Kade? σ᾽ ἄνασσα δήποτ᾽ ᾽Ιλίου
ε ’ \ ’ 3 « , ,
ExaGy, cov οὐκ ἔλασσον ἢ κείνης χρέος,
A a e ~ A , 5 “Ν᾽, ,
Kat παῖδας" ὡς δεῖ Kal τέκν᾽ εἰδέναι λόγους
4 9 " ’ A 4A ~
TOUS ἐξ εκείνης. [to AGAMEMNON.] τὸν δὲ τῆς
νεοσφαγοῦς
ΠΟολυξένης ἐπίσχες, ᾿Αγάμεβνον, τάφον, 895
ὡς τώδ᾽ ἀδελφὼ πλησίον μιᾷ φλογί,
δισσὴ μέριμνα μητρί, κρυφθῆτον χθονί.
Hecuba’s prayer prevails.
[doubtfully and with evident reluctance.] ἔσται
τάδ᾽ οὕτως" καὶ γὰρ εἰ μὲν ἣν στρατῷ
πλοῦς, οὐκ ἂν εἶχον τήνδε σοι δοῦναι χάριν"
~ 3 ’ Ν e 3 a ἈΕ A ,
νῦν δ᾽, ov yap ino’ οὐρίας πνοὰς θεὸς, goo

EKABH 67

μένειν ἀνάγκη πλοῦν ὁρῶντας ἥσυχον.
γένοιτο, δ᾽ εὖ πως" πᾶσι γὰρ κοινὸν τόδε,
ἰδίᾳ θ᾽ ἑκάστῳ καὶ πόλει, τὸν μὲν κακὸν
κακόν τι πάσχειν, τὸν δὲ χρηστὸν εὐτυχεῖν.

[The body of PoLYDORUS is carried out. ΑἸ leave the
stage, except HECUBA, who remains wrapped in

thought}.
[The CHORUS sings. |
‘The Capture of Troy.’
XO. σὺ μέν, ὦ πατρὶς Ἰλιάς, στρ. α΄.

τῶν ἀπορθήτων πόλις οὐκέτι λέξει"
A ,
τοῖον ‘EXXavev νέφος ἀμφί σε κρύπτει
δορὶ δὴ δορὶ πέρσαν.
ἣν A A , ,
ἀπὸ δὲ στεῴφαναν κέκαρσαι 91ο
A ,
πύργων, κατὰ δ᾽ αἰθάλου
κηλιδ᾽ οἰκτροτάταν κέχρωσαι'
τάλαιν᾽, οὐκέτι σ᾽ ἐμβατεύσω.
μεσονύκτιος ὠλλύμαν, ἀντ. α΄.
> 3 , “ ει “ 5 ἣν
ἦμος ἐκ δείπνων ὕπνος ἡδὺς ἐπ᾽ ὄσσοις 915
σκίδναται, μολπᾶν δ᾽ ἄπο καὶ χοροποιῶν
θυσιῶν καταπαύσας
, > , a4
πόσις ev θαλάμοις ἔκειτο,
ξυστὸν δ᾽ ἐπὶ πασσάλῳ, 920
’, » FAS ὁ ~ Ὁ
ναύταν οὐκεθ΄ ὁρῶν ὃμιλον
Τροίαν ᾿Ιλιαδ᾽ ἐμβεβῶτα.
9 A A , ’ ,
ἐγὼ δὲ πλόκαμον ἀναδέτοις στρ. β΄.
μίτραισιν ἐρρυθμιζόμαν
Χρυσέων ἐνόπτρων. 925
λεύσσουσ᾽ ἀτέρμονας εἰς αὐγάς,
F 2

68 EYPITITAOYT

, , e 7 pe) >) ,
ἐπιδέμνιος ὡς πέσοιμ᾽ ἐς εὐνάν.
‘ /
ava δὲ κέλαδος ἔμολε πόλιν'
, ἊΣ Dy ΞὺΨ , par 2
κέλευσμα δ᾽ ἣν κατ᾽ ἀστυ 'Προίας τόδ᾽: ὦ
a c U , A , 4
παῖδες ‘EXXavwv, πότε δὴ πότε τὰν 930
9 ’ N ἢ e > ν
Ιλιάδα σκοπιὰν πέρσαντες ἥξετ᾽ οἴκους ;
, A / /
λέχη de φίλια μονόπεπλος ἀντ. β΄.
λιποῦσα, Δωρὶς ὡς κόρα,

wen

Lapy wito A Mirror. (From a vase-painting.)

A , 9
σεμναν προσίζουσ 935
’ + 9 ς ’
οὐκ ἤνυσ᾽ ἼἌρτεμιν a τλάμων"
»᾿ δὲ / 5 ὃ 1 ΨΥ “
ἄγομαι de θανόντ᾽ dove ἀκοίταν
A ee “ Ror A /
Tov ἐμὸν ἁλιον ἔπι πέλαγος,
’ - ae: ) Ca) 9 A 7
πόλιν τ΄ ἀποσκοποῦσ΄. ἐπεὶ νόστιμον
΄ 3. ἢ 7 , 5 5 Ἁ ~
ναῦς ἐκίνησεν πόδα καί μ᾽ ἀπὸ γᾶς 940
“ 3 / / 9 3 a x
ὠρισεν I\iados, ταλαιν᾽, ἀπεῖπον ἄλγει,

EKABH 69

τὰν τοῖν Διοσκόροιν “Ἑλέναν κάσιν ᾿Ιδαῖόν
τε βούταν ἐπῳὸ,
. ’ , pO, , , ~
αἰνόπαριν κατάρᾳ διδοῦσ᾽, ἐπεί pe yas 940
ἐκ πατρῴας ἀπώλεσεν

at Ss
Iti =

PaRis CARRYING AWAY Hetey. (From a relief in the British
Museum.)

“ὦ , " ” , " , - “
ἐξῴκισέν T οἴκὼν γάμος, οὐ γαμος, αλλ

ο , , 347

ἀλάστορος τις ot Cus" 950
6 , , ef " , ,
av pyre πέλαγος ἅλιον ἀπαγάγοι παλιν,

la el > >
μήτε πατρῷον IKOLT ἐς οἶκον.

70 EYPIMAOY

[ POLYMESTOR enters, dressed as a Thracian king, and carry-
ing two spears. He is accompanied by his children and

attendants. He speaks to HECUBA with hypocritical
sympathy.|

TlIOATMHS TOP.

ὦ φίλτατ᾽ ἀνδρῶν Πρίαμε, φιλτάτη δὲ σύ,
καβη, δακρύω σ᾽ εἰσορῶν πόλιν τε σήν,
τήν T ἀρτίως θανοῦσαν ἔκγονον σέθεν. 955

A Kine wirn two Sceprres, ΙΝ Puryeian or ΤΉΒΛΟΙΑΝ Dress,
(From a vase-painting from Canosa.)

ευ"
οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν πιστὸν οὔτ᾽ εὐδοξία
οὔτ᾽ αὖ καλῶς πράσσοντα μὴ πράξειν κακῶς.
φύρουσι δ᾽ αὐτὰ θεοὶ πάλιν τε καὶ πρόσω,
ταραγμὸν ἐντιθέντες, ὡς ἀγνωσίᾳ

EK.

EKABH 71

σέβωμεν αὐτούς: ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν τί δεῖ 960
θρηνεῖν, προκόπτοντ᾽. οὐδὲν ἐς πρόσθεν κακῶν;
σὺ δ᾽ εἴ τι μέμφει τῆς ἐμῆς ἀπουσίας,

axes" τυγχάνω γὰρ ἐν πρό. Θρήκης ὅ Opots
ἀπών, ὅτ᾽ ἦλθες δεῦρ᾽" ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἀφικόμην,
» ,
ἤδη πόδ᾽ ἔξω δωμάτων αἴροντί μοι 965
’ " \ “ ’ 4 ,
ἐς ταὐτὸν HOE συμπίτνει Ouwis σέθεν,
λέγουσα μύθους ὧν κλύων ἀφικόμην.
[keeping her face ατογέεα.] αἰσχύνομαί σε προσ-

βλέπειν ἐναντίον,

ΠΟολυμῆστορ, ἐν τοιοῖσδε κειμένη κακοῖς.
δ“ ‘ 4 5) ὥι" ἃ “Δ. Ἵν
ὅτῳ yap ὠφθην εὐτυχοῦσ΄. αἰδώς μ ἔχει 970
ἐν τῷδε πότμῳ τυγχάνουσ᾽, ἵν᾽ εἰμὶ νῦν,

3 Ι , 3 na
κοὐκ ἄν δυναίμην προσβλέπειν σ᾽ ὀρθαῖς

κόραις.

ἀλλ᾽ αὐτὸ μὴ δύσνοιαν ἡγήση σέθεν,
Π ἘΞ » ioe heed ley

ολυμήῆστορ' ἄλλως δ᾽ αἴτιόν τι καὶ νόμος,
γυναῖκας ἀνδρῶν μὴ βλέπειν ἐναντίον. 975

Polymestor asks why Hecuba has sent for him.

TIOATM. καὶ θαῦμα γ᾽ οὐδέν. ἀλλὰ τίς χρεία

EK.

" “
σ᾽ ἐμοῦ ;

Uy ee ΝΣ, , A ee τ᾿ , /
τι χρῆμ ἐπέμψω τὸν ἐμὸν ἐκ δόμων πόδα ;
» 9 ΄ , \ A ,
ἴδιον ἐμαυτῆς δή τι προς σε βούλομαι

\ a - ,ὔ , ,
καὶ παῖδας εἰπεῖν σούς: ὁπάονας δὲ μοι

A ’ὔ ~ 9 ~

χωρίς κέλευσον τῶνδ᾽ πόδα δόμων. 980

IOATM. [to his attendants. | χωρεῖτ᾽. ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ

γὰρ ηδ᾽ ἐρημία.
[The attendants go out.]

72 EYPIMIAOY

φίλη μὲν εἶ σύ, προσφιλὲς δέ μοι τόδε

στράτευμ᾽ Λχαιῶν. ἀλλὰ σημαίνειν σε χρὴ
τί χρὴ τὸν εὖ πράσσοντα μὴ πράσσουσιν εὖ
φίλοις ἐ ἐπαρκεῖν: ὡς ἕτοιμός εἰμ᾽ ἐγώ. 985

Hecuba asks after Polydorus.
EK. πρῶτον μὲν εἰπὲ παῖδ᾽ ὃν ἐξ ἐμῆς χερὸς
Πολύδωρον ἔ εκ τε πατρὸς ἐν δόμοις ἔ ἔχεις,
εἰ C7" τὰ δ᾽ ἄλλα δεύτερόν. σ᾽ ἐρήσομαι.
ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. μάλιστα: τοὐκείνου μὲν εὐτυχεῖς μέρος.
EK. [with subtle irony.] ὦ φίλταθ᾽, ὡς εὖ κἀξίως
σέθεν λέγεις. 990
TIOATM. τί δῆτα βούλει δεύτερον μαθεῖν ἐμοῦ ;
ΕΚ. εἰ τῆς τεκούσης τῆσδε μέμνηταί τί μου.
TIOATM. καὶ δεῦρό γ᾽ ὡς σὲ κρύφιος ἐζήτει
μολεῖν.

Is the money safe ?

EK. χρυσὸς δὲ σῶς, ov ἦλθεν ἐκ Τροίας ἔχων ;
IIOATM. σῶς, ἐν δόμοις γε τοῖς ἐμοῖς φρου-

ρούμενος. 995
EK. σῶσόν νυν αὐτόν, μηδ᾽ ἔρα τῶν πλησίον.
ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. ἢἧἤκιστ᾽: ὀναίμην τοῦ παρόντος, ὦ γύναι.
ΕΚ. οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ἃ λέξαι σοί τε καὶ παισὶν θέλω;
TIOATM. οὐκ οἶδα: τῷ σῷ τοῦτο σημανεῖς λόγῳ.
ΕΚ. ἔστω φιληθεὶς ὡς σὺ νῦν ἐμοὶ φιλεῖ. τοοο
IIOATM. τί χρῆμ᾽, ὁ κἀμὲ καὶ τέκν᾽ εἰδέναι

;

χρεών ;

EK. [lowering her voice.] χρυσοῦ παλαιαὶ ΠΡριαμιδῶν
,
κατώρυχες.

EKABH 73

TIOATM. ταῦτ᾽ ἔσθ᾽ ἃ βούλει παιδὶ σημῆναι
We .
EK. μάλιστα. διὰ σοῦ γ᾽ εἶ γὰρ εὐσεβὴς ἀνήρ.
TIOATM. τί δῆτα τέκνων τῶνδε δεῖ παρουσίας;
ΕΚ. ἄμεινον, ἣν σὺ κατθάνης, τούσδ᾽ εἰδέναι. 1006
ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. καλῶς ἔλεξας: τῆδε καὶ σοφώτερον.
ΕΚ. οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ᾿Αθάνας ᾿Ιλίας ἵνα στέγαι ;
TIOATM. ἐνταῦθ᾽ ὁ χρυσός ἐστι; σημεῖον δὲ τί;
EK. [mysteriously.] μέλαινα πέτρα γῆς ὑπερτέλ-

Nous’ ἄνω. ΙΟΙΟ
4 A A ,
TIOATM. ἔτ᾽ οὖν τι βούλει τῶν ἐκεῖ φράζειν
ἐμοί:

ΕΚ. σῶσαί σε χρήμαθ᾽ οἷς συνεξῆλθον θέλω.

ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. ποῦ ὅῆτα, πέπλων ἐντός, ἢ κρύψασ᾽
ἔχεις ;

EK. σκύλων ἐν ὄχλῳ ταῖσδε σῴζεται στέγαις.

ΠΟΛΥΜ. ποῦ 0’: αἵδ᾽ Ἀχαιῶν ναύλοχοι περι-

πτυχαί.
EK. [pointing to the women’s tents.| ἴδιαι γυναικῶν
αἰχμαλωτίδων στέγαι. τοιό

ΠΟΛΥΜ. [half reluctantly.] τἄνδον δὲ πιστά,
κἀρσένων ἐρημία ;
ΕΚ. οὐδεὶς “A χαιῶν ἔνδον, ἀλλ᾽ ἡμεῖς μόναι.
ἀλλ᾽ von? ἐς οἴκους" Kal γὰρ Ἀργεῖοι νεῶν
λῦσαι ποθοῦσιν οἴκαδ᾽ ἐκ Τροίας πόδα' 1020
ὡς πάντα πράξας ὦ ὧν σε δεῖ στείχης πάλιν
ξὺν παισὶν οὗπερ τὸν ἐμὸν ᾧκισας γόνον.

HECUBA goes into the tents with PoLYMESTOR and his
children.
| The CHORUS sings.]

74 ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ

‘The doom of PoLYMESTOR.’

XO. οὔπω δέδωκας, GAN ἴσως δώσεις δίκην,

ἀλίμενόν τις ὡς εἰς ἄντλον πεσὼν 1025
λέχριος, φίλας καρδίας

ἀμέρσας βίον. τὸ γὰρ ὑπέγγυον
δίκᾳ καὶ θεοῖσιν οὗ ξυμπίτνει, 1030

ὀλέθριον, ὀλέθριον κακόν.

ψεύσει σ᾽ ὁδοῦ τῆσδ᾽ ἐλπίς, ἥ σ᾽ ἐπήγαγε

θανάσιμον πρὸς “Adav, ἰὼ ἰὼ τάλας"
ἀπολέμῳ δὲ χειρὶ λείψεις βίον.

[The shrieks of POLYMESTOR are heard from within.]

TIOATM. ὦμοι, τυφλοῦμαι φέγγος ὀμμάτων
τάλας. 1035
XO. ἠκούσατ᾽ ἀνδρὸς Θρῃκὸς οἰμωγήν, φίλαι;
ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. ὦμοι μάλ᾽ αὖθις, τέκνα, δυστήνου
σφαγῆς.
ΧΟ. φίλαι, πέπρακται καίν᾽ ἔσω δόμων κακά.
TIOATM. ἀλλ᾽ οὔτι μὴ φύγητε λαιψηρῷ Tool’
βάλλων yap οἴκων τῶνδ᾽ ἀναρρήξω μυχούς.
ἰδού, βαρείας χειρὸς ὁρμᾶται βέλος. τοαι
[The CHORUS rush towards the stage.|
XO. βούλεσθ᾽ ἐπεισπέσωμεν ; ὡς ἀκμὴ καλεῖ
‘ExaBy παρεῖναι Tpwacw τε συμμάχους,
[HEcUBA enters followed by other τοοΉ 1611.

EK. ἄρασσε, φείδου μηδέν, ἐκβάλλων πύλας"
οὐ γάρ ποτ᾽ ὄμμα λαμπρὸν ἐνθήσεις κόραις,
οὐ παῖδας ὄψει ζῶντας, ous ἔκτειν᾽ ἐγώ. 1046

EKABH 75

ὝΕΣ a ~
XO. ἢ yap καθεῖλες Θρῆκα καὶ κρατεῖς ξένου,
a!
δέσποινα, Kal δέδρακας οἷαπερ λέγεις ;
+ 9 | ae . , ,
EK. ὄψει viv αὐτίκ᾽ ὄντα δωμάτων πάρος
τυφλόν, τυφλῷ στείχοντα παραφόρῳ
TOOL, 1050
, ~ , 5 e +” 9 \
παίδων τε δισσῶν σώμαθ᾽, οὕς ἔκτειν᾽ ἐγὼ
A A ᾿] , , ’ /
ξὺν ταῖς ἀρίσταις Τρφάσιν' δίκην δέ μοι
’ a 3 e ¢ a ΟΦ 9 ,
δέδωκε" χωρεῖ δ᾽, ὡς ὁρᾷς, 60 ἐκ δόμων.
3 > a A 5 " 7
ἀλλ᾽ ἐκποδὼν ἄπειμι κἀποστήσομαι
θυμῷ ζέοντι Θρηκὶ δυσμαχωτάτῳ. 1055
POLYMESTOR enters, a horrible sight, bleeding from his
wounds, and crawling on his hands and knees. At the
same time the bodies of his murdered children are
disclosed on a bier at the back of the stage.
, ἴω A ΄ “ lal
ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. ὦμοι ἐγώ, πᾶ BO, πᾶ στῶ, πᾶ KATO;
7 / 4
τετράποδος βάσιν Onpos ὀρεστέρου
τιθέμενος ἐπὶ χεῖρα κατ᾽ ἴχνος ; ποίαν;
, sl , 3 ’ ,
ταύταν } τανδ᾽, ἐξαλλάξω ΙΟΟῚ
A ᾿] , , ’
τὰς ἀνδροφόνους μάρψαι χρήζων
ἸΙλιάδας, αἵ με διώλεσαν :
/ 7 ~
τάλαιναι κόραι Tadavat Φρυγῶν
. ’ -“ ΄Ὺσ
oO κατάρατοι, TOL καί με φυγᾷᾳ
πτώσσουσι μυχῶν ; 1065
[Wildly stretching his hands to heaven.]}

” 5" / « , ,
εἴθε μοι ὀμμάτων αἱματόεν βλέφαρον
ΕἸ , a «δ , » “
ἀκεσαί ἀκέσαιο, τυφλόν, Αλιε,
, 5 ,
φέγγος ἀπαλλάξας.

| He hears the steps of the women, as they stealthily move out
of his way.

76 ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

κ ’ . ’
σίγα, kpurtav βάσιν αἰσθάνομαι
’ ~ ~ /
τάνδε γυναικῶν. πᾶ πόδ᾽ ἐπάξας τοῖο
σαρκῶν ὀστέων τ᾽ ἐμπλησθῶ,
θοίναν ἀγρίων θηρῶν τιθέμενος
ἀρνύμενος λώβαν,
, " , 4 Ὁ la “κ ,
λύμας avTiToW ἐμᾶς ; tw Taras
A ΄σ \
ποῖ, πὰ φέρομαι τέκν᾽ ἔρημα λιπὼν το
βάκχας “Αἰδου διαμοιρᾶσαι,
4 , , ee 05 , , 9
σῴφακταν Kvot τε φοινίαν δαῖτ’ ἀνήμερον τ
Γ
οὐρείαν ἐκβολαν ;
΄“- A la ~ ἴω ,
πᾶ στῶ, TA BO, πᾶ κάμψω,

[girding his long robe about him.]

-Ἀ ew / / ,
ναῦς ὅπως ποντίοις πείσμασι λινόκροκον 1080
~ ’ - A , A
φᾶρος στέλλων, ἐπὶ τάνδε συθεὶς
τέκνων ἐμῶν φύλαξ ὀλέθριον κοίταν ;
ον ~ / ,
XO. ὦ τλῆμον, ὡς σοι δύσφορ᾽ εἴργασται kaka:
δράσαντι δ᾽ αἰσχρὰ δεινὰ τἀπιτίμια. τοϑό
. - \
IIOATM. [shouting loudly for help.] αἰαῖ, tw Θρήκης
,
λογχοφόρον, ἔνοπλον,
εὔνππόν T Ἄρει τε κάτοχον γένος. 1090
ἰὼ ᾿Αχαιοί, ἰὼ Ἀτρεῖδαι,
4 oo ~ ,
βοαν ἀῦτῶ, Boar:
“ΚΝ ’; Α ~
ὦ iTe, μόλετε προς θεῶν.
, s\ ’ 4 . , , ,
κλύει τις, ἢ οὐδεὶς ἀρκέσει; τί μέλλετε;
A ’
γυναῖκες ὦὥλεσαν με, 1095
γυναῖκες αἰχμαλώτιδες.
Ν A , 4 4. oe 2
δεινὰ δεινὰ πεπόνθαμεν: ὦμοι ἐμᾶς λώβας.

EKABH "7

ποῖ τράπωμαι, ποῖ πορευθῶ ; 1099
ἀμπτάμενος οὐράνιον ὑψιπετὲς ἐς μέλαθρον,
᾿Ωρίων
7 Σείριος ἔνθα πυρὸς φλογέας
ἀφίησιν ὄσσων αὐγάς, ἢ τὸν “Aida II05

μελανοχρῶτα ποοθμὸν ἄξω τάλας;

SpEARMAN IN ΕΑΒΤΕΕΝ Dress. (From vase-paintings.)

XO. ξυγγνώσθ᾽, ὅταν τις κρείσσον᾽ ἢ ἔρειν κακὰ
πάθη, ταλαίνης ἐξαπαλλάξαι ζόης.

[AGAMEMNON enters, hurriedly.]

AT. κραυγῆς. ἀκούσας ἦλθον: οὐ γὰρ ἥσυχος
πέτρας ὀρείας παῖς λέλακ᾽ ἀνὰ στρατὸν IIIO
"Axe διδοῦσα θόρυβον. εἰ δὲ μὴ Φρυγῶν
πύργους πεσόντας ἦσμεν “Ἑλλήνων δορί,
φόβον παρέσχεν οὐ μέσως ὅδε κτύπος.

78 ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

a ,
TIOATM. ὦ φίλτατ᾽, ἠσθόμην γάρ, Ἄγαμεμνον,
σέθεν
- 9 , 5) ~ εἴ ’
φωνῆς ἀκούσας, εἰσορᾷς ἃ πασχομὲν; 1115
AT, [seeing PoLYMEsTOR.] ἔα"
[Πολυμῆστορ ὦ δύστηνε, τίς σ᾽ ἀπώλεσε;

Tur ΝΎΜΡΗ Ecnuo. (From a bas-relief on a lamp found in
Athens. )

τίς ὄμμ᾽ ἔθηκε τυφλόν, αἱμάξας κόρας,

παῖδάς τε τούσδ᾽ ἔκτεινεν ; ἢ μέγαν χόλον

σοὶ καὶ τέκνοισιν εἶχεν, ὅστις ἣν ἄρα.
ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. 'Ἑκάβη με σὺν γυναιξὶν αἰχμαλωτίσιν

δ 3 hae > κ᾿ ’
ἀπώλεσ᾽, οὐκ ἀπώλεσ᾽, ἀλλὰ μειζόνως. ττ21

EKABH 79

AT. τί φής; [to HECUBA.] σὺ τοὔργον εἴργασαι
τόδ᾽, ὡς λέγει ;
σὺ τόλμαν, “ExaBy, τήνδ᾽ ἔτλης ἀμήχανον ;
TIOATM. ὦμοι, τί λέξεις ; ἣ γὰρ ἐγγύς ἐστί που;
σήμηνον, εἰπὲ ποῦ ᾽σθ᾽, ἵν’ ἁρπάσας χεροῖν
διασπάσωμαι καὶ καθαιμάξω χρόα. 1126

PoLYMESTOR makes a dash at HECUBA, but is seized by
AGAMEMNON.

AT. οὗτος, Ti πάσχεις;

IIOATM. πρὸς θεῶν σε λίσσομαι,
μέθες μ᾽ ἐφεῖναι τῆδε μαργῶσαν χέρα.

AT. icy’. ἐκβαλὼν δὲ καρδίας τὸ βάρβαρον
λέγ᾽, ὡς ἀκούσας σοῦ τε τῆσδέ T ἐν μέρει
κρίνω δικαίως, ἀνθ᾽ ὅτου πάσχεις τάδε. 1131

Polymestor’s defence. He murdered Polydorus for the
sake of the Achaeans.

TIOATM. λέγοιμ᾽ av. ἣν τις ΠΡριαμιδῶν νεώτατος
Πολύδωρος, ᾿Ἑκάβης παῖς, ὃν ἐκ Προίας ἐμοὶ
A , , 9 / ,
πατὴρ δίδωσι II pianos ἐν δόμοις τρέφειν,
ὕποπτος ὧν δὴ Τρωικῆς ἁλώσεως, 1135
A , >] 9 ἄν αν >” “
τοῦτον κατέκτειν᾽" ἀνθ᾽ ὅτου δ᾽ ἔκτεινα νιν,
” e > \ [οὶ ,
ἄκουσον, ὡς εὖ Kat copy προμηθιᾳ.
ΝΜ A A ’ A e -
ἔδεισα μὴ σοὶ πολέμιος λειφθεὶς ὁ παῖς
Toolav ἀθροίση καὶ ξυνοικίση πάλιν
Pp ia ait -
) oA i ζῶ II δῶ
γνόντες χαιοὶ ζῶντα ριαμιδῶν τινα
Φρυγῶν ἐς αἶαν αὖθις ἄρειαν στόλον, 1141
et Opn δί f 10
κἄπειτα Θρήκης πεδία τρίβοιεν τάδε

80 EYPITITAOY

A ,
λεηλατοῦντες, γείτοσιν δ᾽

A Ns , ’ ? ω ” ’ ,
ρώων, εν ᾧπερ γὺῦν, ἄναξ, εἐκάμνομεν.

ΕΝ ‘
€ly KAKOV

Story of the outrage. Hecuba enticed him within the
tents. His children were murdered and his own eyes
put out. He has suffered all this for killing Agamemnon’s
enemy.

‘ExaBy δὲ παιδὸς γνοῦσα θανάσιμον μόρον
λόγῳ με τοιῴφδ᾽ ἤγαγ᾽, ὡς κεκρυμμένας 1146
’ ~
θήκας φράσουσα [Πριαμιδῶν ἐν ᾿Ιλίῳ
χρυσοῦ: μόνον δὲ σὺν τέκνοισίΐ μ᾽ εἰσάγει
ὃ ’ ec 9 , 3 , ,
ὄμους, tv’ ἄλλος μή τις εἰδείη τάδε.

ec A , 9 ,ὔ , ,
iC δὲ κλίνης ἐν μέσῳ κάμψας γονυ: 1150

A A ἈΝ ς A ’ ΠῚ ΄
πολλαὶ δὲ χειρὸς αἱ μὲν ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς,
αἱ δ᾽ ἔνθεν, ὡς δὴ παρὰ φίλῳ, ᾿Γρώων κόραι
θάκους ἔχουσαι, κερκίδ᾽ ᾿Ηδωνῆς χερὸς

4
ἤνουν, UT αὐγὰς τούσδε λεύσσουσαι πέπλους:
Ee A , ’ ’
ἄλλαι δὲ κάμακα Θρηκίαν θεώμεναι 1155
γυμνόν μ᾽ ἔθηκαν διπτύχου στολίσματος.
ὅσαι δὲ τοκάδες ἦσαν, ἐκπαγλούμεναι
τέκν᾽ ἐν χεροῖν ἔπαλλον, ὡς πρόσω πατρὸς
γένοιντο διαδοχαῖς ἀμείβουσαι χερῶν.
33 ~ “ A ,
KAT ἐκ γαληνῶν πῶς δοκεῖς προσφθεγμάτων
~ ’ 9 ’ὔ A

εὐθὺς λαβοῦσαι φασγαν᾽ ἐκ πέπλων ποθεν
κεντοῦσι παῖδας, αἱ δὲ πολεμίων δίκην 1162
ξυναρπάσασαι τὰς ἐμὰς εἶχον χέρας
καὶ κῶλα: παισὶ ὃ᾽ ἀρκέσαι χρήῆζων ἐμοῖς,
εἰ μὲν πρόσωπον ἐξανισταίην ἐμόν, 1165
κόμης κατεῖχον, εἰ δὲ κινοίην χέρας,

ΕΚΑΒΗ SI

~ A
πλήθει γυναικῶν οὐδὲν ἤνυον τάλας.
Ν , A 7 ,
τὸ λοίσθιον δέ, πῆμα πήματος πλέον,
ἐξειργάσαντο δείν᾽. ἐμῶν γὰρ ὀμμάτων,
’ a A
πόρπας λαβοῦσαι, Tas ταλαιπώρους κόρας
΄ 4 i A
κεντοῦσιν, αἱμάσσουσιν' εἶτ᾽ ἀνὰ στέγας
/ ΕΝ 9 A Γ᾿ 9 A
φυγάδες ἔβησαν" ἐκ δὲ πηδήσας ἐγὼ 1172
A \ A
Ono ws διώκω τὰς μιαιφόνους κύνας,
Ψ ~ -
ἅπαντ᾽ ἐρευνῶν τοῖχον, ὡς κυνηγέτης,

Greek ΒΕΟΟΟΗΕ5. (From originals in the British Museum.)

/ τὶ ’ 7 7ὔ 7
βάλλων, ἀράσσων. τοιάδε σπεύδων χάριν
A , A
πέπονθα THY σήν, πολέμιόν TE σὸν κτανών,
3 , \ A A ,
Ἀγάμεμνον. ὡς δὲ μὴ μακροὺς τείνω
’
λόγους,
A ~ 4 ~
εἴ τις γυναῖκας τῶν πρὶν εἴρηκεν κακῶς, 1178
A a , , ’ a , ,
ἢ νῦν λέγων Tis ἐστιν, ἢ μέλλει λεγειν;
ἦν ΄- A /
ἅπαντα ταῦτα συντεμὼν ἐγὼ φράσω: 1180
, ἫΝ , ~
γένος γὰρ οὔτε πόντος οὔτε γῆ τρέφει
, « 9 , 9 ,
τοιόνδ᾽- ὁ δ᾽ ἀεὶ ξυντυχὼν ἐπίσταται.

EUR, HECUBA G

82

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

ΧΟ. μηδὲν θρασύνου, μηδὲ τοῖς σαυτοῦ κακοῖς

τὸ θῆλυ συνθεὶς ὧδε πᾶν μέμψη γένος" 1184
4 A ς “ ς \ (ak 5 U

[πολλαὶ yap ἡμῶν αἱ μὲν elo ἐπίφθονοι,

αἱ δ᾽ εἰς ἀριθμὸν τῶν κακῶν πεφύκαμεν.

Hecuba’s defence. No words can make a bad cause good.

/ ~
EK. Ἀγάμεμνον, ἀνθρώποισιν οὐκ ἐχρῆν ποτε

τῶν πραγμάτων τὴν γλῶσσαν ἰσχύειν πλέον.
ἀλλ᾽ εἴτε χρήστ ᾿ ἔδρασε, χρήστ᾽ ἔδει λέγειν,
εἴτ᾽ αὖ πονηρά, τοὺς λόγους εἶναι σαθρούς,
καὶ μὴ δύνασθαι τάδικ᾽ εὖ λέγειν ποτέ. 1191

A \ oO Dae) ς 5 Ὁ ,ὔ
σοφοὶ μεν οὖν elo οἱ τάδ᾽ ἠκριβωκότες,

>." a

ἀλλ᾽ οὐ δύνανται διὰ τέλους εἶναι σοφοί,
κακῶς δ᾽ ἀπώλοντ᾽. οὔτις ἐξήλυξέ πω.

Polymestor’s excuse for the murder is absurd. His lust
for gold was the real cause.

, A A \ ω , ”
καί μοι TO μὲν σὸν ὧδε φροιμίοις ἔχει" 1195

‘ , 3 > A 7 3 ,
πρὸς τόνδε δ᾽ εἶμι, καὶ λόγοις ἀμείψομαι,
ὃς φὴς ᾿Αχαιῶν πόνον ἀπαλλάσσων διπλοῦν
3 ᾿ , , 2 oA, AM 3.4 a
Ayauéeuvoves θ᾽ ἕκατι παῖδ᾽ ἐμὸν κτανεῖν.
- 5 a U A a 9 A ,
ἀλλ᾽, ὦ κάκιστε, me ποῦ TOT ἂν ,Φιλον
τὸ βάρβαρον γένοιτ᾽ ἂν ᾿Βλλησιν γένος ; ;
οὔ Tay, δύναιτο. τίνα δὲ καὶ σπεύδων χάριν
πρόθυμος ἦσθα; πότερα κηδεύσων τινά,
ἢ ξυγγενὴς ὦν, ἢ τίν᾽ αἰτίαν ἔχων ; 1203
ἢ σῆς ἔμελλον γῆς τεμεῖν βλαστήματα

= a ,

πλεύσαντες αὖθις; τίνα δοκεῖς πείσειν τάδε;
ὁ χρυσός, εἰ βούλοιο τἀληθῆ λέγειν, 1206
ἔκτεινε τὸν ἐμὸν παῖδα καὶ κέρδη τὰ σα.

EKABH 83

Why did he not kill Polydorus while the Trojans were
still unconquered ?

ἐπεὶ δίδαξον τοῦτο' πῶς, ὅτ᾽ ηὐτύχει 1208
Τροία, πέριξ δὲ πύργος εἶχ᾽ ἔτι πτόλιν, '
ἔζη τε Πρίαμος, “Ἑκτορός τ᾿ ἤνθει
δόρυ, [210
τί δ᾽ οὐ τότ᾽, εἴπερ τῷδ᾽ ἐβουλήθης χάριν
θέσθαι, τρέφων τὸν Σεῖς κἀν δόμοις ἔ ἔχων
ἔκτεινας, ἢ ζῶντ᾽ ἦλθες, ᾿Δργείοις ἄ ἄγων ;
ἀλλ᾽ ἡνίχ᾽ ἡμεῖς οὐκέτ᾽ ἦμεν ἐν φάει;--- [214
καπνῷ δ᾽ ἐσήμην᾽ ἄστυ,----πολεμίων ὕπο,
ἕένον κατέκτας σὴν μολόντ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἑστίαν.

He might have given the gold to the poor and exiled.
The saving of Polydorus would have been to his credit.

A A ’ὔ 93 ς ~ ’
πρὸς τοῖσδέ νυν ἄκουσον, ὡς φανῆς Kakos.
~ 9 ΝΜ λον - 7A a ,
χρῆν σ᾽, εἴπερ ἦσθα τοῖς ᾿Αχαιοῖσιν φιλος,
4A A el A " ’ >] A aw 7
τὸν χρυσὸν ov dis ov cov, ἀλλα τοῦδ᾽ ἔχειν,
δοῦναι φέροντα πενομένοις τε καὶ χρόνον
πολὺν πατρῴας γῆς ἀπεξενωμένοις" 1221
σὺ δ᾽ οὐδὲ νῦν πω σῆς ἀπαλλάξαι χερὸς
τολμᾷς, ἔχων δὲ καρτερεῖς ἔτ᾽ ἐν δόμοις.
κ ‘ ? ι ev a9 9 A ,
καὶ μὴν τρέφων μεν WS σε maid ἐχρῆν τρέφειν
σώσας τε τὸν ἐμὸν εἶχες ἀν καλὸν κλέος"
~ ~ e
ἐν τοῖς κακοῖς γὰρ ἀγαθοὶ σαφέστατοι 1226
φίλοι: τὰ χρηστὰ δ᾽ αὔθ᾽ ἕ ἕκαστ᾽ ἔχει φίλους.
εἰ δ᾽ ἐσπάνιζες χρημάτων, ὁ δ᾽ ηὐτύχει,
θησαυρὸς ἄ ἂν σοι παῖς ὑπῆρχ᾽ οὑμὸς μέγας"
G2

XO.

ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

νῦν δ᾽ οὔτ᾽ ἐκεῖνον ἄνδρ᾽ ἔχεις σαυτῷ φίλον,
χρυσοῦ τ᾽ ὄνησις οἴχεται παῖδές τέ σοι, 1231
αὐτός τε πράσσεις ὦδε, [turning to AGA-
MEMNON.] σοὶ δ᾽ ἐγὼ λέγω,
᾿Αγάμεμνον, εἰ THO ἀρκέσεις, κακὸς φανεῖ"
οὔτ᾽ εὐσεβῆ γὰρ οὔτε πιστὸν οἷς ἐχρῆν,
οὐχ ὅσιον, οὐ δίκαιον εὖ δράσεις ξένον" 1235
αὐτὸν δὲ χαίρειν τοῖς κακοῖς σε φήσομεν
τοιοῦτον ὄντα" δεσπότας δ᾽ οὐ λοιδορῶ.
φεῦ φεῦ: βροτοῖσιν ὡς τὰ χρηστὰ πράγ-
ματα
χρηστῶν ἀφορμὰς ἐνδίδωσ᾽ ἀεὶ λόγων.

Agamemnon gives judgment. Polymestor deserves his

tate.

1.1}

ἀχθεινὰ μέν μοι τἀλλότρια κρίνειν κακά" 1240
ὅμως δ᾽ ἀνάγκη: καὶ γὰρ αἰσχύνην φέρει
πρᾶγμ᾽ ἐς χέρας λαβόντ’ ἀπώσασθαι τόδε.
ἐμοὶ δ᾽ > i” εἰδῆς, οὔτ᾽ ἐμὴν δοκεῖς χάριν

οὔτ᾽ οὖν Ἀχαιῶν ἄνδρ᾽ ἀποκτεῖναι ἕένον,
ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ἔχης τὸν χρυσὸν ἐν δόμοισι σοῖς.
λέγεις ὁ δὲ σαυτῷ πρόσφορ᾽ , ἐν κακοῖσιν ὦν.
τάχ᾽ οὖν παρ᾽ ὑμῖν ῥάδιον ξενοκτονεῖν' 124}
ἡμῖν δέ γ᾽ αἰσχρὸν τοῖσιν λλησιν τόδε.
πῶς οὖν σε κρίνας μὴ ἀδικεῖν φύγω ψόγον;
οὐκ ὧν δυναίμην. ἀλλ᾽ ἐπεὶ τὰ μὴ καλὰ 1250
πράσσειν ἐτόλμας, τλῆθι καὶ τὰ μὴ φίλα.

EKABH 85

Polymestor prophesies an evil fate for Hecuba.

TIOATM. οἴμοι, γυναικός, ὡς ἔοιχ᾽, ἡσσώμενος
/ e 7, - , ,
δούλης ὑφέξω τοῖς κακίοσιν δίκην.

ΕΚ. οὔκουν δικαίως, εἴπερ εἰργάσω κακά; 1254

ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. οἴμοι τέκνων τῶνδ᾽ ὀμμάτων τ᾽ ἐμῶν,
τάλας.

EK. ἀλγεῖς, τί δ᾽ ἡμᾶς; παιδὸς οὐκ ἀλγεῖν
δοκεῖς ;

TIOATM. χαίρεις ὑβρίζουσ' εἰς ἔμ᾽, ὦ πανοῦργε σύ.
ΕΚ. οὐ γάρ με χαίρειν χρὴ σὲ τιμωρουμένην ; -
IIOATM. ἀλλ᾽ οὐ τάχ᾽, ἡνίκ᾽ ἄν σε ποντία νοτὶς
EK. μῶν ναυστολήση γῆς ὅρους “Ἑλληνίδος ; 1260
IOATM. κρύψη μὲν οὖν πεσοῦσαν ἐκ καρχησίων.
ΕΚ. πρὸς τοῦ βιαίων τυγχάνουσαν ἁλμάτων ;
ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. αὐτὴ πρὸς ἱστὸν ναὸς ἀμβήσει ποδί.
ΕΚ. ὑποπτέροις νώτοισιν, ἢ ποίῳ τρόπῳ;
ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. κύων γενήσει πύρσ᾽ ἔχουσα δέργματα.
EK. πῶς δ᾽ οἶσθα μορφῆς τῆς ἐμῆς μετάστασιν:
ILOATM. ὁ Θρηξὶ μάντις εἶπε Διόνυσος τάδε.
ΕΚ. σοὶ δ᾽ οὐκ ἔχρησεν οὐδὲν wy ἔχεις κακῶν ; 1268
IIOATM. οὐ γάρ ToT ἂν σύ μ᾽ εἷλες ὧδε σὺν
δόλῳ.
BE. δινοῦνα δ᾽ ἃ ἢ ζῶσ᾽ ἐνθάδ᾽ ἐκπλήσω βίον; ; 1270
ΠΟΛΥΜ. δαθοῦσν: τύμβῳ δ᾽ ὄνομα σῷ κεκλή-
σεται
ΕΚ. μορφῆς ἐπῳδόν, ἢ ἢ τί, τῆς ἐμῆς ἐρεῖς ; -
ILOATM. κυνὸς ταλαίνης σῆμα, ναυτίλοις τέκμαρ.
EK. οὐδὲν μέλει μοι, σοῦ γέ μοι δόντος δίκην.

86 ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΙΔΟΥ͂

And for Cassandra.

TIOATM. καὶ σήν γ᾽ ἀνάγκη παῖδα Κασσάνδραν
θανεῖν. 1245

EK. ἀπέπτυσ᾽. αὐτῷ ταῦτα σοὶ δίδωμ᾽ ἔχειν.

ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. κτενεῖ νιν ἡ τοῦδ᾽ ἄλοχος, olkoupos
πικρά.

ΕΚ. μήπω μανείη Tuvdapis τοσόνδε παῖς.

And for Agamemnon,

΄ / x
TIOATM. καὐτόν ye τοῦτον, πέλεκυν ἐξάρασ᾽ ἄνω.
AT. οὗτος σύ, μαίνει, καὶ κακῶν ἐρᾷς τυχεῖν ; 1280

TIOATM. κτεῖν᾽, ὡς ἐν Ἄργει ova λουτρά σ᾽

ἀναμένει.
AT’. [to the attendants. | οὐχ ἕλξετ᾽ αὐτόν, ὃμῶες,
ἐκποδὼν βίᾳ ;
TIOATM. ἀλγεῖς ἀκούων; AT. οὐκ ἐφέξετε
Ψ
στόμα;
ΠΟΛΥ͂Μ. ἐγκλήετ᾽- εἴρηται yap.

[ They seize POLYMESTOR, gag him, and lead him away.|

’ “ἤ /

AT. ar ele St οὐχ ὅσον τάχος
νήσων ἐρήμων αὐτὸν ἐκβαλεῖτὲ ποι, 1285
ἐπείπερ οὕτω καὶ λίαν θρασυστομεῖ ;

‘Kh , ‘ δ᾽ > , δ , ι
κάβη, σὺ 0, ὦ τάλαινα, διπτύχους νεκροὺς
στείχουσα θάπτε' δεσποτῶν δ᾽ ὑμᾶς χρεὼν
aA / 4 A
σκηναῖς πελάζειν, Tpwades: Kal yap πνοὰς
πρὸς οἶκον ἤδη τάσδε πομπίμους ὁρῶ. 1290

EKABH 87

a0? , , a δι 5 ,
εὖ δ᾽ ἐς πάτραν πλεύσαιμεν, εὖ δὲ τὰν δόμοις
39 > 0 ~ 3. ἐν , ,
ἔχοντ᾽ ἴδοιμεν, τῶνὸ ἀφειμένοι πόνων.
4
XO. ἴτε πρὸς λιμένας σκηνάς τε, φίλαι,
τῶν δεσποσύνων πειρασόμεναι
μόχθων' στερρὰ γὰρ ἀνάγκη. 1295

All go out, the CHORUS chanting the last three lines as they
disappear from the orchestra.

[IS

Greek Saip. (From vase-paintings in the British Museum.)

NOTES

1-58. Prologos.

The ghost of Polydorus appears, and tells the story of his
murder by his host Polymestor, prince of the Thracian
Chersonese, to whom he had been entrusted by his father
Priam, king of Troy. The shade of Achilles has demanded
the sacrifice of his sister Polyxena. He has himself appeared
in a dream to his mother Hecuba.

2. Αιδης, the god of the lower world.
ἵνα, ‘ where,’ with indicative.
χωρίς governs θεῶν.
ὄκισται : lit. ‘hath been made to dwell.’ Translate,
‘hath his dwelling.’

3. Πολύδωρος : in apposition to éyw understood. Polydorus

was the murdered son of Hecuba.

τῆς Κισσέως: τῆς agrees with θυγατρός understood,
‘the daughter of Kisseus.’

Ἑκάβης : gen. of origin.

4. ὅς pe: με is governed by ὑπεξέπεμψε.

5. κίνδυνος ἔσχε, «.7.A.: lit. ‘when danger seized the
city ... to fall,’ i.e. ‘when the city came to be in danger of
falling.’ ἔσχε = ‘took hold of’; εἶχε would mean ‘ held.’

πεσεῖν : the infinitive depends upon κίνδυνος ἔσχε, as
though the construction had been πόλις ἐκινδύνευσε πεσεῖν.

6. χθονός : gen. of place from which. In prose there
would be a preposition.

ὑπεξέπεμψε : ὑπό in composition implies something done
secretly. See 1. 812.
8. ἀρίστην πλάκα, ‘richest plain.’
9. σπείρει : lit. ‘ sows,’ i.e. ‘dwells in.’

90 EURIPIDES : HECUBA

το. ἐκπέμπει : historic present, used in order to give
vividness to the narration.

11. ἵνα, ‘in order that,’ final conjunction, with optative
after an historic tense.

13. 6: used in Attic Greek at the beginning of a clause
to mean ‘wherefore.’ Perhaps originally an accusative of
reference.

καί : emphatic; translate, ‘also.’

16. ὁρίσματα : lit. ‘boundaries,’ used here for ‘the walls’

of Troy.
ὄρθ᾽ ἔκειτο, ‘stood (lit. lay) erect.’

18. οὗμός : crasis for ὁ ἐμός.

20. τροφαῖσιν, x«.7.A., ‘under his nurture, like ᾿ some
tender plant, I grew, to my misery.’ τάλας at the end
gives pathos to the picture. With ὥς τις πτόρθος cf. Isaiah
liii. 2 ‘ He shall grow up before him as a tender plant,’

23. αὐτός : ipse ‘he himself.’ See Appendix, Note B.
The story was that Priam took refuge at the altar, and was
there slain by Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles. It is told
also by Virgil, in Aen. ii. 512 sqq. θεοδμήτῳ : perhaps
an allusion to the building of Troy by Poseidon.

24. ἐκ, ‘ by.’

25. κτείνει : subject ξένος in the next line.

χρυσοῦ governed by χάριν.
27. μεθῆκε, ‘flung me.’
ἔχῃ : primary tense, used to give greater vividness. See
], 1139.
αὐτός : ipse ‘for himself.’ (Appendix, Note B.)

28. ἐπ᾽ ἀκταῖς : understand ἄλλοτε, ‘at one time... at
another,’ Translate, ‘now... now.’

29. διαύλοις. The δίαυλος was the name given to one form of
the Greek racecourse, which was not, like our courses, round
a circle, but straight up, round a post (called the καμπτήρ, or
turning-point) and back again down a parallel course.
Hence δίαυλος =‘ flow and return,’ ‘ebb and flow.’ Translate,
‘many an ebb and flow.’

30. ὑπέρ, ‘over.’

31. ἀΐσσω here =‘ float.’

32. τριταῖον... φέγγος : lit. ‘for the third day’s light.’
‘Now for the third day.’

aiwpovpevos, ‘ hovering.’

33. ὅσονπερ, ‘as long as.’

34. Tapa: poetical for πάρεστι. It is really the preposi-
tion with the accent thrown back (anastrophe) ; ef. 1. 209.

39. εὐθύνοντας : agreeing with στράτευμα according to the

NOTES. LINES 10-57 ΟΙ

sense rather than the grammar. This is called the con-
structio ad sensum (“κατὰ ovveow’’).

41. λαβεῖν : explanatory infinitive. ‘He asks for my
sister .. . to receive her as a sacrifice beloved and an honour
for his tomb.’

43. πρός, ‘at the hands of men who love him,’

7] πεπρωμένη : understand μοῖρα = ‘fate.’

44. θανεῖν : either (1) explanatory infinitive, ἀδελφὴν being
direct object of ἄγει, or (2) --, τὸ θανεῖν ἀδελφήν, i.e. ‘my
sister’s death,’ the whole phrase being object of dye. The
latter seems preferable.

47. ὡς : final, ‘in order that.’

τύχω : aor. Subjunctive.

49. ἐξητησάμην, ‘asked and obtained,’ ‘obtained my
prayer to.’

50. Till the body was laid in the tomb, the spirit was
unquiet, ἄκλαυστος, ἄταφος (see 1. 30).

51. τοὐμόν, «.7.A., ‘mine then shall be all that (as much
as) I wished to obtain.’

52. ἐκποδὼν... “ExaBy : lit. ‘out of the way for Hecuba’
(dat. of advantage), i.e. ‘out of the way of the aged
Hecuba.’

53. πόδα : probably a sort of descriptive accusative with
περᾷ, ‘she comes a-foot’; or an accusative of instrument of
motion (Liddell and Scott). Cf. 1. 1070.

ἥδε is here used in a deictic (pointing out) sense ‘for,
see, she comes,’

ὑπό, ‘from beneath.’ Perhaps she had gone into
Agamemnon’s tent to consult her daughter Cassandra, who
was a prophetess, and whom Agamemnon had taken to
his tent.

55. φεῦ : exclamations of grief or joy are often placed like
this outside the ordinary lines (extra metrum),.

ἥτις, «.7.A., ‘who from kings’ houses (cf. the New
Testament phrase, ‘ are in kings’ houses’) hast seen the day
of slavery.’

56. ὡς : exclamatory ‘ how.’

57. ὅσονπερ : understanding τόσον, ‘how evilly dost thou
fare, as once thou faredst well’; i.e. Hecuba’s misery is
proportionately as great as her former prosperity.

ἀντισηκώσας, ‘making thee amends for (genitive depend-
ing upon avtt in the verb) thy former good fortune.’ ἀντι-
σηκόω, lit. = ‘weigh,’ hence ‘compensate for’ (σηκόω,
‘balance’), The whole expression is bitterly ironical.

92 EURIPIDES : HECUBA

59-99. Lyric extension of the Prologos. —

The aged Hecuba enters, supported by Trojan women. She
has had fearful dreams—of her son in Thrace, and of a fawn
slaughtered by a wolf and torn from her knees. O that
her son Helenus, the prophet, and her daughter Cassandra,
the prophetess, could interpret them! The ghost of the
dead Achilles has demanded the sacrifice of one of the
women of Troy. Heaven avert this fate from her daughter!

6x. ὑμῖν : dat. governed by ὁμόδουλον, ‘her who is your
fellow-slave.’

63. μου : genitive governed by προσλαξύμεναι.

64. χειρός : genitive of the part taken hold of, ‘by my
aged hand.’ Cf. ll. 523, 543.

65. σκολιῷ, «.7.A.: lit. ‘on the bent staff of the arm,’
χερός being used for the arm, i. 6. ‘on the bent arm (cf an
attendant slave) for a staff,’

66. διερειδομένα : note the Doric termination ἃ for 7. The
Doric dialect is used in the lyric metres of Greek choruses.
βραδύπουν, #.7.A., ‘putting forward the slow step of my

imbs.’

68. στεροπά : note Doric ἃ, These Doric forms will only
be occasionally noticed hereafter. The ‘lightning flash of
Zeus’ is put poetically for the bright light of day as opposed
to night.

69. aipopat : αἴρειν, lit. ‘ to lift up,’ hence ‘ excite.’

13. σῳζομένου, ‘who is being safely kept.’ This is an
instance of the so-called ‘irony’ of Greek plays, the
spectators being fully aware of the sad truth, of which
the actors are supposed to be ignorant.

76. φοβερὰν ὄψιν : ὄψιν repeated with terrible emphasis,
‘the dreadful vision,’

80. ἔτι, ‘yet remaining,’ because all her male children
had been slain. Helenus, being a prophet and nota warrior,
is omitted.

84. μέλος : used of sad tidings, ‘some strain mournful to
the mourners.’

85. ἀλίαστος : adjective used for adverb, ‘unceasingly.’

87. Ἑλένου. Helenus, one of the sons (to be carefully
distinguished from Helen, the daughter) of Priam and
Hecuba. He was a prophet (pav7is).

θείαν, ‘ divinely inspired,’ ‘ prophetic.’

88. Κασάνδραν. Cassandra, daughter of Priam and Hecuba,

a prophetess, taken captive by Agamemnon.

NOTES. LINES 61-114 93 ©

ἐσίδω : deliberative subjunctive. Translate, ‘Where,
where (mote emphasizes ποῦ, and may be rendered thus),
may I behold ?’

89. ὥς : final, ‘in order that.’

90. The hind was Polyxena, her daughter; the wolf
Odysseus, the Greek warrior who tore her away.

93. Kat, «.7.A., ‘yea and this too is a terror to me,’
alluding to what follows, viz. the appearance of Achilles’
ghost.

96. γέρας, ‘as a prize.’

τινά direct, γέρας indirect object of fret.
99. πέμψατε, ‘send away,’ ‘ avert.’

100-155. Parodos.

The Chorus of Trojan captive women, fifteen in number,
enter the orchestra from the side, and form round the altar
(θυμέλη) of Dionysus in the centre of the orchestra. ‘We
have come bringing weighty tidings of woe. The Achaean
chiefs have met, and decided to offer Polyxena to Achilles.
At first councils were divided, but finally the advice of
Odysseus prevailed. Hecuba must supplicate the gods and
Agamemnon.’

too. ἐλιάσθην, ‘ have turned my steps.’

102, ἐκληρώθην : the captive women were allotted and
assigned to their Greek conquerors.

106. οὐδέν, #.7.A.: 1. 6. ‘not that I can lighten aught of
thy sufferings.’

110. λέγεται δόξαι : lit. ‘it is said to have seemed good,’
i.e. ‘’tis said to have been decided.’

παῖδα : direct object of θέσθαι, ‘ to offer.’

III. σφάγιον : indirect object of θέσθαι, ‘as a victim.’

τύμβου : genitive governed by ἐπί in ἐπιβάς.

112. οἶσθ᾽ ὅτε: parenthetical. The golden armour of
Achilles, given to him by his mother Thetis, and wrought
by the god Hephaestus, is described by Homer in Jliad xviii.

113. ἔσχε, ‘held back,’ ‘stayed,’ for κατέσχε.

114. The meaning is doubtful. Probably the following
is the correct interpretation. ἐπερειδομένας is used in a
strictly middle sense, the ships being regarded as having
something done for them. λαίφη is ace. of reference; and
the meaning is, ‘ having their sails thrust against the fore
halyards (sporovos) of the ship (by the wind),’ That is,
the ships were already in full sail before the wind. . Any

~
94 | EURIPIDES: HECUBA

other interpretation involves taking προτόνοις in a non-
nautical sense, which would be ‘impossible before an
Athenian audience, well versed in all nautical terms.

119. ἐχώρει δίχα : lit. ‘went in two ways,’ i.e. ‘was
divided.’ |

121. δοκοῦν : accusative absolute ; lit. ‘it seeming good’
(61. 596), governing τοῖς μὲν... τοῖς δέ.

122. ἦν... σπεύδων : for ἔσπευδε; ‘was for furthering.’

123. Baxxys: i.e. Cassandra, sister of Polyxena.

125. Θησείδα : Demophon and Acamas, his sons by
Phaedra.

126, δισσῶν μύθων. They agreed on the main point, to
offer a human victim, but they differed as to κότος the
victim should be.

130. οὐκ ἐφάτην, ‘said they would not.’

I3I. πρόσθεν θήσειν, ‘place before,’ i.e. ‘prefer to.’ πρόσθεν
governs τῆς λόγχη.

132. σπουδαί, κιτ.λ., ‘and the zeal for the contending
arguments was ‘almost (πως) equal, till (πρίν).

134. koms: lit. ‘a knife,’ here used of a clever speaker.
Cf. in the Psalms, ‘with lies thou cuttest like a sharp
razor.’

137. δούλων, «.7.A. : οὕνεκα governs δούλων σφαγίων, “ἃ
slavish victim.’

138. μηδέ τινα εἰπεῖν : εἰπεῖν depends on πείθει, ‘urges,’
equivalent to κελεύει, ‘and (urges) that none of the dead
standing by Persephone should say.’

140. ἀχάριστοι : active in sense, ‘thankless,’ ‘without
doing kindness to.’

141. Tots οἰχομένοις : a softened phrase for death, ‘who
died for Hellenes.’

143. ὅσον οὐκ ἤδη, ‘all but now,’ i. 6. ‘ forthwith’ (Latin,
tantum non).

144. πῶλον : lit. ‘a foal,’ used of a young daughter.

146. ναούς : accus. of goal to be reached, used only in
poetry without a preposition ; cf. 1. 1260.

147. ἱκέτις γονάτων : the suppliant clasped the knees
and touched the hand and beard or cheek of the person
supplicated ; hence the expression ‘suppliant of the
knees.’

148. κήρυσσε : by ‘proclaiming’ the names of the gods
the suppliant called them to witness. Translate, ‘call to
witness.’

151. εἶναι : inf. after verb of preventing, ‘from being.’

τύμβου governed by προ in προπετῆ.

NOTES. LINES 119-193 95

154. νασμῷ : dat. of instrument, ‘by reason of the dark-
rayed stream from her gold-encircled neck.’ ,
155. ἄπύσω : Doric for ἠπύσω. So axw for ἠχώ.

156-443. First ἐπεισόδιον.

Hecuba’s despair. Polyxena enters, and is told her
impending fate. She hears the tidings with calm bravery.
Odysseus enters to take away the victim. He refuses to
listen to Heeuba’s appeal. Polyxena makes a noble speech,
and is finally led out, leaving her mother fainting on the
ground.

157. γήρως : gen. of cause, ‘ because of?
162. φροῦδος. .. φροῦδοι : understand ἐστίν... εἰσίν.
163. ποίαν : understand ὁδόν.
164. στείχω : deliberative subjunctive, ‘am I to go?’
How: understand ἐμαυτόν ; lit. ‘send myself,’ ‘ whither
shall I fly ?’
165. θεῶν : of the greater gods.
δαίμων : some lesser divinity, ‘ where is any among the
gods, or any spirit to aid me?’
166. ἐνεγκοῦσαι, ‘who have brought me woeful tidings of
evil’ (φέρω).
I7o. aynoat: Doric for ἥγησαι, aor. imperat. mid. ;
ἡ γέομαι governs the dative.
176. οἵαν οἵαν dtw: the repeated open vowel sounds
vividly express the bitter cries of the sorrowing mother.
φάμαν : Doric for φήμην, ‘ evil tidings.’
180. ἐξέπταξας, ‘scared me forth,’ from ἐκπτήσσω.
182. φροίμιά μοι κακά, ‘an ill-omened prelude for me.’
Perhaps spoken aside.
183. Ψυχᾶς : gen. of cause, often used in exclamations.
189-91. A difficult passage. Probably the text is corrupt.
The last two words are untranslateable as they stand. It is
possible to read IInAeta γέννᾳ and take it to be a poetic title
for Achilles. Translate, ‘the common purpose (yvopa) of
the Argives is set upon (ξυντείνειν slaying thee at the tomb
(as an offering) to the son of Peleus.’
γέννᾳ seems the corrupt word and may have got in
through a mistake, the scribe’s eye catching γνώμα above.
Some word for ‘daughter,’ corresponding to μᾶτερ below,
would be appropriate. In this case Πηλείδα would be genitive
depending on τύμβον.
193. ἀμέγαρτα κακῶν : poetic variety for ἀμέγαρτα κακά.

a

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196. ἀγγέλλουσι, x.7.A. ‘They bring tidings that sentence
hath been ‘passed (lit. ‘that it has seemed good’; ef. 1. 121)
by the vote of the Argives concerning thy life, alas so dear
to me!’

μου may be dative with ἀγγέλλουσι, but from its position,
it seems better to take it as pathetically interpolated to
express how Polyxena’s life is bound up with Hecuba’s.

198. Polyxena is a noble character. She thinks first of
her mother’s sorrow, not of her own.

203. παῖς ἅδε (ἅδε for ἥδεν : in apposition to ἐγώ under-
stood, lit. ‘this child’ (of thine). Translate, ‘No more,
no more shall I, thy child, share thy slavery, hapless com-
panion of thy hapless old age.’ Pathos is obtained by the
repetition of the sad words, as in 1. 205.

204. ὥστε for ws, ‘ like.’

σκύμνον, ‘fawn.’
205. μόσχον : translate, ‘daughter.’
208. yas: governed by ὑπό.
μέτα : dissyllabic prepositions, when put after the case
which they govern, throw the accent back upon the first
syllable. This is called ἀναστρόφη. Cf. 1. 34.
σκότον : accus. of motion.

211. βίου : causal genitive, ‘unhappy in thy life.’

214. θανεῖν : in apposition to ξυντυχία, ‘for me, death,
a better lot, hath chanced.’

216. καὶ μήν : strictly = ‘moreover,’ ‘besides’; but is
especially used in the poets to denote the entrance of a
new actor on the stage =‘ and see,’ ‘lock you,’ ὅθ. See
1. 665.

221. πρὸς ὀρθὸν χῶμα : understand ἄγοντας.

222. pas : persons of importance speak of themselves in
the plural.

225. οἶσθ᾽ ὃ δρᾶσον ; a combination of a command and
a question. Translate, ‘knowest thou what to do?’

pyre... μήτε: with aor. subjunctive in a prohibitive
sense.

227. γίγνωσκε δ᾽ ἀλκήν, ‘know thy strength,’ i.e. how
frail it is. So you might translate, ‘know thy weakness.’

228. σοφόν τοι: τοι is often used in proverbial sayings.
Generally it may be left untranslated.

229. παρέστηκε : perf. for present -- πάρεστι, ‘is at hand.’

230. κενός, ‘ void of.’

231. dpa: the particle is used pathetically, as though
Hecuba were musing to herself, forgetful of the presence
of Odysseus, ‘and I then.’

NOTES. LINES τ96--267 | 97

234. εἰ δ᾽ ἔστι, «.7.A., ‘and if it is lawful for slaves to ask
of the free things not grievous nor stinging to the heart
(καρδίας : gen. of part affected), ’tis meet (χρεών ἐστι) for thee
to have had thy say and for us who ask these things to hear
(thy answer).’ General sense, ‘You have had your say;
now let me ask a question, and you shall answer.’

236. cot... εἰρῆσθαι : lit. ‘for it to have been spoken by
thee’; σοί, dat. of agent, regularly used with perf. pass.

240. ἄπο : anastrophe.

242. ἄκρας καρδίας, ‘the surface of my heart.’ Genitive of
part affected.

246. evOavetv, ‘grew numbed.’ ve particle used here to
express assent, ‘ yes, so that,’ &e.

248. πολλῶν, «.7.4, ‘inventions of many words, so as to
escape from death.’

250. ὥστ᾽ εἰσορᾶν ye, ‘yea, so that I see,’ &e., i.e. ‘am
yet living.’

251. κακύνει : middle, ‘art thou not acting basely ?’

252. ἔπαθεΞ.... παθεῖν : πάσχειν is used in speaking of
receiving good treatment as well as bad.

253. οὐδέν : probably accus. of extent, ‘in nothing,’

255. μηδέ, «.7.A. : optative expressing a wish, ‘may ye not
be,’ &e.

256. βλάπτοντες οὐ φροντίζετε, ‘think not how ye injure.’

257. τοῖσι πολλοῖς πρὸς χάριν, ‘to win fayour with the
many.’

258. ἀτὰρ τί δή, «.7.A., ‘what did they think this clever
device to be, that they,’ &e.

τοῦτο : direct accus.; τί σόφισμα, second (predicative)
accus, governed by ἡγούμενοι.

260. τὸ χρῆν: inf. with the neuter article =a noun,
‘necessity,’ ‘fate.’ πότερα, ‘whether,’ answered by 7, may
be omitted in translating. Cf. 1. 315.

263. τείνει, ‘threaten.’

264. ἥδε ye, ‘ she, of all others.’

265. χρῆν : an impersonal verb, imperf. 3rd pers. sing. ;
strictly ἐχρῆν, but the augment is generally omitted in Attic
Greek.

προσφάγματα : plur. for sing. in apposition to Ἑλένην,
‘as a victim.’

266. Helen, the wife of Menelaus, by faithlessly deserting
her husband for Paris, had been the cause of the Trojan war.

268. οὐχ ἡμῶν Tote, ‘this is not our business.’

269. ἣ Tuvdapis, ‘the daughter of Tyndareus,’ i.e. Helen,
so beautiful that she was called ‘the world’s desire.’

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οϑ EURIPIDES : HECUBA

εἶδος : acc. of respect.
271. τῷ μὲν δικαίῳ, «.7.A., ‘on the score of justice I urge

this plea.’ τῷ... δικαίῳ, dat. of respect.

ἁμιλλῶμαι, ΕἾ contend with (him),’

τόνδε... λόγον : cognate accusative, ‘with this argu-
ment.’

273. Cf. 1. 147.

278. τῶν τεθνηκότων ἅλις : sc. ἐστί, 1.6. ‘no need of more
to die.’

279. ταύτῃ, ‘in her’ (touching Polyxena as she speaks).

282, οὐ τούς, x.7.A., Sit is not meet for those who are
powerful to use their power in things which are not
necessary.’ py, generic use = ‘the class of unnecessary
things.’

283. εὖ goes with πράξειν.

δοκεῖν, ‘to think.’

284. ‘For I too lived (lit. ‘was’) once, but now I live no
more.’

286. ἀλλά : often used in a pleading sense, ‘ nay.’

γένειον : see 1. 147.

288. φθόνος : lit. ‘envy,’ so ‘it is invidious,’ ‘a hateful
thing.’ .

292. αἵματος, ‘the shedding of blood.’

πέρι : anastrophe.
κεῖται : lit. ‘lies,’ so ‘is laid down.’

293. The reputation of Odysseus for wisdom stood high
among the Greeks.

294. λόγος, «.7.A., ‘the same utterance... hath not the
same power,’

299. τῷ θυμουμένῳ, ‘in thy wrath.’ Note the neut, partie.
as a noun, rare in prose.

300. δυσμενῆ, " as thine enemy.’

ποιοῦ φρενί : lit. ‘make for thyself in thy mind,’
‘imagine,’ ‘regard. ‘

305- δοῦναι : in apposition to a, ‘(namely) that I would
give. 3

308. φέρηται, ‘carries off for himself,’ ‘ wins.’

310. κάλλιστ᾽ ἀνήρ: ἀνήρ 15 emphatic, ‘most nobly as
a man,’ i.e. ‘as nobly as a man could.’

311. βλέποντι: lit. ‘seeing,’ i.e. ‘while he lives.’

312. χρώμεσθα: a play on the double meaning of the
word : (1) ‘use,’ (2) ‘use as a friend,’ ‘respect.’ Cf. similar
double meaning of Latin wii.

315. uieitess see note on 1, 260. Odysseus imagines the
warriors debating among themselves.

NOTES. LINES 271-352 99

317. καὶ μήν, ‘moreover,’ introducing an additional reason.
318. κεἰ -- καὶ εἰ, ‘even if.’
πάντα, ‘everything,’ i.e. ‘anything.’ The general sense
is that the Greeks regarded due funeral honours as more
important than any honours during lifetime.
ἀρκούντως ἔχειν = ‘to be enough, suffice.’ Cf. εὖ ἔχειν,
κακῶς ἔχειν, κιτ.λ.
320. ὁρᾶσθαι : probably middle, ‘to see for myself.’
διὰ μακροῦ : i.e. ‘lasts for long.’

321. πάσχειν : in Greek the subj. of the infin., if it is the
same as that of the principal verb, is usually omitted ; ‘if
thou sayest that thou art suffering.’

322. παρ᾽ ἡμῖν, ‘among us’ (Greeks).

326. τόλμα: contracted for TéApae, ‘endure this bravely.’

εἰ κακῶς νομίζομεν : emphasis on κακῶς, i.e. ‘if our habit
of honouring the noble man be evil.’
νομίζομεν : original sense, ‘we have a custom.’

327. ἀμαθίαν ὀφλήσομεν : 1.6. we must be content to be
thought ignorant.

328. ot βάρβαροι : used contemptuously of the Trojans.

329. ἡγεῖσθε... θαυμάζετε : imperatives used ironically.

330. ὡς av: final, ‘that so Hellas may prosper.’ Because
if the Trojans do not honour their friends and brave dead,
things will go badly with them and Hellas will be victorious.

332. τὸ δοῦλον -- ἡ δουλεία.

335. φροῦδοι : understand εἰσί.

338. μή -εὥστε μή.

340. πεῖθε, ‘use persuasion.’

345. θάρσει, ‘fear not. Zeus was the god of suppliants,
and he who rejected the suppliant might incur his wrath.

346. ὡς, ‘for, ‘ since.’

τοῦ τ᾽ ἀναγκαίου χάριν, ‘both because of necessity,’ neut.
adj. with article used for abstract substantive.

347. χρήζουσα : in a causal sense, ‘and because I
desire to.’

350. τοῦτό μοι, «.7.A., ‘this was the first (or the ‘ chief’)
thing in my life’ that I was a king’s daughter; or perhaps
‘this was the beginning of my life.’

Φρυγῶν : used here for Trojans.

351. ἐθρέφθην : aor. pass. τρέφω : ‘fair hopes’ are personi-
fied ; they were the goddesses who tended the childhood of
Polyxena.

352. ζῆλον, «.7.A.: lit. ‘involving (or causing) no small
emulation (in others) for my marriage, as to whose home
and hearth I should come.’ i.e. there were many rivals

rE ee

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ΤΟΟ EURIPIDES : HECUBA

for her hand, and much debate as to whose bride she
would be. The whole might be rendered ‘causing in men’s
minds much zeal for my marriage, as they questioned to
whose house,’ &c. To suppose that Polyxena means to say
that she was herself eager for marriage would destroy the
delicacy of the passage.
355. γυναιξί, «.7.A. This line violates the law of the
eaesura, and is perhaps interpolated.
μέτα : anastrophe ; its use with the dative case meaning
‘among’ is very rare except in Epic poetry.
ἀπόβλεπτος : from ἀποβλέπω, ‘to look away from all
objects at one’; hence = ‘gazed upon by all,’ ‘admired
of all.’
356. τὸ κατθανεῖν : acc. of respect.
358. εἰωθός : in the unusual sense of ‘habitual’; ef. τὸ
εἰωθός = ‘ habit,
359. δεσποτῶν : gen. governed by τύχοιμι.
φρένας : acc. of respect with ὠμῶν.
360. τύχοιμ᾽ dv: note the repetition of ἄν, ‘perhaps I may

chance upon.’ Note that ὅστις is sing. after a plural ante- .

cedent. This often happens with ὅστις.

362. ἀνάγκην, ‘laying upon me the task (lit. the necessity)
of bread-making in his palace.’

363. κερκίσιν τ᾽ ἐφεστάναι : the xepxis was the rod or comb
by which the transverse threads of the woof were pressed or
combed down tightly, so as to make the web close. Perhaps
the loom generally is meant here (the part being put for the
whole), ‘to stand at the loom.’ ἐφεστάναι, short form of the
inf. perf. act. (intransitive). See Appendix, Note Ὁ.

366. xpavet: fut. χραίνω, ‘will defile.’

367. ἀφίημι, ‘I renounce.’ ἐλεύθερον, emphatic, ‘ while it
is free.’

368. προστιθεῖσα, ‘dedicating,’ ‘consecrating’; Lat. ad-
dicens.

370. του : enclitic for τινός.

ἐλπίδος... δόξης... θάρσος, ‘encouragement in any
hope or expectation.’

372. μηδέν : acc. of extent, ‘in nought.’

373. συμβούλου μοι, ‘join in my wish.’

377. μᾶλλον is strictly redundant, but emphasizes the
comparison, ‘far more happy.’ Cf. ‘the most highest.’

378. μὴ καλῶς, ‘ignobly.’

379. δεινός, «.7.A.: a metaphor from coins. It is as easy
to recognize the stamp of noble birth as it is to know a coin
by its royal ‘image and superscription.’

NOTES. LINES 355. 409 101

380. ἐσθλῶν γενέσθαι = ‘noble birth’ ; explanatory infinitive.
ἐπὶ μεῖζον ἔρχεται, ‘goeth on to greater,’ ‘waxes ever
greater.’

381. τοῖσιν ἀξίοις, ‘in those who are worthy of it.’

382. ‘Nobly said, my daughter; but to the noble aim
sorrow is added.’

τὸ καλόν : lit. ‘the beautiful’ was to the Greeks the
ideal of human virtue. It expresses the idea of moral
beauty.

386. ἡμᾶς : i.e. Hecuba herself.

388. According to the legend that Paris, the famous
archer, slew Achilles by shooting him in the heel, the only
place where he was vulnerable, since his mother Thetis
held him by the heel when she dipped him in the Styx to
make him invulnerable.

891. ἀλλά : sometimes interpolated in this way, like the
German «ber, ‘at any rate.’

395. μηδέ, «.7.A., ‘and would that we had not even had
this (death) !’ ‘apedor, lit. 41 ought ” to have done so and
so came naturally to be used for ‘* would that I had,” so we
often find εἴθε (utinam) with it in this sense, or more
commonly the aor. ὥφελον. The negative, therefore (which
properly negatives the subordinate verb, which is not here
expressed), is rightly μή, not ov, after the idea of duty’
(Sidgwick).

396. πολλή ye: ye in a negative sense, ‘nay.’

397- οὐ yap, «.7.A. The word ἀνάγκη (cf. 1. 362) suggests
that Hecuba is forcing Odysseus as though she were his
mistress and he her slave. Note that the participle (instead
of the infinitive) is used with a verb of perception (οἶδα)
and the nom. case because the subject is the same as that of
the principal verb, ‘I know not that I have.’

398. ὁποῖα, «.7.A.: lit. ‘as (émota adverbial for ὧς) ivy, as
(ὅπως -- ὧς) to the oak (gen. of aim) so will I cling to her.’
The ‘as’ is repeated to give additional pathos. She suits
the action to the word.

401. αὐτοῦ : adverb, ‘ here.’

403. χάλα: understand τὴν ὀργήν.

407. ἀσχημονῆσαι, ‘to act in unseemly fashion.’

ex, ‘by.’
νέου : because Odysseus would command his young
attendants to drag Hecuba away.

408, πείσει : 2nd fut. sing. mid. πάσχω.

μὴ σύ ye: sc. ταῦτα ποίει, ‘act thus.’
409. ἀλλά : cf. 1. 286.

To2 EURIPIDES: HECUBA

410. 86s: with two constructions; ‘give me thy hand
and let me lay cheek to cheek.’

416. av: agreeing with νύμφος and ὑμέναιοι implied in
the adjectives.

418, év”Adou, ‘in (the house) of Hades.’ Cf. expressions
like ‘in St. Paul’s.’

419. δράσω, τελευτήσω : subjunctives.

421. Hpets δὲ... γ᾽, ‘aye, but I’—the particles δέ γε
imply that she goes beyond what Polyxena says, ‘It is
worse to lose fifty children than to die a slave.’

422. oot, ‘for thee’; a pathetic touch. She will carry
a message to the unseen world for her mother.

425. THS... TUXNS: gen. of cause.

426, 427. χαῖρε... χαίρουσιν : a play on the double use of
xaipw, which literally means ‘rejoice.’ ‘Farewell’ and
‘fare well’ give the corresponding play on words in English.
Shakespeare furnishes many examples of similar plays on
words in pathetic passages (e.g. in Richard 11, ii. 1. 74, ‘ Old
Gaunt indeed, and gaunt in being old’ ; iii. 3. 180, ‘In the
base court? Base court, where kings grow base’).

427. Understand χαῖρε from 1. 426. Polyxena thinks of
Polydorus as still amongst the living. Cf. note on 1. 73.

429. πάντα, ‘in all respects, ‘in everything.’ Ace. of
respect, equivalent to adverb (πάνυ). ‘Coming events cast
their shadows before’ in the mind of Hecuba.

430. θανούσης, ‘in death,’ agreeing with σοῦ understood
from τὸ σόν.

432. μ᾽... κάρα : double accus. after ἀμφιθείς = ‘ wrapping
my head.’

433. ἐκτέτηκα : perf. used for pres., probably neuter in
meaning, καρδίαν being acc. of respect; ‘I melt in my
heart,’ i.e. ‘my heart is melted.’

436. μέτεστι δ᾽ οὐδέν, «.7.A., ‘I have no more part in thee
except such time as I am passing betwixt (this moment and)
the sword and Achilles’ pyre,’ i.e. ‘all that is left to me is
the passing to the sacrifice and the dread moment of
sacrifice.’ μεταξύ is occasionally used with one substantive
implying the limit between that and something else ; ‘ the
sword and pyre’ form one expression, summing up the
horrors of the sacrifice. Cf. Tennyson’s Dream of Fair Women,
‘Touched, and I felt no more.’ Cf. 1. 521.

440. ἀπωλόμην : aor. in special sense, ‘I am undone.’

442. ἴδοιμι, ‘may I see.’

443. εἷλε : 1.6. she was the cause of Troy’s capture.

NOTES. LINES 410-443 103

444-483. First στάσιμον.

An ode sung by the entire Chorus after taking up their

position round the altar in the orchestra. The Chorus
speaks in the singular.

SORROWS OF THE CAPTIVE TROJAN WomeEN.

Wind, oh wind of the Ocean,
Which the swift sea-going barks
Bearest o’er the surging sea,
Whither wilt thou take me, wretched ?
Whose palace shall I come to
Bought in slavery ?
Haven of Dorian land
Or Phthian, where men say Apidanus,
Father of fairest waters,
Maketh fat the furrows?
Or of the islands one, hurried in sorrow
By the oar that sweeps the sea,
Bearing pitiful life in the houses,
Where the new-created palm
And the laurel rear their holy boughs,
Glory of her pangs divine,
To Leto the beloved ?
With the maids of Delos shall I sing the praises
Of the golden fillet? and the bow
Of Artemis the goddess?
Or in Pallas’ city
Shall I on the saffron banner
Yoke the horses to the car
Of Athene, charioted in glory,
Broidering on the curious flower-bespangled a,
Or the race of Titans
Which with flaming thunderbolt
Zeus, the son of Kronos, lulls to slumber ?
Woe! for my children,
Woe! for my fathers, and my country, which in smoke
is Whelmed
Smouldering, spear-captured
By the Argives; but I in strange land am called
Bond-servant, leaving Asia,
Receiving Europa’s habitation,
Even the chambers of Hades.

104 EURIPIDES = HECUBA

445. ἅτε : Doric form; so throughout.

448. τῷ : dative of advantage. Take it with οἶκον.

450. ὅρμον : accus. of place to be reached. See note, 1. 146.
The Dorians were one of the three great races of the Greeks
(Ionian, Dorian, Aeolian), Sparta and Corinth were Dorian.

451. Φθιάδος in Thessaly, the home of Achilles.

453. ᾿Απιδανόν : a river watering the rich plains of
Thessaly ; tributary to the Peneus.

455. vaowv depends on ὅρμον in], 450, ‘or to (some harbour)
of the islands ... where.’

457. οἰκτράν, «.7.A.: the line comes in here rather
awkwardly, but must be taken prospectively of her con-
dition as a slave in the house after landing on the island.

458. ἔνθα, «.7.A.: the island is Delos; the story was that
Latona came to Delos and gave birth to Apollo and Artemis,
and in honour of their birth the palm and the bay-tree
were created by Zeus.

mpwrtoyovos, ‘created for the first time,’ ‘new-created.’

459. ἀνέσχε : sing. for plur., ‘ reared.’

461. ὠδῖνος. . . δίας : Latona’s travail brought forth
children of Zeus, Apollo and Artemis.

462. Artemis was worshipped with song and dance by the
maidens of Delos. Cf. Horace, Carm. Saec. On earth she
was the huntress goddess. See illustration. The τε after
᾿Αρτέμιδος is out of place and properly connects ἄμπυκα and
τόξα. Delos was solemnly purified by the Athenians in the
year B.c. 426. Euripides may be alluding to this as familiar
to his hearers, and if so, this helps to fix the date of the
play.

466. The city of Pallas is, of course, Athens. At her
great festival (the Panathenaea) the sacred vestment (peplus)
was carried in procession embroidered with a representation
of the goddess in her war-chariot going out to do battle
against the Titans or Earth-giants who rebelled against
Zeus. Perhaps the picture of the Titans was on the reverse
side of the vestment. The battle is the subject of the
sculptures on the frieze of the Parthenon, the magnificent
temple of the virgin-goddess (map@évos) on the Acropolis at
Athens.

469. ζεύξομαι : not of course to be taken literally. She
would work the picture in embroidery. Slave-girls were
employed in embroidering the vestment.

479. ἐν ξείνᾳ χθονί : a pathetic touch. Cf. in the Psalms,
‘ How shall we sing the Lord’s song in a strange land ?’

482. θεράπναν means either (1) ‘ handmaid’ = θεράπαιναν or

NOTES. LINES 445-506 105

(2) ‘dwelling.’ The latter seems to be always the sense in
Euripides. θεράπναν will then be the accus. governed: by
ἀλλάξασ᾽. Ifthe word be taken to mean ‘ handmaid,’ then
it is in apposition to ᾿Ασίαν and θαλάμους is direct object of
ἀλλάξασα.

483. “AvSa: Doric for “A:dov, genitive. θαλάμους in apposi-
tion to θεράπναν. The happy married life in Troy is to be
exchanged for the misery of slavery in a strange land, to her
literally the chamber of death.

ἀλλάξασα, ‘receiving in exchange.’ ἀλλάσσω, original
meaning ‘change’; then ‘give,’ or as here ‘ receive, in
exchange.’

484-628. Second ἐπεισόδιον.

Talthybius comes to fetch Hecuba to perform the last rites
for Polyxena. He tells the story of the sacrifice. Hecuba
sends a female attendant to fetch lustral water from the
sea. She goes herself to the tents to fetch other necessaries.

484. δήποτε, ‘so lately.’

488. πότερα : understand λέξω. Omit πότερα in trans-
lation.

489. A difficult passage. Probably Mr. Sidgwick gives
the right solution, understanding ὑμᾶς (θεούς) as subject of
κεκτῆσθαι. Translate, ‘O Zeus, what shall I say? (Shall
I say) that thou beholdest men? Or that ye gods have
gained this false repute, idly and in vain, being reputed to
be a race of gods, whereas (8€) chance overruleth all things
among men ?’

ἄλλως = ‘ otherwise than is right,’ so ‘without aim or
purpose,’ ‘ idly,’ ‘ in vain.’

494. ἀνέστηκεν, ‘is overthrown’; an unusual sense of the
word.

497. ὅμως, ‘nevertheless may it be my lot to die.’

499. ἀνίστασ᾽ 70 15 elided ; pres. imper. mid.

μετάρσιον, ‘up.’

501. τίς οὗτος, «.7.A. : a condensed expression for οὗτος, τίς
εἶ ὅστις οὐκ ἐᾷς; οὗτος is often used in exclamations, ‘ You
there!’ Translate, ‘Let me be; who art thou? Why dost
thou not let my body lie?’

503. Ταλθύβιος ἥκω : short for Ταλθύβιος εἰμί, καὶ ἥκω.

504. pera: sc. σε, ‘in quest of thee.’

505. κἀμέ, ‘me too,’ as well as my daughter.

506. δοκοῦν ; cf. 1. 121, ‘ because it is resolved.’

106 EURIPIDES.: HECUBA

506. ὡς φίλα, ‘what welcome tidings.’

511. οὐκ Cpa, ‘thou hast not then.’

513. ἄπο : anastrophe.

514. τοὐπὶ wé€=70 ἐπὶ (crasis) σέ, ‘as touching thee.’
Cassandra and Helen were still alive, and (as she thought)
Polydorus. But she can think now of none but Polyxena.

515. Gp’ αἰδούμενοι, κιτ.λ., ‘was it with reverence, or
did ye come to dreadful violence, as though ye slew an
enemy ?’

518. κερδᾶναι : with bitter irony, ‘to gain a double meed
of tears.’

520. πρὸς τάφῳ te: understand éreygéa. Translate, ‘and
I wept too at the tomb,’

521. You should read the story of the similar death of
Iphigenia at Aulis in Tennyson’s Dream of Fair Women. Cf.
1. 436.

522. ἐπὶ σφαγάς, ‘to see the sacrifice.’

523: χερός, ‘ by the hand,’ gen. of the part taken hold of.
Cf. ll. 64, 543.

524. ἔστησε, ‘made her stand.’ See Appendix, Note Ὁ.

525. Aextot.. . ἔκκριτον νεανίαι, ‘chosen youths select.’

526. σκίρτημα μόσχου of, ‘the struggles of thy daughter.’

529. σημαίνει δέ por, ‘and he signs to me.’

533. Note the difference between σιγή, σῖγα, σίγα (σίγαε).

ἔστησ᾽ : aiselided. The old man likes to dwell on his
own part in the ceremony.

535. δέξαι : aor. mid. imper.

pot: ethic dative, ‘I pray thee.’

536. νεκρῶν dywyous, ‘ bringers forth of the dead,’ dy. being
used as substantive here.

539. λῦσαν with δός, ‘grant to us to loose.’

542. ἐπηύξατο : lit. ‘added their prayer, or ‘joined his
prayer.’

543. κώπηΞ : gen. of part taken hold of, ‘by the hilt.’
Cf. ll. 64, 523.

546. ἐφράσθη : for the mid. éppagaro, ‘ perceived.’

552. αἰσχύνομαι, with infin., ‘I am ashamed (i.e. refuse)
to be called.’ Note the difference between αἰσχύνομαι with
infin. and with participle. αἰσχ. εἶναι = ‘I am ashamed to be
(and am not) i.e. refuse to be.’ αἰσχ. dv = ‘I am ashamed at
being (what I am).’ φαίνομαι has a similar double con-
struction.

553. ἐπερρόθησαν, ‘murmured applause.’

556. οὗπερ, ‘(of him) whose power.’

563. τόδε: sc. στέρνον, governed by tatgov.

NOTES. LINES 506-602 IO7

565. χρήζεις : sc. παίειν.

ὅδε = hicce, * ‘see, here.’

566. 68 ov, #.7.A. This figure of speech (the juxtaposition
of two contrary expressions) is called oxymoron.

568. kal, ° even.’

571. ἀφῆκε πνεῦμα, ‘ yielded up her spirit.’

576. τοιάδε, «.7.A., ‘heard such taunts («axa) as these.’
τοιόσδε is regularly used 1 in reference to what follows. But
in 1. 580 it refers to what precedes.

579. περισσά : adverbial, ‘exceeding brave of heart.’

583. ἐπέζεσε: ἐπιζέω.

584. ἀναγκαῖον, neuter adj. for abstract subst. : ‘necessity,
doom.’ θεῶν, perhaps a predicate. ‘This doom (is) from
the gods.’

587. τόδ᾽ οὐκ ἐᾷ pe, ‘this one (i.e. another grief) doth not
let me rest.’

588. διάδοχος : used here in an active sense ‘making woes
to succeed on woes,’ ‘ bringing one woe after another.’

589 ff. ‘I could not blot out of my mind thy suffering, so
as not to mourn it; and yet the excess of grief thou hast
taken away, because men have brought me tidings of thy
nobleness.’

592 ff. General sense, ‘ Bad land can be made to give good
crops by a good season, good land will fail, if the season be
bad; but the evil man will always be evil, and the good
man good.’

τυχοῦσα... . ἁμαρτοῦσα : conditional, ‘if it receive,’ ‘if
it miss.’

595. ἄνθρωποι : this is called the construction of the whole
and the part, the whole being put first and then the two
parts, ἄνθρωποι. .. ὃ μέν... ὃ δέ. Translate, ‘while in men
even the evil man... the good man.’ See l. 1185,

598. διέφθειρε : lit. ‘nor doth he corrupt,’ i.e. ‘nor is his
nature changed.’ The aorist is used for the present in state-
ments of proverbial truths. Hence it is called the gnomic
aorist (γνώμη, a proverb or maxim).

600. General sense, ‘And yet there is a great deal in
a good education.’ ἔχει ye, ‘and yet to have been brought
up well carries with it at least (ye) the teaching of the
good,’

τοῦτο: i.e. TO ἐσθλόν.

602. οἶδεν : emphatic, ‘he knows that which is base (and
therefore is without excuse if he does not avoid it) learning
it by the law of the good.’

κανών is here used of the standard of right.

108 EURIPIDES : HECUBA

603. ‘And yet these are but random shafts of thought.’
Cf. Tennyson, In Memoriam, |xxxvii :

‘When one would aim an arrow fair,
But send it slackly from the string;
And one would pierce an outer ring,

And one an inner, here and there;

And last the master bowman, he,
Would cleave the mark.’

605. pH... μηδένα : double negative, prohibitive in sense,
‘that none touch my daughter.’

μοι: ethic dative.

606. τοι : introducing a maxim, or proverbial saying,
‘know that in the countless army host.’

608. κακός : i.e. is regarded as an evil man (by his evil
companions),

609. The preparation of bodies for burial was regarded as
a most sacred duty by the Greeks. The corpse was washed,
anointed with the most precious perfumes, and dressed in
a splendid garment.

610. ποντίας ἁλός: partitive gen., either (1) with ἔνεγκε,
‘some sea water’; or (2) with βάψασα, ‘dipping it in,’ &e.
Cf. the beautiful lines of the poet Keats,

‘The moving waters, at their priestlike task
Of pure ablution round earth’s human shores.’

612. νύμφην, «.7.’., the figure of putting contradictory
words (adj. and subst.) together in this way is called
oxymoron. Cf. 1. 566. ‘A bride yet not a bride, a maid
no more a maid,’ ‘ virgin wife and widowed maid.’

613,614. προθώμαι θ᾽ ὡς μὲν ἀξία, κ-τ.λ. Touchingly beautiful
sentences, but difficult to translate, because much would be
supplied by the gesture of the actress. Translate, ‘And
(that I may) lay her out as she deserves, how? I cannot—
but as Tecan.’ The μέν isanswered by 6é. In prose it would
be, ‘Not as she deserves but as I can.’ οὐκ ἂν δυναίμην is
parenthetical. Note use of indirect optative with av for the
direct present. πόθεν, lit. whence ?

τί πάθω ; what am I to do (lit. suffer) ?

618. κλέμμα, ‘any stolen thing from her home (in Troy).’

61g. ‘Ah! vision of my home, alas! once happy halls!
O Priam, lord of wealth surpassing fair, in children most
Llest.’

623. εἶτα δῆτα: i.e. in spite of the vanity of riches and
power.

ὀγκούμεθα, ‘we are puffed up with pride,’ one by riches,
another by political power.

NOTES. LINES 603-644 109

629-657. Second στάσιμον.
THE CURSE UPON THE DAUGHTERS oF TROY AND HELLAS.

For me fated ill,
For me was fated woe,
When first Idaean pinewood
Alexandros hewed him,
To make his voyage o’er the salt sea surges,
For love of Helen, whom of women fairest,
The golden Sun God lightens,
For toil and slavery
Far worse than toil are come about me.
Yea! out of one man’s folly,
Deadly ill to all men
Came on Simois’ land, and woe from others.
And strife was judged, which ’twixt three daughters
of the blest
In Ida a herdsman judged,
For spear and death and outrage of my halls;
Yea, too, around Eurotas, the fair-flowing, mourns
Some tearful Spartan maiden in her home,
And mother of dead children lays her hand
Upon her hoary head,
And tears her cheek,
Making her nail blood-stained with rendings.

629. χρῆν : see note, 1. 265. Understand γενέσθαι with
συμφοράν.

631. Ἰδαίαν... ὕλαν : read Tennyson’s Oenone.

633. ἐτάμεθ᾽ = ἐτάμετο, ‘hewed for himself’ (mid.).

634. ‘EAévas: read Tennyson’s Dream of Fair Women, the
part where he describes Helen’s beauty.

τάν: Doric for τήν --ἧν. The article is used for the
relative, in imitation of the older Greek usage in epic poetry.

639. ἀνάγκαι =the forced tasks (lit. necessities) of slavery.
See 1. 362.

644. ἐκρίθη... κρίνει : a play on the double meaning of
κρίνειν. Paris ‘ decided,’ 1. 6. ‘ fixed irrevocably’ the strife
between Greeks and Trojans, when he ‘decided,’ i. e. ‘ pro-
nounced judgment ’ between the rival goddesses. The story
was that Eris (Strife) in a fit of anger cast a golden apple
among the goddesses with the inscription, ‘ For the fairest.’
Paris had to judge between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite,
and gave the prize to Aphrodite, raising the envy of the
other two.

ITO EURIPIDES: HECUBA

645. μακάρων : i.e. the gods,

646. ἀνὴρ Bovtas: emphatic. It was a wonderful thing
that a mere herdsman should pronounce judgment for
goddesses,

651. Λάκαινα. It is supposed that the play was produced
in the year 424 B.c. If this is so, there may be an allusion
here to the mourning of the Spartan women for the men
who were slain or taken prisoners at the capture of
Sphacteria in the year 425 by the Athenians under Demo-
sthenes and Cleon.

656. δίαιμον : predicate, ‘making her nail blood-stained.’

658-904. Third ἐπεισόδιον.

Hecuba learns the sad truth about Polydorus. Agamem-
non comes to fetch her to the funeral rites of Polyxena.
She tells him the tale, and appeals for his aid. He fears
the army, but at last reluctantly yields so far as to allow
a messenger to be sent to Polymestor to ask him to come to
see Hecuba, bringing his children.

659. θῆλυν σποράν : poetical for γυναῖκας.

660. στέφανον: a wreath or chaplet was awarded to the
victor in the games. The word is of course used here with
bitter irony.

661. τί δέ: understanding some word like dyyéAAes or
φέρεις.

βοῆς : gen. of cause, ‘because of.’

662. ὡς: an exclamation, ‘ how.’

664. εὐφημεῖν στόμα, ‘to speak good-omened words with
the mouth.’

στόμα : ace, of respect.

665. kai priv: generally used to indicate some new actor
coming upon the stage, ‘ see.’

666. és... καιρόν, ‘just in time for (i.e. to hear) thy
words.’

672. ἧς, «.7.A.: lit. ‘whose burial was announced to be
having zealous attention (σπουδήν) by the hand of all the
Ac hacans.’ Or perhaps ᾿Αχαιῶν may be genitive with
σπουδήν and διὰ χερός may be adver bial = -f‘actively.’ Trans-
late, ‘whose burial I was told was having the anxious
active care of all the Achaeans.’ Cf, Il. 572 ft.

676. κάρα... Κασάνδρας : a periphrasis for Cassandra.

678. ζῶσαν Χέλακας, ‘thou eriest aloud of one living.’

λέλακα: perf. with pres. meaning of λάσκω.

NOTES. LINES 645--745 ITI

682. pot: ethic dative, ‘I thought.’

685. νόμον βακχεῖον, ‘a bacchie strain’ in allusion to the
wild songs of the Bacchanals in honour of Bacchus, ‘a .
frenzied tale of woe.’

686. ἐξ ἀλάστορος, «.7.A., ‘lately learning of my sorrows
from the avenging god.’ She had been forewarned in the
dream ; l. 72 ff.

688. ἔγνως yap, ‘ knowest thou then.’

689. δέρκομαι. She seems to see the dreadful deed in
imagination,

690. ἕτερα, «.7.A.: i.e. ‘one set of woes after another,’
‘woes upon woes light upon me’ (Latin altera super altera).
ἀπό: lit. ‘springing from,’ each woe being regarded as the
result of a previous woe.

692. ἐπισχήσει : lit. ‘shall stop me,’ ‘shall come upon me.’

698. κυρῶ : present used vividly for past tense.

699. πέσημα : substantive used rather strangely with a gen.
of the instrument of the fall, ‘felled by gory spear.’

qol. πόντου: gen. governed by the ἐξ in ἐξήνεγκε.

ἔμαθον, ‘I understood’ (all too well).
105. παρέβα : Doric for παρέβη, ‘escape me.’
109. τίς yap; ‘who then?’
οἶσθα, ‘knowest thou how to?’ i.e. ‘canst thou ?’

qil. ἵν᾽, ‘where,’ i. 6. ‘with whom,’ governing the indice.
in this sense.

qi2. ὡς : final, ‘in order that.’

714. ἄρρητα : perhaps understanding λέγω from preceding
line.

718. διεμοιράσω : aor. mid. indic. 2nd pers. sing. διαμοιράω.
Note that the a is kept in the aorist after p.

722. ἔθηκεν, ‘made.’

724. ἀλλὰ..... γάρ, #.7.A.: the ἀλλά belongs to σιγῶμεν, the
sentence with yap being a parenthesis, ‘but let us from
henceforth keep silence, for,’ &e.

127. ἐφ᾽ οἷσπερ : condensed for ἐπὶ τούτοις a, ‘on those
conditions which.’

731. τἀκεῖθεν : ἐκεῖθεν for ἐκεῖ, ‘all things there.’

132. ἐστίν : supply πεπραγμένον.

133. ἐπὶ σκηναῖς : the body lay at the back, near the tents.

134. ᾿Αργείων (ἐστί), ‘he is not (one) of the Argives.’
The two sentences are loosely coordinated.

137. δράσω, προσπέσω : deliberative (aor.) subjunctives.

φέρω : deliberative pres. subj.

145. ἄρα, «.7.A.: lit. ‘can it be that Iam (dpa... ye)
reckoning this man’s mind more (than I ought) in the

It2 EURIPIDES : HECUBA

direction of (πρός) hostility (adjective in the neuter used
for abstract substantive) when he is not (gen. abs.)
hostile ?’ General sense, ‘is this man really my friend after
all?’

748. ἐς ταὐτόν : supply ἐμοί, ‘to the same (conclusion) as
I have’ (τὸ αὐτόν for τὸ αὐτό).

ἐγώ : supply βούλομαι.

751. κἄν, ‘even if,’ καὶ ἐάν. Translate, ‘whether or not.’

752. youvarwv, «.7.A.: genitives of part taken hold of, “1
implore thee by (i.e. clasping) these knees of thine.’ This
use 1s confined to poetry. Cf. 1. 147.

756. Tipwpoupevy : note the difference of meaning and
construction between τιμωρεῖσθαι and τιμωρεῖν. See Vocabulary
or Lexicon, ‘so long as I punish.’

758. καὶ δή: used in calling attention. Translate, ‘ to
what aid, then, dost thou,’ &e.

760. ov: governed by κατα in the verb, ‘o’er which.’

764. οὐ τῶν, x.7.A.: supply ἐστί, ‘he is not one of.’

766. ἀνόνητά ye, ‘yea, all in vain,’ neut. pl. of adj. used
as adverb. Supply ἔτεκον.

769. Tot... χωρίσας, ‘whither... sent he him apart?’

774. τίνος, «.7.A. ; supply ‘could he have perished?’ Trans-
late, ‘by whose hand else ?’

776. τοιαῦτ᾽, ‘even so’ (lit. such things). A natural way
of saying ‘yes.’

782. ὧδε : pointing to the mangled corpse.

784. λοιπόν : sc. ἐστί, ‘there is no evil left for me to
suffer.’

786. τὴν τύχην αὐτήν : i.e. ‘evil fortune personified’ (δυσ-
tuxia). No one can be more unfortunate than I except
‘Misfortune’ herself.

787. ὧνπερ οὕνεκα, ‘for what cause.’

7QI. τούς : sc. θεούς.

193. ἐμοί perhaps with κοινῆς, ‘though he ofttimes shared
the board with me at my house’ (‘in my roll of friendship
being first among my friends’)

194. ξενίας, «.7.A.: abstr. for concrete = ἐένων, ‘in the
number of my friends.’

195. τυχὼν ὅσων, «.7.A., ‘obtaining what he ought (to
have obtained),’ i.e. due hospitality, ‘and receiving anxious
care (at my hands).’ The lines 794 and 795 are perhaps
spurious.

99. xX, «.7.A., ‘and the (καὶ 6) law that is above all gods.’
The sense is that the gods themselves are under the rule of
the eternal law of right and wrong.

NOTES. LINES η48--821 113

800. νόμῳ, «.7.A. : supply εἶναι, ‘for by law (or custom) we
believe the gods to exist.’ Another argument to prove the
supremacy of law. Belief in the existence of God is enjoined
to mankind by commandment. The exact meaning of the
word νόμος is difficult to give in English. Euripides plays
on the different meanings of the word.

8or. καὶ ζῶμεν, «.7.A., ‘and (by law) we live having things
unjust and just defined for us.’

ὡρισμένοι : middle voice, in the sense of having some-
thing done for oneself.

802. 6s: the antecedent is νόμος, ‘and if this law.’

ἀνελθών : lit. ‘coming up to thee,’ i.e. ‘ being referred
to thee.’ Agamemnon was, as it were, the final court of
appeal.

διαφθαρήσεται, ‘shall be dealt with corruptly.’

803. δώσουσιν : the subject is the same as the antecedent
to οἵτινες.

804. φέρειν : see Vocabulary.

805. ἴσον, ‘equal,’ i.e. ‘just,’ ‘impartial.’ τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις,
‘in human affairs.” Note the emphatic double negative.

806. ἐν αἰσχρῷ θέμενος : lit. ‘putting among the disgraceful,’
i.e. ‘regarding as disgraceful.’

807. ὡς, «.7.A.: aS a painter stands a little way off to get
a better view of his picture.

τε would in prose follow ὧς.

812, ποῖ, «.7.A., ‘whither dost thou withdraw thy foot
from me?’ The accus. μ᾽ is governed by ὑπεξάγεις πόδα,
which forms one phrase equivalent to ὑποφεύγεις. For the
use of ὑπό in composition see note 1. 6.

816. πειθώ, «.7.A., ‘but persuasion, which is alone the
ruler among men, we do not any more strive to learn to
the utmost (és τέλος) by offering rewards.’ The meaning
is that education ought to include the art cf persuasion.
The Athenians paid large sums to the so-called ‘Sophists’
who taught rhetoric and general education. The passage is
a sly hit at the insufficiency of education in the time of
Euripides.

818. tv’ ἦν ποτέ : this is an example of ἵνα used with the
indicative to express a purpose that might have been, but
has not been fulfilled. Translate, ‘in order that it might
have been possible to persuade.’

819. βούλοιτο : indefinite optative, ‘whatsoever one might
wish.’

821. ot μὲν τοσοῦτοι. ‘the (so) many children (that
I had).’

EUR. HECUBA 1

114 EURIPIDES : HECUBA
823. τόνδε, ‘yonder.’ She points to the smoke yet rising
from the ruins of Troy, and visible from the Chersonese.

824. τοῦ Aoyov... τόδε, ‘this part of the argument,’

827. ἣ φοιβάς, «.7.A., ‘whom the Phrygians call Cassandra
the inspired.’ Either the accus. or nom. may be used after
καλοῦσι, The emphasis is on gods. Kagavipa is an
emendation proposed by Hermann for the manuscript
reading Κασάνδραν. If the manuscript reading be retained
the line would mean ‘the prophetess whom the Phrygians
call Cassandra.’ But there would be little point in saying
that the Phrygians called her Cassandra, unless she had
two names, one Greek and the other Phrygian.

828. ποῦ, ‘in what action.’

830. χάριν tiv’, ‘what return for.’

834. καλῶς goes with both δρῶν and Spaces.

ὄντα κηδεστήν, ‘one who is thy kinsman’ (by marriage,
because he was brother to Cassandra).

836. εἴ por γένοιτο : εἰ with the optative expresses a wish
for something not yet attained, ‘Oh that I might have.’
It is really the protasis of a condition with the apodosis
suppressed. (See Appendix, note A.)

838. Δαιδάλου : Daedalus, lit. ‘cunning worker,’ the famous
artist of Crete, who worked for Minos, king of Crete.

843. εἰ καὶ μηδέν ἐστιν, ‘although it be as nought,’ ie
either ‘nothing to thee’ or ‘of no avail.’ Others interpret,
‘although she (ἡ πρεσβῦτις) be as nought.’

ὅμως : supply tapacyes.

844. ἐσθλοῦ : supply ἐστίν, ‘it is the part of.’

845. τοὺς κακούς: object (not subject) of δρᾶν κακῶς.

846. συμπίτνει: probably a variety for συμβαίνει, ‘happen.’

847. ἀνάγκας : here used in the sense of ‘relationships,’
like the Latin necessitudo.

διώρισαν : gnomic aorist, ‘ define.’

848. Agamemnon, Hecuba’s natural enemy, is now her
friend, while Polymestor, who ought to be her friend, is
become her enemy.

τιθέντες, ‘making,’ a use very common in poetry.

851. δι᾽ οἴκτου... ἔχω, ‘ hold i in pity’ = ‘pity.’

853. τοῦ δικαίου governed by οὕνεκ᾽.

854. φανείη : the subject is probably δοῦναι δίκην, § if haply
any way of vengeance should appear possible.’

854-5. The ὥστε follows πως, ‘if it (i.e. vengeance δίκη)
might come (frequent use of φαίνομαι in tragedy for the appear-
ance of a deliverer) in some way (mws) so as to be well with thee,
(and if ) at the sume time I might not seem,’ ὅς. Agamemnon

NOTES. LINES 825-883 15

is thinking of his own interests. He does not wish the
army to think that he is planning vengeance upon Poly-
mestor in order to please Cassandra.

857. ἔστιν. .. 7: lit. ‘there is (a point) in which’=‘in
some wise.’

860. χωρίς, «.7.A.: this is Hecuba’s private matter and
has-nothing to do with the army.

861. πρὸς ταῦτα: lit. ‘looking towards,’ ‘having regard
to these things.’ Translate ‘ therefore.’

862. προσαρκέσαι : infin. depending on the adj. ταχύν,
‘swift to aid.’

864. Even the great king Agamemnon is a slave.

866. πόλεος, a form of the genitive found in the Attic
poets.

867. εἴργουσι, «.7.A.: (1) either (taking the μή with χρῆσθαι)
‘prevent him from following his own inclination according
to his better judgment.’ In this case μή is the regular
redundant use of μὴ with the infinitive after verbs of
preventing; ‘prevent him so as not to use,’ i.e. ‘ prevent
him from using.’ But μή seems naturally to belong to
κατὰ γνώμην. (2) Or (taking μή with κατὰ γνώμην) ‘force
him to adopt a course of action not in accordance with
his better judgment.’ But this involves an unusual render-
_ ing of εἴργουσι. On the whole, (2) seems preferable.

868. πλέον νέμεις, ‘assignest more weight than is
right.’

870. ξύνισθι : from ἐύνοιδα : lit. ‘know with me,’ i.e. ‘be
in the secret with me,’ ‘ connive at it.’

871. συνδράσῃς. .. py: the aor. subj. is regularly used
with μή to express a prohibition. Cf. the Latin use of ne
with perf. subj.

872. ᾿πικουρία -- ἐπικουρία. The elision of the first vowel of
a word after a preceding vowel is called prodelision. Cp.
1125.

873. πάσχοντος, «.7.A.: gen. abs. ‘when the Thracian
suffers.’

πείσεται: fut. of πάσχω.
874. μὴ δοκῶν: supply εἴργειν.
ἐμὴν χάριν for ἐμοῦ χάριν, as we say ‘for my sake,’ as
well as ‘for the sake of me.’ Cf. 1. 1243.
875. Ta... ἄλλα: acc. of respect.
θάρσει : parentheticai.

882. τὸν ἐμὸν φονέα: Polymestor has murdered Hecuba
as well as Polydorus.

883. ἀρσένων : gen. of the object, ‘ power over men.’

12

116 EURIPIDES: HECUBA

684. General sense, ‘Many women can overcome one man,
especially when they use craft.’

885. μέμφομαι, ‘distrust,’ ‘ despise.’

886. Αἰγύπτου : the daughters of Danaus murdered the
sons of Aegyptus, who were to be their husbands, on their
wedding night. There were fifty sons of Aegyptus and fifty
daughters of Danaus. Only one son, Lynceus, was spared
by one of the daughters, Hypermnestra.

887. Λῆμνον : the legend was that the women of Lemnos
slew their husbands.

888. τόνδε μέν, «.7.A., ‘ cease this talk.’

889. πέμψον. . . ἀσφαλῶς, ‘give safe conduct.’

μοι: ethic dative, ‘I pray thee.’

890. πλαθεῖσα : aor. pass. (from root mAa-) of πελάζω.

892. gov... χρέος, ‘for thy advantage.’ χρέος here used
like χάριν (1. 874).

896. μιᾷ φλογί : some word must be supplied, ‘consumed
in one flame.’

πλησίον, ‘side by side.’ The bodies were first burnt on
a funeral pyre, and the ashes then buried in the earth.
897. κρυφθῆτον : weak aor. pass. subj. dual of κρύπτω.
899. πλοῦς, ‘time for sailing.’
οὐκ ἂν εἶχον : lit. ‘I should not have had (the means),
i.e. ‘have been able.’

901. ὁρῶντας, ‘ watching for.’

902. γένοιτο δ᾽, «.7.A.: Agamemnon distrusts what is to
come, ‘may all somehow be well.’

905-952. Third στάσιμον.

Tue Sack or ‘Troy.

Thou, O fatherland of Troy,
City of those not sacked no longer shalt be called;
So great a crowd of Hellenes holds thee round about
Sacking with spear, with spear.
And of thy diadem of towers
Thou hast been shorn, and sore defiled
With stain of smoke most pitiful.
Ah me! no longer shall I walk in thee.
At midnight I was ruined
When after feasting pleasant sleep upon the eyes
Is shed, and from the songs and choral sacrifice
Making us all to cease
My lord within his chamber lay,

NOTES. LINES 884-916 117

His polished spear upon the hook,
Seeing no more the sailors’ host
Treading the land of Ilian Troy.
But I with binding snood
Was ordering my hair,
Gazing in the rays unending
Of the mirrors wrought of gold,
That I might fall upon my bed for rest.
And a ery went up the city;
This was the shout in Ilium’s city, ‘Ho!
Ye sons of Hellenes, when, oh when will ye,
Sacking the tower of Ilium, come home?’
Then leaving my dear couch
With single robe, like Dorian maid,
Sitting, suppliant of the holy
Artemis, I gained, ah! nought!
But seeing my husband slain, am led
Over the deep salt sea,
And looking back upon my city, when
The ship hauled homeward sheet, and me from land
Of Ilium parted, ah! with grief I swooned,
Helen, the sister of the Twins, and Ida’s herdsman,
Fell Paris, dooming to a curse, because
That marriage—marriage none, but some Avenger’s woe
Reft me of my fatherland, and drove from home;
Her ne’er may ocean's wave bring back again,
Ne’er may she reach her father’s home.

905. This chorus is one of the most dramatic of all the
choric songs in Euripides.

9οϑ. ἀμφί: separated from κρύπτει by the figure called
τμῆσις (‘cutting’), ‘hides thee round about,’ ‘wraps thee
round.’

gio. ἀπό belongs to κέκαρσαι, from which it is separated
by ‘tmesis.’ So κατά in next line belongs to κέγχρωσαι.
See go8.

στεφάναν : acc. governed by ἀποκέκαρσαι (mid.), ‘thou

hast had shorn away.’

912. κηλῖδα : cognate ace. with κατακέχρωσαι,͵

913. ἐμβατεύσω, ‘walk in’; cf. in the Psalms, ‘ Walk about
Sion, and go round about her.’ The grief of the women
over their fallen city is the same as that of the Jews over
Jerusalem.

916. χοροποιῶν : the sacrifices were accompanied with
dances round the altar.

118 EURIPIDES : HECUBA

μολπᾶν : Doric for μολπῶν. So θυσιᾶν.

QI]. καταπαύσαξ. ‘making me to cease.’

g20. ξυστόν : properly an adjective, ἔγχος (spear) being
understood. It may be taken as a kind of nominative
absolute, or an ace, governed by some word like ἀγκρεμάσας
(‘having hung up’).

921. The Grecian fleet had retired
to 'Tenedos in order to deceive the
Trojans.

926. ἀτέρμονας : a _ picturesque
epithet. As ἐνόπτρων is plural we
may suppose that there were many
mirrors hung in the room, and the
reflection of. mirror within mirror
seemed to give the idea of an end-
less, ever-retreating, image. Readers
of Alice through the Looking Glass can
appreciate the mysteries (from the
humorous side) of this untravelled
world. The mirrors of the ancients
were made of polished metal, not
of glass, the manufacture of which
had not been discovered.

928. ava: governing πόλιν, or by
tmesis with ἔμολε.

933. μονόπεπλος, «.7.A.: there were
usually two garments worn, the
χιτών, or tunic, and the ἱμάτιον or
χλαῖνα, a loose flowing robe worn
over the tunic, and fastened at the
shoulder with a brooch (περόνη).
The Spartan women seem to haye

BronzE Mirror. (In worn only the χιτών.
the British Museum.) 936. οὐκ ἤνυσα: understanding

οὐδέν, lit. ‘I did not effect any-
thing,’ i.e. ‘I did not obtain answer to my prayer.’

940. πόδα : either metaphorically of the ship’s ‘foot,’ or
literally of the ‘sheet’ rope (of the sail).

946. αἰνόπαριν : strictly a substantive, like δύσπαρις in
Homer, and may be taken as such in apposition to βούταν,
or as an adjective in agreement with βούταν.

950. ἐξῴκισεν.... οἴκων : a pleonastic expression, οἴκων not
being actually needed to complete the sense.

NOTES. LINES 917-970 ΤΙ9

953-end. Fourth ἐπεισόδιον.

Polymestor arrives. Under pretence of showing him
some buried treasure, Hecuba entices him and his chil-
dren within the tents.

955. σέθεν : Epic genitive of ov, used in poetry.

956. οὐδὲν πιστόν, ‘nothing to be trusted’ or ‘relied upon.’

957. αὖ may be taken with οὔτε, ‘nor again’ (farther),
or with πράξειν, ‘nor that one who is faring well will not
again fare ill.’ The first is more natural from the position
of av. The whole sentence is substantival, in apposition to
οὐδέν.

958. φύρουσι, ‘confound.’ (φύρειν : lit. “ἕο mix’ (a potion).
Cf. 959.)

αὐτά : i.e. ‘prosperity and adversity,’ or ‘ human life
generally.’

πάλιν τε καὶ πρόσω, ‘backwards and forwards,’ ‘this
way and that.’

959. ἐντιθέντες : as though mingling a potion for men to
drink. Cf. the expressions ‘cup of joy,’ ‘cup of sorrow.’

ἀγνωσίᾳ : in blind ignorance of what is to come.

961. προκόπτοντα : agreeing with ἐμέ or τινά, subject of
θρηνεῖν. προκόπτειν is literally used of the pioneers of an
army, and so comes simply to mean ‘advance.’

és πρόσθεν κακῶν : either (1) lit. ‘to the front of evils,’
i.e. ‘ahead of evils’; or (2) és mpécdev=‘ forwards,’ and
κακῶν is the partitive genitive with mpoxémrovrta=‘ making
no forward advance in misfortune.’ Perhaps the latter is
best.

962. ἀπουσίας : gen. of cause.

oxés, ‘hold,’ ‘stay thy reproof.’

963. τυγχάνω : pres. (vivid) for past.

964. ἀφικόμην : sc. οἴκαδε.

965. ἤδη, «.7.A., ‘this maid of thine meets me at the very
moment when I was lifting my foot (to go) out of my house
(to come and see you),’

αἴροντί pot: dative governed by és ταὐτόν, lit. ‘at the
same time with,’ &e.

968. ἐναντίον, ‘face to face.’

970. ὅτῳ, #.7.A. : some commentators have supposed these
lines to be corrupt, but it is more natural to suppose that
the poet means Hecuba’s speech to be abrupt and halting.
She has her own reasons for not wishing to look Polymestor
in the face. ὅτῳ has no antecedent. Hecuba in her assumed

120 EURIPIDES : HECUBA

or real agitation speaks abruptly and enigmatically ; ‘For
(before one) by whom I was seen in my prosperity ...
shame covereth me.’

αἰδώς μ᾽ ἔχει -- αἰδοῦμαι, and hence τυγχάνουσα is put in
the nomin.

971. ἵνα, ‘ where’ =‘in which.’

972. ὀρθαῖϑ, lit. ‘straight’ = ‘ unflinching,’ ‘ unaverted.’

973. αὐτό : viz. ‘that I cannot look thee in the face.’

σέθεν : objective gen., ‘towards thee,’ σέθεν, poetical
form for σοῦ.

974. ἄλλως, ‘on other grounds,’ ‘ besides.’

αἴτιόν τι : predicate, understanding ἐστι. The neuter of
the adjective is used here as a substantive =‘ cause.’ τι may
be rendered ‘in some sense,’ ‘to some extent.’

καί, ‘also.’

νόμος, ‘custom’ (subject).

975: γυναῖκας, «,7.A.: substantival clause; in apposition
to νόμος.

976. τίς χρεία oe: supply ἔχει, i.e. ‘in what hast thou
need of me?’

977. τί χρῆμα : ace. of respect, ‘as to what thing,’ i.e. ‘ for
what purpose.’

ἐπέμψω for μετεπέμψω.
τὸν ἐμὸν πόδα : lit. ‘sent for my foot,’ i.e. ‘sent for me
to come.’

978. ἐμαυτῆς, ‘of myself’ = ‘of mine own.’ δή gives -
mysterious emphasis to ἐμαυτῆς.

979. pot: ethic dative, ‘ prithee.’

981. ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ : adjective used for substantive, ‘in safety.’

ἐρημία: the fact that we are alone is a guarantee of
safety.

984. py always has a slightly different sense from ov.
Here it has a generic force; ‘(the class of) friends who fare
not well, ‘such of his friends as fare not well.’

985. ἕτοιμος : supply ἐπαρκεῖν.

986. εἰπὲ παῖδα, ‘tell me about the child.’

Πολύδωρον : in apposition to παῖδα.
989. μάλιστα, ‘most surely’; supply (7.
τοὐκείνου. .. μέρος : acc. of respect, ‘as far as concerns
him.’

990. Hecuba speaks with concealed irony, ‘ What a clever
lie !’

992. τῆς τεκούσης τῆσδε... pov, ‘me, his mother,’ gen.
governed by μέμνητα;, τῆσδε being often thus used in speaking
of oneself. τι-- αὖ all’ (Jit. ‘in anything’).

>

NOTES. LINES 971-1012 I2I

993. ὡς is used for πρός as a preposition, meaning ‘to,’
‘towards,’ with persons only.

996. τῶν πλησίον would naturally = ‘thy neighbours,’
πλησίον being used as an adverb with the article (like of
mpiv,oi νῦν) of πλησίον (ὄντες; = ‘those who are thy neighbours.’
But here τῶν πλησίον is used in the unusual sense of ‘the
things which are thy neighbours.’ The full phrase would
be τὰ τῶν πλησίον, and the genitive would be τῶν τῶν πλησίον.
One of the articles is omitted. It is possible, however, that
τὰ πλησίον may have meant ‘the things near to thee,’ i.e.
‘thy neighbour’s things,’ in which case there would be no
omission of article. Translate, ‘ neither lust after the things
of thy neighbours.’

997. ἥκιστα used like Latin minime as a negative, ‘by no
means.’

ὀναίμην, «.7.A., ‘may I enjoy what I have got’; τοῦ
παρόντος being contrasted with τῶν πλησίον (1. 996). Note
the optative in principal clause expressing a wish—the
regular use.

τοῦ παρόντος : partitive genitive. Polymestor has his
own meaning for the words, which the spectators would
understand. He hasan uncomfortable feeling that ‘ill-gotten
gains never prosper.’

1000, ἔστω φιληθείς, «.7.A.: the subject is unexpressed,
Hecuba meaning to speak obscurely. It may be (1) λόγος,
or (2) mais, or (3) χρυσός. It seems easiest to understand
λόγος from the preceding line, ‘May my speech (what I have
to say) be as dear to thee as thou art now dear to me,’
Of course Hecuba really means ‘may my speech be as
hateful to thee,’ ἅς. Polymestor is impatient. and inter-
rupts, eager to know what secret she has to disclose. Some
commentators prefer to alter the reading to ἔστ᾽, ὦ, and make
Heeuba’s sentence continued in 1. 1002; the sing. verb ἔστ᾽
would be followed by a subject in the plural (σχῆμα Πιν-
dapixév) in that ease.

Ioo4. εὐσεβής : again in bitter irony. Cf. in Julius Cuesar,
Antony’s speech, ‘ Brutus is an honourable man.’

1007. τῇδε, ‘in this way, ‘it is wiser so.’

1008. ἵνα : local ‘where’; supply εἰσίν.

Iolo. γῆς : genitive depending on ὑπέρ in the verb, ‘ rising
up above the earth.’

IOIl. ἔτι... τι, ‘anything further,’ ‘anything more.’ Cf.
the French encore and the German noch.

Ior2. ois: governed by σύν in the verb, ‘with which
I came forth (from Troy).’

122 EURIPIDES : HECUBA

1013. πέπλων, «.7.A.: supply ἔχεις with the first clause;
‘Hast thou it within thy robes, or hast thou it concealed’
(somewhere else) ?

κρύψασ᾽ ἔχεις : stronger than κέκρυφας -- “ hast thou con-
cealed it, and hast thou got it?’

IOI5. αἵδε (haecce), ‘here are the fences wherein the ships
of the Achaeans are stationed.’ The ships were drawn up
on the shore, and protected by a palisade.

ναύλοχοι : lit. ‘affording station for ships.’

ΙΟΩΙ. ὧν governed by Set, ‘of which there is need (to)
thee’ =‘of which thou hast need.’ Polymestor thinks
Hecuba speaks of his going home again. She means that
he will go to Hades.

1022. Lyric Interlude.

THE Doom or PoLYMESTOR.

‘Not yet hast thou paid, but perchance shalt pay the penalty,
As a man staggering falleth into troubled water without
haven,

From thy dear heart rending the life’.

For wherein that which gives a pledge

To man’s justice and to gods falleth into one,
Deadly, deadly is the curse.

And hope shall baulk thee of this way, which brought thee
To deadly Hades, ah! unhappy man!

And by a hand unwarlike shalt thou leave thy life.’

1023. A short chorus allows time for the attack upon
Polymestor to begin.

1025. ἀλίμενον, «.7.A.: these lines are difficult. It is not
clear what is the metaphor, and the reading is not altogether
certain. (In the text ἐκπεσεῖ is omitted after λέχριος as a pro-
bable emendation.) ἄντλον may mean ‘the hold’ ofa ship or
‘the bilge-water’ in the hold. Probably here the latter
meaning is predominant, and the word is extended to mean
any troubled water from which there is no haven of escape.
λέχριος : the idea seems to be that Polymestor is walking ‘in
slippery places,’ and suddenly staggers and falls on one side.
In the translation φίλας καρδίας is taken with the words

' Or perhaps ‘ because thou didst take away a dear heart’s
life,’ i.e. the life of Polydorus; taking καρδίας as possessive
genitive.

NOTES. LINES 1013-1040 123

which follow; this, on the whole, gives the best sense.
The metaphor may be of a man walking along the ship’s
gangway and tumbling into the hold, where he finds bilge-
water, which is Hades. If so, it is not a very dignified one.

ἀμέρσας : the root meaning of ἀμέρδω is ‘ deprive of,’ ‘ be-
reave of.’ Here, however, it appears to be used in the sense
of ‘rob,’ take away. φίλας καρδίας may be either (1) gen.
of separation, ‘robbing thy life from thy dear heart,’ or
(2) gen. of possession, ‘robbing thy dear heart’s life.’

1029, τὸ yap ὑπέγγυον, «.7.A.: ‘where that which is
liable to justice (human law) and to gods (divine law)
falls together,’ i.e. ‘coincides.’ ὑπέγγυος Ξε ΄ liable to be
ealled to account.’ Polymestor was responsible both to
Priam and Hecuba, and also to the gods, when he took
Polydorus into his care. He was guilty before God and man.

1032. 6500: probably gen. of separation governed by
ψεύσει. Others take it with ἐλπίς ; see translation.

1035. φέγγος : accus. of respect.

1035-end. ἔξοδος.

Conclusion of the play. Polymestor is outraged and his
children murdered. He tells the story to Agamemnon and
appeals to him. Hecuba makes her defence. Agamemnon
gives judgment. An unseemly wrangle follows between
Hecuba and Polymestor; the latter prophesies the fate of
Hecuba and Agamemnon.

1037. μάλ᾽ αὖθις : μάλα strengthens the word, with which
it goes, ‘again, again !’
σφαγῆς : genitive of cause, with ὦμοι.
TO3Q. οὔτι μὴ φύγητε, ‘in no wise shall ye escape.’
ov μή is used with the aorist subjunctive to express
a strong denial. The construction is generally explained as
elliptical. ‘There is no fear lest ye escape,’ ‘no chance
of your escaping.’ It is possible, however, that the οὐ μή is
simply a double negative, and the subjunctive a trace of an
older future use, i. e. ‘ye shall by no means escape.’ (This
usage must be carefully distinguished from οὐ μή with the
fut. indic. (sometimes printed with the interrogative sign)
which carries the force of a strong prohibition. οὐ μὴ ποιήσεις
ταῦτα, “ do not do this.’)
1040. βάλλων, ‘smiting’ (with my fist).
puxovs : a regular word for the women’s inner apart-
ments.

124 EURIPIDES : HECUBA

1041. βαρείας, «.7.A., ‘the blow of a heavy hand is
launched.’ =

1042. βούλεσθ᾽ ἐπεισπέσωμεν ; a combination of a simple
question and a deliberative question, ‘Is it your will that
we rush in ?’

1047. καθεῖλες ; ‘didst thou entrap ?’

κρατεῖς ; ‘hast thou him in thy power?’

1052. ξύν, ‘ with the help of.’

1053. ὅδε, hicce, ‘behold ! he comes.’

1055. Θρῃκί : dative of advantage, ‘stand aside for.’

θυμῷ : dat. with ζέοντι, ‘ boiling with rage.’
1056. πᾶ : Doric form.
βῶ.... στῶ... κέλσω: deliberative subjunctives.
κέλσω, strictly a nautical word, understanding ναῦν. Trans-
late, ‘whither shape my course ?’
1058. τιθέμενος, ‘making for myself,’ i. 6. ‘imitating.’
ἐπὶ χεῖρα, ‘on hand’ (and knee).
κατ᾽ ἴχνος, ‘on the track.’

1059. ποίαν : supply ὁδόν.

ro6r1. ἐξαλλάξω : lit. ‘take in exchange,’ ‘take in turn.’
See note, 1. 483.

1065. μυχῶν : With ποῖ, ‘into what corners.’

με πτώσσουσι is strictly intransitive, but here takes an
accusative, ‘cower from me.’ Or πτώσσουσι φυγᾷ may=
pevyoust.

1067. ἀκέσαι᾽ : o is elided. Be careful of the parsing of
this word,

1068. ἀπαλλάξας, ‘relieving me from,’ ‘ridding me of.’
Contr. 1. 1108,

τυφλόν... φέγγος : example of the figure called oxy-
moron; ep. 1]. 612.

1070. πόδ᾽ ἐπᾳξας : lit. ‘rushing (with) my foot,’ i.e.
‘rushing,’ πόδα perhaps a descriptive accusative (or accus.
of the instrument of motion.—Liddell & Scott). Cp. 1. 53.

1073. ἀρνύμενος, ‘winning for myself outrage (upon
them), as requital for my maltreatment,’ = ‘blindness,’
‘blind light.’

1076. διαμοιρᾶσαι : explanatory (epexegetic) infinitive.

1078. ἐκβολάν: perhaps alluding to the practice of
exposing children on the mountains for wild beasts to
prey upon them, ‘savagely cast out to be a prey upon the
mountains.’

1080. vats ὅπως, «.7.A. The explanation of this passage
seems to be that Polymestor suits the action to the word.
φᾶρος is the word for the long outer robe (ἱμάτιον) worn by

NOTES. LINES 1041-1112 125

men, It is also used for a sail of a ship. Polymestor girds
his robe round him with his girdle, so that it may not
entangle his movements, and compares himself (somewhat
confusedly, it must be admitted) to a ship shortening or
furling sail, and * coming about’ (κάμπτειν). ‘Girding this
linen robe, like a ship, with sea-going ropes.’ Metaphors of
this kind strike us as laboured and even comical, but it
must be remembered that the Athenians were born sailors,
and loved all references to the sea.

1084. ὀλέθριον κοίταν, ‘this murderous lair,’ i.e. the
women’s hiding-place,

τέκνων With φύλαξ.
1086. δεινά, predicate.
τἀπιτίμια = τὰ ἐπιτίμια. ‘the penalty.” Some edd. insert
here a line δαίμων ἔδωκεν, ὅστις ἐστί σοι βαρύς.

1090. κάτοχον, ‘ possessed by Ares,’ i.e. under the sway of
the god of war.

1098. λώβας : causal genitive.

1099. τράπωμαι.... πορευθῶ : deliberative subjunctives.

Iroo-1106, General sense, ‘Shall I fly to heaven or to
hell?’

IIOI, ἀμπτάμενος : syncopated form for dvamtapevos. Take
ἔνθα before ᾿᾽ὥρίων.

1105. ἍΑιδα : Doric for “Acdov.

1106. πορθμόν : i.e. the Styx. Charon was the ferryman.

ἄξω, ‘shall I fly (to),’ with direct accusative.

I107. ξυγγνωστά : supply ἐστί, ‘it is pardonable’; plural
used for singular.

κρείσσονα, «.7.A., ‘evils too heavy to bear.’
φέρειν : epexegetic infinitive. Subject of φέρειν, τινά
understood.

1108, ἐξαπαλλάξαι. Probably the subject is τινα, the object
ἑαυτόν understood. Tr. ‘to rid oneself of.’ Cp. 1068.

T109. οὐ γάρ, «.7.A. ‘For Echo, child of the mountain
rock, no longer silent, crieth aloud throughout the host,
making tumult.’ In classical mythology Echo was a
nymph, daughter of Air and Earth, who pined away for
love of Narcissus, until nothing remained of her but her
voice—

‘Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv’st unseen
Within thy airy shell.’—Mzrrton.

1112. qopev: short Attic form for ἤδειμεν, plup. of οἶδα.
Verbs of perception take the participle (πεσόντας) instead of
the infinitive.

126 EURIPIDES : HECUBA

[113. παρέσχεν : we should have expected παρέσχεν ἄν,
‘would have caused.’ But the simple tense without ἄν is
sometimes used in the apodosis of a conditional sentence.
We have the same idiom in English, ‘If thou hadst been
there, my brother had not (=would not have) died.’ (Cf.
in Horace, Car. ii. 17. 28 sustulerat for sustulisset. )

1115. φωνῆϑ may be gov erned by ησθόμην (which some-
times takes the gen.), or by ἀκούσας. Probably the latter,
de | perceived (thee), by hearing thy voice.’ Polymestor, of
course, is blind.

1119. dpa: emphasizes ὅστις. whoever he was.’

1121. οὐκ ἀπώλεσ᾽ : corrective of ἀπώλεσε, ‘nay, not
destroyed.’

μειζόνως : understand ἔπραξε or some such word.

1123. ἀμήχανον : lit. ‘without means or resource’ (a nega-

tive, μηχανή) ; then in passive sense, ‘not to be explained,’
‘inconceivable,’ ‘dreadful.’

1125. ποῦ σθ᾽ : ᾽σθ᾽ -εἐστι.. Cp. 1. 872.

1127. τί πάσχεις ; ‘ what ails thee ?’

1128. μέθες μ᾽ ἐφεῖναι : lit. ‘let me go, ... to lay.’ ἐφεῖναι,
epexegetic infinitive (- ὥστε ἐφεῖναι). Translate, ‘unhand
me! let me lay,’ &e.

1129. TO βάρβαρον : neut. adj. with article used for the
abstract noun (like τὸ καλόν -- beauty), ‘ thy savagery.’ The
word is appropriately used of Polymestor who was ἃ.
barbarian in the eyes of the Greeks.

1132. λέγοιμ᾽ ἄν. ‘I will tell thee.’ The optative with ἄν
is frequently used in conversation for a modified future.
Strictly the phrase means, ‘I would speak (if you would
allow me).’ So we say in English, ‘I would say,’ ‘I would
venture to suggest.’

1134. τρέφειν : epexegetic infinitive.

1135. δή, ‘I suppose,’ ‘it would seem.’

1137. ws εὖ, «.7.A.: supply ἔκτεινα. ὡς =‘ how.’

1138. Polymestor, with miserable treachery, endeavours
to make capital out of his murder, by pretending that he
committed the crime for the sake of the Greeks.

1139. ἀθροίσῃ. . . ξυνοικίσῃ : strict sequence would require
the optative (the historic mood) after the historic tense
ἔδεισα. But the primary sequence is often used after
historic tenses in order to give greater vividness to the
narrative. See ]. 27.

Τροίαν : for Τρῶας, ‘might gather the Trojans and re-
people Troy once more.’

1141. Gpeav: aor. opt. from αἴρω. The historic sequence
is resumed.

NOTES. LINES 1113-1173 127

1144. ἐν ᾧπερ, ‘in (or ‘under’) which.’ Antecedent is
κακόν.
νῦν, ‘but now,’ of the immediate past.

1146. ws... φράσουσα, ‘as though to tell me of,’ ὡς
expressing the pretended purpose.

1148. εἰσάγει : historic present; cf. 1. 10, so Wo
below.

1149. δόμους : governed by the εἰς in εἰσάγει, ‘ tents.’

II51. πολλαί agrees with κόραι in next line.

1152. ὡς δή : δή emphasizes the pretence, ‘as though
forsooth.’

1153. Kepkida : lit. ‘the comb’ of the loom by which the
threads of the woof were driven home; here used for
the work itself, ‘the cunning work of Edonian hand.’ The
Edonians were Thracians, who were famous for their loom
work.

1154. ὑπ᾽ αὐγάς : ὑπό with the accusative implies motion
towards, ‘(holding) these robes of mine to the light and
gazing (on them).’

1156. διπτύχου στολίσματος, ‘of my double armament.’
Ancient heroes are always represented as carrying two
spears, hence διπτύχου.

1157. ἐκπαγλούμεναι, ‘lost in wonder at.’

1159. διαδοχαῖς, «.7.A.: lit. ‘exchanging them in succes-
sions of hands,’ i.e. ‘passing them from hand to hand.’
There is no caesura in this line. :

1160. ἐκ, ‘after’ (lit. ‘out of’).

γαληνῶν : adjective.
πῶς Soxets; ‘how thinkest thou?’ 1.6. ‘canst thou
believe it?’

1162. αἱ δέ, ‘ others,’ as though ai μέν had preceded.

δίκην : the accus. is used adverbially =‘ after the manner
of,’ ‘like enemies.’

1165. et... éfaviorainv: pres. opt. implying repeated
effort, ‘ each time I strove to lift.’

1166. κόμης, ‘by the hair,’ genitive of the part seized.

1167. οὐδὲν ἤνυον : i.e. ‘all my efforts were fruitless’ ; cf.
1. 936.

πλήθει : causal dative, ‘ by reason of.’
1168. τὸ λοίσθιον, ‘at last’ (adverbial).
πῆμα πήματος πλέον: in general apposition to the
sentence, ‘ woe worse than woe.’

1170. Tas ταλαιπώρους κέρας, ‘ these poor pupils.’

1172. ἐκ : tmesis.

1173. ὥς : when following its noun takes an accent.

128 EURIPIDES : HECUBA

1175. σπεύδων, «.7.., ‘for furthering thy cause’; ef.
ll. 1138 ff.

[177]. μακρούς : the adjective explains the verb more
fully. This is called the proleptie (wpoAnyis) use of the
adjective, ‘stretch my story to great length.’

1178. τῶν mpiv: goes with 71s. Censure of women was
a common theme of ancient poets, especially Euripides, who
was unhappy in his experience of them. On th» other
hand, Euripides has given us pictures of the noblest of
women, Polyxena, Alcestis, Iphigenia, το.

1179. λέγων : supply κακῶς.

τίς : indefinite pronoun, accented because followed by
another enclitie word ἐστιν.

1181. Omit γάρ in translation.

1182. ἀεί, ‘from time to time,’ ‘for the time being,’ an
extended use of dei, especially common with the article and
participle.

1183. μηδέν : accus. of respect, used adverbially, ‘In
nought be arrogant.’

τοῖς... κακοῖς : dat. of cause, ‘ by reason of.’
σαυτοῦ : emphatic.

1185, 1186. It is impossible to make good sense of these
lines, which are probably spurious, unless either (1), ἐπί-
φθονοι can be taken to mean ‘objects of envy,’ i. e. ‘ noble.’
But its usual sense appears to be ‘ objects of hatred,’ i. e.-
‘wicked’ ; or (2), for τῶν κακῶν, μὴ κακῶν be read. But the
generic use of μή with an adjective and without the article
is exceedingly rare. Adopting the first alternative as at
least possible, we may translate :—‘ For in the case of many
of us, some are objects of envy, while others are by nature
included in the number of the wicked.’ The construction
of πολλαί, followed by ai μέν and ai δέ, is the construc-
tion of the whole and the part (σύνεσις καθ᾽ ὅλον καὶ pépos).
See l. 595. >

1187. οὐκ ἐχρῆν ποτε, ‘it ought never to have been
permitted,’

1188, τῶν πραγμάτων : gen. of comparison with πλέον.

1189. ἀλλ᾽ εἴτε : understand τις, ‘But if a man’s deeds
were good.’ εἴτε instead of «i, because of εἴτε following.

1190. εἴτ᾽ αὖ, «.7.A.: supply ἔδρασε with πονηρά, ἔδει with
λέγειν.

τιοι. καὶ μή, «.7.A., ‘and ἃ man ought (ἔδει τινά) never to
be able to give a fair seeming account of unjust deeds.’ It
was a favourite accusation against the philosophers of the
time, that they were able to make the worse cause appear

᾽

NOTES. LINES 1175-1215 129

the better. Hence σοφοί and σοφισταί came to be terms of
reproach. (Hence our words ‘sophist’ and ‘sophistical’
which are always used in a bad sense.) Even Socrates
himself did not escape this charge among the Athenians.

1192. σοφοὶ μὲν οὖν, «.7.A., ‘wise men, it may be (μὲν οὖν),
are they who have investigated these things (i.e. the art
of proving wrong to be right) accurately ; but they cannot be
wise to the end, but they (have always) perished miserably ;
none ever yet escaped.’ The word σοφοί is used throughout
this passage in a bad sense; Euripides is sneering at the
philosophers of his day.

ἀκριβόω : lit. ‘make accurate,’ so ‘investigate accurately,’
‘understand thoroughly.’

1195. Kat μοι, x.7.A., ‘what relates to thee (τὸ odv) in my
speech (μοι, ethic dative) is thus in prelude,’ i.e. ‘thus
much I say to thee by way of prelude.’

I196. ἀμείψομαι : root meaning, ‘exchange’; hence in
middle voice, ‘exchange answers’ in dialogue, ‘ answer.’

1197. ἀπαλλάσσων, ‘taking away double toil from the
Achaeans,’ i. 6. saving them from the necessity of re-taking
Troy.

1198. κτανεῖν : inf. depending on φῇς.

1109. ποῦ ποτε: lit. ‘whereever ?’ i.e. ‘in what instance?’

I20r. τίνα δὲ καί, ‘and besides (καί), what favour wast
thou zealous in promoting ?’

1202, κηδεύσων τινά, ‘to ally thyself in marriage to some
one.’

1207. κέρδη τὰ od, ‘thy avarice.’

kat joins κέρδη (which is nomin.) with χρυσός.

1208. ἐπεί, ‘for.’

1211. τί δ᾽, ‘why, I say,’ taking up πῶς in 1. 1208, and
making a fresh start in the sentence.

ov τότε belong to ἔκτεινας and ἦλθες.

1212. χάριν θέσθαι, ‘to earn this man’s gratitude’; lit. ‘to
store up for thyself gratitude in this man.’ The metaphor
is probably connected with the idea of lodging money with
a banker.

1215. καπνῷ δ᾽ ἐσήμηνε, «.7.A. Some suppose a line to be
lost here, but probably the words καπνῷ δ᾽ ἐσήμην᾽ ἄστυ are
a parenthesis, and πολεμίων ὕπο goes with οὐκέτ᾽ ἦμεν ἐν
φάει, which is equivalent to ἀπωλόμεθα. Then ἐσήμην᾽ =
ἐσήμηνεν ὅτι οὐκέτ᾽ ἣμεν ἐν φάει. Translate, ‘But when we
were no longer in the light by the hand of our enemies,
(and the city gave signal of this by her smoke).’ Cp. Aesch.

Agam. 818 καπνῷ δ᾽ ἀλοῦσα νῦν ἔτ᾽ εὔσημος πόλις.

EUR. HECUBA K

130 EURIPIDES: HECUBA

ὕπο : anastrophe.

1218. χρῆν : see note on |. 265. The order of words in
translation is χρῆν σε δοῦναι τὸν χρυσόν.

Π 210. ἀλλὰ τοῦδ᾽ ἔχειν, ‘but (thou sayest) that thou hast
it from this man’ (Polydorus).

1222, ἀπαλλάξαι, ‘let it go’ (supply χρυσόν).

1223. καρτερεῖς ἔχων, ‘persist in keeping it.’

1224. kat μήν : introducing another argument, ‘more-
over.’

τρέφων and σώσας are participles used in the conditional
sense, and supply the if-clause (protasis) to the second part
of the condition εἶχες dv (apodosis), ‘if thou hadst nur-
tured,’ ὅτ.

1226. ἐν τοῖς κακοῖς, ‘in times of adversity,’ ‘evil days,’
‘a friend in need isa friend indeed.’ Amicus certus in re
incerta cernitur. (Ennius quoted by Cicero.)

1227. τὰ χρηστὰ δ᾽, x.7.A., ‘ whereas all times of prosperity
(lit. good things) have friends without the asking.’

ἕκαστα : lit. ‘each,’ here equivalent to πάντα, ‘in every
case.’ avtad=ipsa, lit. ‘of themselves,’ 1. 6. without any effort
on our part. Donec eris felix multos numerabis amicos, ‘So long
as thou doest well unto thyself, men will speak good of
thee.’

1230. ἐκεῖνον ἄνδρα : pointing to Agamemnon.

1232, ὧδε: pointing to his wretched condition.

1234. οἷς ἐχρῆν : supply πιστὸν εἶναι.

1236. αὐτόν, perhaps best taken with τοιοῦτον ὄντα, ‘ being
such an one (i.e. κακόν) thyself.’

1238. φεῦ φεῦ, ‘ah well,’ not here a lament but a ‘ moral-
izing’ interjection.

1239. ἀφορμάς, ‘ starting-points,’ ‘ grounds.’

1241. ἀνάγκη : 50. κρίνειν.

1243. ἐμὴν χάριν, ‘for my sake.’ Cf. 1. 874.

1244. οὔτ᾽ οὖν, ‘no, nor’; οὖν emphasizes οὔτε.

᾿Αχαιῶν : sc. χάριν.
1246. πρόσφορα, ‘advantageous,’ ‘ convenient.’
1247. παρ᾽ ὑμῖν : sc. βαρβάροις.

ῥᾷδιον, ‘a light matter.’

1249. μὴ ἀδικεῖν : scanned μᾶδικεῖν. This is called synizesis.

φύγω : deliberative subjunctive.

1250. Ta μὴ καλά, ‘things unfair,’ τὰ μὴ φίλα, ‘ things
unwelcome.

1252. γυναικός : gen. of comparison governed by the com-
parative sense of the word ἥἡσσώμενος (= ἥσσων wy), ‘ worsted
by a woman and a:slave.’

NOTES. LINES 1518:-1273 131

1254. οὔκουν : supply ὑφέξεις. The final wrangle between
Hecuba and Polymestor seems unworthy of the dignity of
the rest of the play. It seems introduced for the sake of
alluding to the story about the metamorphosis of Hecuba in
]. 1273.

1256. τί δ᾽ ἡμᾶς ; the verbs must be supplied from what
follows—i.e. ἀλγεῖν δοκεῖς, ‘what thinkest thou of my suffer-
ing?’ (ἡμᾶς -- ἐμέ as often in poetry).

παιδός : gen. of cause, ‘for my child.’

1259. ἡνίκ᾽ ἄν, k.7.A., the sentence is interrupted, and
taken up again in 1. r26r.

1260. μῶν : contracted form for μὴ οὖν (eas); used in
asking a question.

ὅρους, ‘to the boundaries’; accus. of pati to be reached.
Cf. 1. 146.
1261. μὲν. οὖν : corrective, ‘nay.’
καρχησίων : plur. for sing., ‘mast-head.’
1262, πρὸς τοῦ ; τοῦ alternative form of τίνος (interrog.),
‘at whose hands?’
ἁλμάτων : plur. for sing.

1263. ἀμβήσει -- ἀναβήσει.

1265. The legend was that Hecuba was changed into
a dog, on account of her bad temper. The naval station at
Abydos was called Κυνὸς σῆμα (Cynossema), ‘ the dog’s tomb,’
and this perhaps gave rise to the legend, though the name
itself had probably an astronomical origin—‘ the sign of the
dog-star’ (Lat. Canis, or Sirius) ; see l. 1273.

1267. ὃ Opnti μάντις, ‘the prophet among the Thracians.’
The worship of Dionysus is constantly connected with the
Thracians.

1268. ἔχρησεν : the original meaning of xpaw is ‘to give
a needful answer’; of an oracle, ‘to declare.’ In the middle
voice, the word has the sense of ‘ getting the answer needful
for oneself,’ hence ‘ to use.’

ὧν for τούτων a by relative attraction.

1269. οὐ yap: yap implies omission of the protasis, ‘ for
‘(if he had),’ εἰ ἔχρησεν.

1270. θανοῦσα, «.7.A.: i.e. ‘ Will this metamorphosis take
place after my death or while I am yet living?’

1271. τύμβῳ.... σῷ : poetic variety for τύμβον... σοῦ.

1272. ἐπῳδόν : may be (1) an adjective -- ἐπώνυμον, “ called
after,’ or (2) a substantive, ‘a charm to console me for my
change of form.’

1273. ναυτίλοις τέκμαρ. ‘ Burrows or tumuli usually stood
on high ground commanding a view of the sea.’

132 EUR. : HECUBA. NOTES 1275-1294

1275. kat... ye, ‘yes, and.’

1276. ἀπέπτυσα, «.7.A., ‘I spurn the thought (aorist for
present) may such a fate come upon thine own head!’ (lit.
‘I give these things for thee thyself to have’).

1277. Cassandra was murdered by Clytemnestra, wife of
Agamemnon ; she afterwards murdered Agamemnon in his
bath (1. 1281),

1278. Τυνδαρίς : Clytemnestra, daughter of Tyndareus,
and sister of Helen,

1284. ἐγκλήετε: addressed to the attendants who gag
Polymestor,

εἴρηται yap, ‘all hath been said.’

ὅσον τάχος, ‘as quickly as possible.’

οὐχ... ἐκβαλεῖτε : οὐ with a fut. interrogative is equi-
valent to a command.

1290. τάσδε : pointing to the fluttering sails of the ships.

1291. πλεύσαιμεν, ‘may we have a prosperous voyage.’
Optative in principal sentence (without av) expresses
a wish.

ev δὲ τάν : tragic irony; 566]. 73. The spectators know
that all is not well at Agamemnon’s home.

1294. τῶν δεσποσύνων μόχθων, ‘ the toils of slavery.’

APPENDIX

Nore A.
The Particle “Av (in epic poetry ke).

Beginners must carefully notice the uses of the particle ἄν
in Greek, An exact knowledge of its various meanings can
only be obtained by constant study and observation. But
the following principles must be carefully borne in mind,

The particle ‘Av has two uses :—

I. Conditional. It may be joined to all secondary (historic)
tenses of the indicative, to the optative (and to the infinitive
and participle, where these stand for an indicative or optative
in indirect discourse) to denote that the verb is used in
a conditional sense, i.e. is dependent upon some if-clause,
expressed or understood. In this use (a@) it always belongs
closely to the verb ; (b) it is always found in the apodosis' of a con-
ditional sentence ; (c) it may generally be rendered by ‘would,’
‘would have,’ ‘should,’ ‘should have’; (d) it is often
repeated for the sake of emphasis—see Il. 359, 360, 1199, 1200 ;
(e) the condition is often unexpressed and to be understood—
see I199, 1200; (/) the optative with ἄν is sometimes used
as a future—see note, 1. 1132.

II. Indefinite. It isjoined regularly to εἰ, if, to all relatives
and temporal conjunctions and sometimes to the final
particles ws, ὅπως (see 1. 330), and the verb that follows is always
in the subjunctive mood. When used thus, it must generally

* All fully expressed conditions have two parts, (1) the
if-clause containing the condition, called the protasis (=pro-
position), e.g. ‘if you were to do this’; (2) the clause logically
dependent on the condition, called the apodosis (=that which
is granted if the protasis be granted), 6. g. ‘ you would be very
unwise,

K 3

134 EURIPIDES: HECUBA

be left untranslated in English, though sometimes it may be
rendered by -so, -soever (thus ὃς ἄν, who-so, who-soever).
Hence this use is sometimes called the indefinite use of av.
Note that in this sense (a) the verb is always in the subjunctive ;
(b) the particle goes closely with the relative or conjunction, though it
affects the mood of the verb ; (c) it is necessarily only used in
primary sequence ; (a) it sometimes coalesces with the word. Thus
εἰ ἄν -- ἐάν or ἤν, ἐπειδὴ-ἄν -- ἐπειδάν, ὅτε-ἄν = ὅταν, κιτ.λ. ; (e) it
may be disregarded in translation,

Beginners would find it a good plan to have two columns
in their note book for these two uses, and to put down every
example that they come across under its proper column.

Nore B.

Uses of Αὐτός.

Αὐτός has three distinct uses :—

(1) In all cases as an adjective pronoun, joined closely with
another word and meaning ‘self’ (Lat. ipse); e.g. Φίλιππος
αὐτός, Philip himself ; αὐτὸς 6 στρατηγός (or 6 στρατηγὺς αὐτός),
the general himself; ἐπ᾽ αὐτῇ τῇ ἀκτῇ, on the very shore (lit.
the shore itself) ; αὐτὸς ἔβλεψα, I myself saw (it) ; ἐμ-αυτόν,
my-self; ἑ-αυτόν, him-self.

(2) In the oblique cases only as an ordinary personal pronoun
of the third person—eidoyv αὐτόν, I saw him ; ἔδωκα αὐτῇ,
I gave (it) to her.

(3) In all cases when immediately preceded by the article it
means the same (idem): ὃ αὐτὸς ἀνήρ, the same man ; τὸν
αὐτὸν πόλεμον, the same war.

Caution.— Beginners of Greek, who are also reading the
Greek Testament, are apt to confuse the uses of αὐτός, because
in the New Testament Greek (which belongs to a later
period) the nominative of αὐτός is used as a personal pro-
noun. But this use is never found in Attic (classical)
Greek, where αὐτόν may mean ‘him,’ and αὐτήν ‘her,’ but
αὐτός never means ‘he,’ nor αὐτῇ ‘she.’

Note C.

ἵστημι and its compounds have two distinct uses :—

(1) Causal and Transitive =make to stand, set, place, set up,
ἄς. This use is confined to the following tenses of the Active
Voice—present, imperfect, future, and weak (1st) aorist.

(2) Intransitive=be set or placed, stand, This use is con-

APPENDIX 135

fined to the perfect, pluperfect, and strong (2nd) acrist. The other
intransitive tenses of the Active Voice are supplied by the
corresponding tenses of the Passive Voice; thus: ἵσταμαι,
I stand ; στήσομαι, I shall stand, &e.

Note Ὁ.

γάρ, conjunction, for (Lat. enim), always placed after the
first word in a sentence, has three main uses :—

(1) Argumentative =‘for,’ where it must usually be trans-
lated. In dialogue sometimes ‘yes’ or ‘no’ must be
supplied. See lines 1258, 1569, &e.

(2) Explanatory, especially when introducing a story. See
89, ἄς. In this use it may generally be omitted in trans-
lation.

(3) Strengthening questions or wishes. tis yap ; who then ?
ἦ γάρ, 765, &e.

In the phrase ἀλλὰ γάρ, a clause must generally be
supplied between ἀλλά and yap. Sometimes the clause is
expressed later, as in 1, 724 (see note).

GRAMMATICAL INDEX

CASES.
Accusative :
Adverbial, 1162.
Cognate, 271.
Description, 53, 1070.
Double, 432.
Extent, 253, 372.
Goal to be reached, or, motion towards, 146, 208, 450, 1260,
Instrument, 53, 1070.
Predicative, 258.
Reference, 13.
Respect, 267, 356, 359, 429, 664, 875. 977, 989, 1035, 1183

Genitive :
Absolute, 745, 873.
Cause, 157, 183, 211, 425, 661, 962, 1037, 1098, 1259.
Comparison, 1188, 1252.
Instrument, 699.
Objective, 883, 973.
Origin, 3.
Part taken hold of, 64, 523, 543, 752, 1166.
Part affected, 234, 242.
Partitive, 610, 997.
Place from which, 6.

Dative :
Advantage, 52, 448, 1055.
Agent, 236.
Cause, 1167, 1183.
Ethic, 535, 605, 682, 880, 979, 1105.
Instrument, 154.
Respect, 271.

138 _ EURIPIDES : HECUBA

VERBS.
Indicative :
Historic Present, 10, 698, 963, 1148.
Perf. for Present, 229, 433, 678.
Aor. ἢ, τ 440.
Aor. Gnomic, 598, 847.

Infinitive :

Explanatory or epexegetic, 41, 44, 379, 1076, 1107, 1128,

1134.

After verb of preventing, I51.
With neuter article as noun, 260.
With αἰσχύνομαι, 552.

With adjective, 862.

Subjunctive :
In historic sequence, 27, 1139.
Deliberative, 88, 164, 737, 1056, 1249.
In prohibitions, 225, 871.

Optative :
Final clause, τι.
Expressing wish, 255, 442, 835, 997, 1291.
Indefinite, 819.
With av =future, 1132.

Participle :
Accus. absolute, 121, 506.
veuter as noun, 299.
Causal, 347.
With verb of perception, 397, 1112.
With αἰσχύνομαι, 552.
Conditional, 1224.

Middle Voice: 114, 308, 320, 633, 801, 1058.

PARTICLES.

ἀλλά, 286, 391, 400.

ἀλλὰ γάρ, 724.

ἄρα, 231.

γάρ, 688, 709, Appendix Note Ὁ.

γε, 246, 250, 264, 421, 600, 745, 760, 1275.
δέ, 1211.

GRAMMATICAL INDEX 139

Sy, 1135, 1152.

καὶ δή, 756.

καὶ μήν, 216, 317, 665, 1224.
μὲν... δέ, 613.

μὲν οὖν, 1192, 1261.

οὖν, 1244.

τοι, 228, 606.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Abstract subst. for concrete, 794.

Adjective used for adverb, 85 ; predicative, 656 ; proleptic, 1177.

αἰσχύνομαι, 552.

ἄν, repeated, 360, 1200.

Anastrophe of Prepositions, 34, 207, 240, 292, 355, 513, 1215.

Article for Relative, 636.

Χράω, 1268.

Χρῆν, 265, 620.

Construction of whole and part, 595, 1185.

Crasis, 18, 514, 1260.

ἵνα, with indicative, 2, 711, 10083; with indic. expressing un-
fulfilled purpose, 818; final, 11.

μή, 395, 605; generic, 282, 984 ; -- ὥστε μή, 338.

Neuter adjective for abstract noun, 332, 346, 382, 584, 1129.

ὅδε, deictic, 53, 565, 1053.

οἶσθ᾽ ὃ δρᾶσον ; 225.

ὅσον ov, 143.

ὅστις, sing. after pl. antecedent, 360.

οὐ μῆ, 1039.

as, final, 47, 89, 330, 712; exclamatory, 56, 662 ; since, 346.

ὥστε = ὡς, 204.

Oxymoron, 566, 612, 1068.

Play on words, 426, 644, 800.

Prodelision, 872, 1125.

Relative attraction, 1268.

σχῆμα Πινδαρικόν, 1000.

Synizesis, 1249.

Tipwpetv, 756.

TEATS, 908, 910, 928, 1172.

VOCABULARY

The principal tenses of Compound Verbs will be found under the

Simple Verb.

ἃ, aa, interj., ah, ha! alas !

a, Dor. for ἡ, from ὃ ὁ, ἦν, τό.

ᾧ, Dor. for 7, from ὃ és, ἥ, ὅ

a, Dor. for ἥ, from ὅς, ἥ, ὅ

a, neut. pl. of os, ἥ, ὅ

GG, see ἃ.

ἀγαθοί = οἱ ἀγαθοί, 1226.

ἀγαθός, -7, -όν, good, excellent,
brave, serviceable, advan-
tageous.

ἄγαλμα, -a7os, n., glory,
honour, 461 ; statue, 560.
᾿Αγαμέμνων, -ovos, m. Aga-

memnon, son of Atreus,
king of Mycenae, and chief
commander of the Greeks
at Troy.

ἀγαστός, -7, -dv, verbal adj. of
ἄγαμαι, deserving admira-
tion, desirable.

ἀγγελθείς. See ἀγγέλλω.

ἀγγελία,-ας, 7, message, news.

ἀγγέλλω, -ελῶ, ἤγγειλα, ἤγ-
Ὕελκα, announce, report,
bring news of.

ἀγείρω, -ερῶ, gather, collect.

ἀγέραστος, -ov, unrewarded,
unhonoured.

EUR. HECUBA

ἅγησαι (Dor.) = ἥγησαι, I aor.
mid. imperat., 2 sing.

ἄγκυρα, -as, f., anchor.

G-yvwota, -as, ff,
ance.

ἄγρα, J., booty, spoils.

ἄγριος, τα; τον, wild.

ἄγω, ἄξω, ἤγαγον, lead, guide,
bring ; spend, pass (364) ;
carry off, 931.

ἀγωγός, -ὄν, adj., bringing
forth, used as subst. (536).

ἀγών, -ὥνος, m., contest, strug-

ignor-

-as, jf.» contest,
struggle.

ἅδ᾽ (Dor.) = ἥδε.

ἀ-δάκρῦτος, -ov, tearless, free
from tears.

ἀδελφή, f., sister.

ἀδελφός, m., brother; ἀδελφώ,
brother and sister, 896.

ἀ-δικέω, -ἤσω, act wrongly or
unjustly.

ἄ-δικος, -ον, unjust, wrong ;
τὰ ἄδικα, injustice, 1191.

ἀ-δοξέω, be of no reputation;
part. used as adj., &&..

ii EURIPIDES :

ἀδοξούντων, from those of no
reputation, 294.

ἀ-δώρητος, -ov, ungifted, un-
requited.

ἀεί, adv., always, ever; from
time to time (1182, note).

ἀείρω, -ερῶ, raise, support.

ἀηδών, -dvos (-ovs), f., nightin-
gale,

᾿Αθάνα(ογ.) =’AOnvn, 7. Athe-
ne, the goddess of wisdom,
warlike prowess, and skill
in the arts ; the patroness
of Athens.

᾿Αθῆναι, -av, f., Athens,

ἄθλιος, -a, -ov, wretched.

ἄ-θραυστος, -ον, unbroken,
unhurt.

ἀθρέω, gaze upon, inspect.

ἀθροίζω, -cw, ἤθροισα, gather,
muster.

ἄθροισιξ, -ews, f., mustering,
gathering.

aia, f., land, poetic form for
γαῖα.

αἰαῖ, alas! ah me!

Αἴγυπτος, Aegyptus, king of
Egypt. See 886, note.

Aida (Dor.) = Αἵδου.

αἰδέομαι, -έσομαι, ἠδέσθην, re-
vere, respect.

ΓΑιδης (AtSys and ἄδηΞ), -ov,
m., Hades. God of the
under-world and of death,
brother of Zeus and Posei-

don, 2 (note), 418 (note) ;
called also Pluto.

αἰδώς, -ovs, f., reverence,
shame.

αἴθαλος, m.,soot, smoky flame.

αἰθήρ, -€pos, m., upper air,
air.

αἷμα, -ατος, n., blood.

aipdoow, -fw, ἥμαξα, make
bloody, stain with blood.

HECUBA

aipardets, -εσσα, -ev, adj.,
bloody, stained with blood.

αἵμων, -ov, -ovos, adj., bloody.

αἰνέω, -έσω, ἤνεσα, praise.

αἰνό-παρις, -ἴδος, Paris the
dread, 946, note.

aipéw, -ἤσω, εἷλον, ἥρηκα, -pat,
npéOnv, take; catch, get
into one’s power; slay
(886).

αἴρω, ἀρῷ, ἦρα, lift, raise ; αἴ.
πόδα, Walk, 965; αἴ. στόλον,
raise, get together an ex-
pedition, 1141 ; excite, 60.

αἰσϑάνομαι, αἰσθήσομαι, ἠσθό-
μην, ἤσθημαι, see, perceive,
understand.

ἀΐσσω (and doow), ἀΐξω (ἄξω),
rush, 1105 ; float, 31, nofe.

αἰσχρός, -d, -dv, base, dis-
graceful, shameful ; superl.
αἴσχιστος. Superl. adv., at-
σχιστα, most shamefully.

aicxivn, J , shame, disgrace.

αἰσχύνω, αἰσχυνῷῶ, ἠσχύνθην,
trans. shame; mid., be
ashamed, 552, note.

aitéw, -70w, ἤτησα, ask, ask
for, beg, demand; mid.,
ask for oneself, 390.

αἰτία, f., reason, ground.

αἴτιος, -a, -ov, he (or that)
which causes ; neut, αἴτιον,
the cause, 974.

aixp-ahwris, -ίδος, f., female
captive; used as adj. at
1016, &c.

αἰχμ-άλωτος, -ov, captive.

αἰχμή, Sf. , Spear point.

αἰχμητής, -00, adj.,
with the spear.

ἀΐω, hear.

αἰών, -ὥνος, m., life, lifetime.

aiwpéw, lift up ; pass., hang
suspended in ‘air, hover.

armed

VOCABULARY ili

ἄκἄτος, f., any light vessel;
used in poetry for a ship of
any kind.

akéopat, -ἔσομαι, heal.

ἄ-κλαυστος, -ον, unwept, un-
lamented.

ἀκμή, f., point (of time), crisis.

ἀκοίτᾶν (Dor.) = ἀκοίτην.

ἀκοίτης, -ov, m., husband.

ἀ-κόλαστος, -ov (a= not,
xkoAa(w=punish), lit, un-
chastised, and so undis-
ciplined.

ἀκούω, -σομαι, ἤκουσα, ἀκήκοα,
ἤκουσμαι, -σθην, hear, listen,
used trans. and intrans.

ἀκραιφνής, -és, unmixed,
pure [ἀκέραιος + φαίνομαι.

akptBow, make accurate, 1192,
note (perf. part. ἠκριβωκώς).

ἄκρος, -a, -ον, lit. at the furthest
point (dx), so=either top-
most or outermost; 4d.
χῶμα, the top of themound,
524; ἄ. καρδία, the surface
of my heart, 242. See also
94, 558.

ἀκτή, f., beach, strand.

ἀκτίς, -ivos, f., ray.

ἀλάστωρ, -opos, m., avenging
deity, destroying angel.

GAyéw, suffer, be in pain or
grief.

ἄλγος, -ous, n., pain, grief.

᾿Αλέξανδρος, another name
of Paris (lit. defender of
men),

ἀ-ληθής, -és, adj., true; τὰ
ἀληθῆ, the truth, 1206.

ἀ-λίαστος, -ον, unceasing. See
note, 85.

ἁλι-ήρης, -es, Sweeping the
sea.

ἀ-λίμενος, -ov, harbourless.

» τα, -ov, of the sea.

ἅλιος, Dor. for ἥλιος."

ἅλις, adv., enough, constructed
with gen. like Latin satis.
See 1. 278.

ἁλίσκομαι, ἁλώσομαι, ἑάλων
(part. ἁλούς), ἑάλωκα, pass.,
am taken,

ἀλκή, f.,strength. See note,227.

ἀλλά, adv., but ; nay.

ἄλλα, from ἄλλος.

ἀλλάσσω, -ἔω, change. See
483, note.

ἄλλος, -ἢ, -0, adj., other,
ἄλλος Tis, Some one else ;
οὐδὲν ἄλλο, nothing else,
596 ; ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλῳ, one
in addition to another, 395;
with article, the rest; adv.
acc., τὰ ἄλλα, in all other
respects.

ἄλλ-οτε, adv., at another
time. See 28, note.

ἀλλότριος, -a, -ον, of or belong-
ing to another, another's;
Lat. alienus.

ἄλλως, adv., otherwise, 302 ;
idly,in vain. See notes, 489,
974-

ἅλμα, -ἄτος, 2, leap.

ἄ-λοχος, 7, spouse, wife.

ἁλούς. See ἁλίσκομαι.

GAs, ἁλός, ἢ, sea, 263 sea
water, 610.

ἅλωσις, -ews, ἢ,
taking.

ἅμα, adv., at the same time.

ἀ-μαθία, f., ignorance, folly.

ἁμαρτάνω, -τήσομαι, ἥμαρτον,
-τηκα, err, fail to get, miss,
with gen., 594.

ἀμ-βήσει, syncopated form of
ἀνα-βήσει, fut. of ἀνα-βαίνω.

d-péyapTos, -ον, unenviable,
hence direful,

ἀμείβω, exchange, hand on

capture,

L 2

iv EURIPIDES :

from one to another ; mid.,

answer, I196.

ἀμείνων, -ov, comp. of ἀγαθός.

ἁμέρα, Dor. for ἡμέρα.

ἀμέρδω, -σω, deprive, rob.
See note on 1027.

ἀ-μέτρητος, -ov, measureless,
numberless.

ἀ-μήχανος, -ov, inconceivable,
dreadful. See note, 1123.

ἅμιλλα, f., contest, conflict.

ἁμιλλάομαι, contend with,
strive with. See 271, note.

ἄμ-μορος,-ον( poet. ford-porpos),
without share in, bereft of.

ἄ-μορφος, -ov (a + μορφή), un-
sightly.

ἀμ-πτάμενος, syncopated form
of ἀνα-πτάμενος, aor. of ἀνα-
πέτομαι.

ἄμπυξ, -txos, c., headband,
snood.

ἀμύνω, -νῶ, ἤμῦνα, keep off,
ward off, hence (with dat.),

keep ward for, defend,
help.

ἀμφί, prep. with acc., round,
near, beside, 649, 787;
concerning, 706; with gen.,
about, concerning, 75,
580.

ἀμφι-κρύπτω, hide on every
side, surround.

ἀμφι-πίπτω (tenses like πίπτω),
fall around.

ἀμφί-πὔρος, -ov, blazing all
round, fiery.

ἀμφι-τίθημι (tenses like τίθημι),
put around, wrap round.

ἀμφί-χρῦσος, -ov, gilded all
over, 543.

av, See Appendix, note A.

dv, Dor. for ἤν -- ἐάν.

av -- ἀνά.

ἅν (Dor.) -- ἥν.

HECUBA

ἀνά, prep. with acc., lit. up ; so
=up through, through,
throughout.

ἀνα-βαίνω (tenses like βαίνων,
climb up.

ἀνάγκᾶ (Dor.) = ἀνάγκη.

avaykalw, compel, constrain.

avaykatos,-ov, necessary; T04.,
necessity. See notes, 346,
584.

ἀνάγκη, f., necessity; ties of
relationship, 847, note; av.
(ἐστι), it is necessary, gor,
ἄς.

ἀνά-δετος, -ον, binding up (the
hair).

ἀν-αθρέω, aor. ἀνήθρησα, gaze
upon, behold.

ἀνα-μένω, await.

dv-avSpos, -ov, husbandless.

ἄναξ, -κτος, m., king, lord.

ἀνα-πέτομαι, -πτήσομαι, -επτά-
μην (-επτόμηνῚ, fly up.

ἀναρπαστάν, Dor. for -τήν.

ἀν-αρπαστός, -7, -όν, dragged
(torn) away.

ἀνα-ρ-ρήγνυμι, -ρήξω, break
through.

av-apxia, 7, lawlessness.

ἄνασσα, f., queen, lady.

ἀνα-στένω, groan aloud, be-
wail.

ἀνδρο-φόνος,-ον, man-slaying,
murderous.

ἀν-εκτός, -dv, endurable ; οὐκ
d,, unendurable.

ἀν-ἔρχομαι (tenses as ἔρχομαι),
go or come up, 802, note.

ἀν-έσχον, aor. of ἀνέχω.

av-éxw (lenses as ἔχω), hold
up, maintain, uplift, 459 ;
ἀνέχων λέκτρα, ever holding
in honour the bed (of Cas-
sandra), 123.

ἀν-μερος, -ov (ἀν

not +

VOCABULARY Vv

juepos), ungentle, wild,
cruel,

ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, m., man (esp. as
opp. to woman), hero, war-
rior.

ἀνθ᾽ — ἀντί.

Gv@-atpéopar (tenses like aipe-
ova), lit, take to oneself
instead of (another) ; so=
dispute, lay claim to.

av9-amTopat, grasp in turn,
with gen.

ἀνθέω, 7v@ovv,flourish prosper.

ἀνθό-κροκος, -ov, worked with
flowers, flower-bespangled.

ἄνθρωπος, m., man (esp. as opp.
to animals) ; pl., men = man-
kind.

ἀνθρωπο-σφαγέω, slay a hu-
man being.

ἀν-ίστημι (tenses like ἵστημι),
set up; in intrans. fenses (of
Troy’, be destroyed, 494 ;

mid,, ἀνίστασο, rise, 499.
d-voua, /,, folly.

ἀν-οίκτως, adv., without pity.

ἀν-όνητα, adv., to no pur-
pose.

ἀν-όσιος, -ov, unholy.

avt-akovw, hear in turn.

ἀντ-απο- κτείνω, kill in return,
or in revenge.

ἀντί, prep. with gen., instead
of, in the place of ; ἀνθ᾽
ὅτου, wherefore, for what
reason, 1131, 1136.

ἀντι-δίδωμι, give in return.

ἀντί-ποινα, -ων, pl. (ποινή), re-
quital, retribution.

ἀντι-σηκόω, lit, weigh over
against, hence compensate

_ for, 57; note [onkdw, weigh].

ἄντλος, m., bilge-water; soany
troubled water, sea, 1025,
note.

ἀν-υμέναιος, -ον, without the
bridal song, @.e.,unwedded.

ἄ-νυμφος, -ον, unwedded. See
612, note.

ἀνύτω and aviw, -σω, effect,
accomplish. See notes, 936,
1167.

ἄνω, adv., up, upwards, on
high ; τοὺς ἄ., the (gods)
above e, 791.

ἀν-ωνόμαστος, -ον,
indescribable.

ἀξία, Δ, worth, desert.

ἄξιος, -a, -ov, worthy, worth;
ov yap ἄξιον (408), it is not
meet, fit.

ἀξιόω, deem worthy, 366,
797; honour, 319; perf. pass.
ἠξίωμαι.

ἀξίωμα, -ἔτος, η., lit. that of
which one ἰ5 thought
worthy.reputation,dignity.

ἀξίως, worthily.

ἄξω, from ἀΐσσω.

ἀπ-αγγέλλω, bring back word,
report, announce.

ἀπ-άγω, carry away,
back.

d-trats, -δος, adj., childless.

ἀπ-αιτέω, ask back, ask in
return

ἀπ-αλλάσσω, s set free, release,
hence put or take away from
oneself or another.

ἀ-πάρθενος, -ov, adj., not a
maiden, 612, note.

amas, ἅπασα, ἅπαν,
whole.

ἄπ-ειμι (see εἶμι), go away,
depart.

ἄπ-ειμι (see εἰμί), be away,
be distant.

atr-ettrov, aor. with no pres. in
use, lit. forbid, renounce ;
hence give up, faint, 942.

nameless,

bear

all, the

vi EURIPIDES :

ἀπ-ελαύνω (tenses like ἐλαύνω),
drive away, 103.
"AmSavos,ariverin Thessaly,
flowing into the Peneus.
ἀ-πιστέω, mistrust.
ἄ-πιστος, -ov, incredible.
ἀπό, prep. with gen., from. See
note, 690; after case (ana-
strophe), μητρὸς ἁρπασθεῖσ᾽
ἄπο, 513.
ἀπο-βαίνω (tenses as Balvw),
go away from, depart from.
ἀπό-βλεπτος, -ov, gazed upon

by all, admired. See note,
> 355: 4 ~ /
ἅπο-κείρω, -KEpw, -κέκαρμαι,
shear off.

ἀπο-κουφίζω, lighten.

ἀπο-κτείνω (tenses as κτείνω),
slay, kill.

ἀ-πόλεμος, -ov, unwarlike.

ἄ-πολις, -ἰ, adj.. one without
the privileges of city or
state, cityless.

ἀπ-όλλυμινι (fenses as ὄλλῦμι),
ruin, destroy, kill, 168 ;
mid., be undone, perish,
21, 440, 683.

atro-Eevow, drive into exile.

ἀπο- πέμπω, send away ; avert ;
mid., send away from my-
self, hence abhor, bidavaunt,
72.

ἀπο-πτύω, spit away, hence

ἢ loathe, spurn.

ἀ-πόρθητος, τον, unsacked.

ἀπο- -σκοπέω, gaze αὖ.

ἀπο- σπάω, -σπᾶσω, -έσπασα,
-εσπάσθην, tear, drag, away.

ἀπο-σταθείς. See ἀφ-ίστημι.

ἀπο-στέλλω, send off.

ἀπο-στη-. See ἀφ-ίστημι.

ἀπ-ουσία, f., absence.

ἅπτω, ἅψω, nya, mid. ἅψομαι͵
ἡψάμην, take hold of, touch ;

HECUBA

grasp with the mind (with
gen.), 675.

ἀπύσω, Dor. for ἠπύσω.

ἀπ-ωθέω, thrust away, reject;
mid., thrust away from
oneself, abandon, 1242.

ἀπ-ωλ-. Sce ἀπ-όλλυμι.

ἀπ-ωσ-. See ἀπ-ωθέω.

dpa, particle, so then, perhaps,
after all.

ἄρα, interrog. particle, by itself
or with μή. expecting negative
answer (Lat. num); ἄρ᾽ οὐ =
nonne, expecting answer
Yes.

ἀράμενος, From αἴρω.

ἀράσσω, smite.

᾿Αργεῖος, -a, -ov, manof Argos,
hence an Argive, or Greek.

*“Apyos, -ovs, n., a town in
Peloponnesus.

dpytpos, m., silver.

ἄρδην, adv. (αἴρω), lit. lifted
up on high, hence wholly,
utterly.

ἄρειαν. See αἴρω.

“Apys, -εος, m., god of war.

ἄρθρον, n., joint, limb.

ἀριθμός, m., number. See
794, note.

apiotepés,
hand.

ἄριστος, -7, -ov, best, bravest,
used as superl. of ἀγαθός.

apkéw, -έσω, ἤρκεσα, lit, ward
off, hence defend.

apkovvtws, enough, suffi-
ciently. See note, 318.

appa, -ἅτος, 2., chariot.

ἀρνέομαι, deny.

ἄρνὕμαι (only in pres. and im-
perf.), win for myself.

ἁρπάζω, -σω (and -ξω), ἡρπά-
σθην, snatch, seize, seize
upon.

on the left

,
“UV,

VOCABULARY Vii

appyTos, -ov, unspeakable, un-
utterable, horrible.

ἄρσην, -€evos, adj., male.

‘Aptepts,-rd0s, Κι. the huntress
goddess, daughter of Zeus
and Leto, born and wor-
shipped at Delos with
Apollo.

ἀρτι-μαθής, -es, having just
learnt (with gen.), 687.

ἀρτίως, adv., recently,
now.

ἀρχαῖος, -a,-ov, ancient, vener-
able.

ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα, rule (with
gen.), 771; mid., begin.

ἀ-σθενής, -és, adj., weak.

᾿Ασία, Asia; the name is
generally restricted in
Greek to Asia Minor.

ἄσπασμα, -ἄτος, n., embrace.

ἀ-στένακτος, -ov, without
sigh or groan.

ἄστυ, -εος, n., city, town.

ἀ-σφαλής, -és, safe, secure ;
ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ, in safety, 981.

ἀ-σφαλῶς, safely.

ἀ-σχημονέω, be put to shame
[ἀσχήμων, unseemly].

ἀτάρ, but, yet, and yet.

ἄ-ταφος, -ov, unburied.

d-texvos, -ov, childless.

ἄτερ, adv. = prep. with gen.,
without.

ἀ-τέρμων, -ovos, adj., bound-
less. See 926, note.

ἄτη, Δ. ruin, destruction.

"Atpetdyns, -ov, m., son of
Atreus. In the plural
used for the two sons of
Atreus, Agamemnon and
Menelaiis.

av, again, on the other hand.

αὐγάζω (αὐγή), beam, or shine
upon.

just

αὐγή, f., ray.

αὐδάν, Dor. for αὐδήν.

αὐδάω, speak, utter.

αὐδή, ἡ ᾿ voice,

αὖθ᾽ Ξ αὐτά, 1227.

αὖθις, again, back again.

αὐλή. f., the court-yard round
which a palace was built;
(then gen.) palace.

avgopat, αὐξήσομαι, ηὐξήθην,
grow.

αὔρα, Π, breeze.

duTEW, utter, shout.

αὐτίκα, forthwith,
ately.

αὐτός, -7, -d, self, him-, her-,
itself, themselves; in ob-
lique cases, him, her, it, &e. ;
ὃ αὐτός, the same. See
Appendix, note B.

αὗτός = ὁ αὐτός (crasis).

αὐτοῦ, adv., there, here.

αὑτοῦ = ἑαυτοῦ.

αὐχήν, -ένος, mM,
throat.

ad-atpéw (tenses as aipéw), take
away from (with double
ace.), 285.

ἀφ-ειλόμην, from ἀφ-αιρέω.

ἀφ-εῖμαι, from ἀφ-ίημι.

ἀφ-έλκω (tenses as ἕλκω), drag
away.

ἀφ-ίημι (tenses as inure), send
forth ; cast or fling forth ;
πνεῦμα, give up the ghost,
die, 571; leave, 117; give
up, resign, 367; release,
1292. :

ἀφ-ικνέομαι (tenses as ἱκνέομαι),
come, arrive at.

ἀφ-ίστημι (fenses as tornpe),

immedi-

neck,

put away, remove; in
intrans. tenses and mid.,
keep away from, 980;

stand away from, 807;

Vili EURIPIDES :

get out of the way of (with
dat.), 1054. See Appendix,
note Ο.

ἀφ-ορμή, 2, starting - point,
occasion.

᾿Αχαιϊκός, -7, -dv, Achaean.

᾿Αχαιοί, Achaeans, i.e. Greeks.

ἀχάριστος, -ov, thankless.

ἀχθεινός, -7, -όν, burdensome,
troublesome.

᾿Αχιλεύς (Αχιλλεύς), -éws, 2.,
Achilles, son of Peleus and

hetis, champion warrior

of the Greeks at Troy.

᾿Αχίλλειος, -ov, of Achilles.

ἄχος, τους, n., grief, woe.

a-wpos, -ov, untimely.

axa, f., Dor. -- ἠχώ.

Baive, βήσομαι, ἔβην, βέβηκα,
walk, advance.

βάκτρον, n., staff.

Baxxetos, -a, τον,
frenzied.

Bacchie,

βάκχη, f., a Bacchanté, or

frenzied devotee of Bac-
chus; in line 123 = pro-
phetess (used of Cassandra).

βαλιός. -a, -dv, dappled.

βάλλω, βαλῶ,ἔβαλον, βέβλημαι,
ἐβλήθην, throw, cast, hurl,
shoot ; 574, bestrew.

βάπτω, dip.

βάρβαρος, -ov, adj., not Greek,
foreign, hence wild, savage ;
τὸ βάρβαρον, see 1120, note ;
οἱ βάρβαροι, subst., foreign-
ers, barbarians, 328.

βάρος, -ους, n., weight, load.

βαρύς, -efa, -v, adj., heavy,
grievous, cruel.

βασιλεύς, -éws, m., king.

βασιλίς, -idos, f., queen,
princess.

βάσις, -ews, f., stepping, step.

HECUBA

βέλος, -ous, n., shaft, blow,
Io4I, note.

Bia, δ, violence, force, 333;
πρὸς βίαν, 406; Bia, 1282,
by force.

βίαιος, -a, -ov, forced, com-
pulsory.

βίος, m., life, course of life ;
in line 12, livelihood, suste-
nance.

βιοτή, Δ, life.
άπτω, harm, injure.

βλάστημα, -ατος, 7., sprout,
shoot ; in pl., crops.

βλέπω, see, look upon, be-
hold, 585; (with or without
φῶς, 668, 311), see the
light of day, live, be alive.

βλέφᾶἄρον, n., eyelid.

βλώ-σκω, μολοῦμαι,
μέμβλωκα, come, go.

Bods, -ἤσω, cry, cry out.

Bon, #, cry, loud cry.

βου-θυτέω, sacrifice oxen.

βούλευμα, -aros, 7., resolu-
tion, purpose, plan.

βουλεύω, plot, plan.

βούλομαι, -ἤσομαι, βεβούλημαι,
ἐβουλήθην, wish, desire, be
willing.

βούτηξ, -ov, m., herdsman.

βραδύ-πους, -ποδος, adj., slow-
footed.

βραδύς, -εἴα, -v, adj., slow.

βραχίων, -ovos, m., arm.

βροτός, -od, m., mortal.
βωμός, -ov, m., altar.

ἔμολον,

γαῖα, f, land, ground, earth.

γαληνός, -dv,adj., gentle,calm.

γάμος, m., marriage (often
in pl.).

yap,for. See Appendix, note 1).

γε; particle emphasizing the
words which it follows, at

VOCABULARY ix

least, surely ; sometimes
equivalent to yes, but cannot
always be translated by any
particular word. See notes on
246, 745, 760, ἃς.

γέγηθα. See γηθέω.

γεγώς, γεγῶσα, γεγώς, pers.
part. of γίγνομαι.

γείτων, -ovos, c., neighbour.

γενεά, f., race.

yevetds, -άδυς, f., beard.

γένειον, v., chin.

γέννα, -ns, f., child, offspring.
See note, 189.

γενναῖος, -a, -ov, noble.

γένος, -ous, ”., race,
stock,

γένυς, -vos, f., cheek.

yepatos, -a, -dv, aged; subst.,
γεραιά, an old woman, 389.

γέρας, -ws, n., gift, gift of
honour.

γέρων, -ovTos, adj., aged, old ;
subst., an old man, 507,
516.

yevopar, taste,
(with gen.).

Ya; Ff; earth, land, country.

γηθέω, -ἤσω, ἐγήθησα, γέγηθα;
rejoice.

γηραιός, -ά, -dv, aged ; γηραιά,
old woman.

γῆρας, -ws, n., old age.

γι-γνώ-σκω, γνώσομαι, ἔγνων,
ἔγνωκα, -σμαι, learn, ascer-
tain; hence know, recog-
nise.

yi-yv-opat, γενήσομαι, ἔγενό-
μην, γέγονα (γεγένημαι), ἔγεν-
ἤθην, become, be, prove,
turn out, happen.

γλῶσσα, f., tongue.

γνώμη, f., will, opinion, pur-
pose, judgment ; κατὰ γνώ-
μην, see note, 867.

kind,

experience

|
i
i
|

|
|

yoepos, -a, -όν, wailing,
mournful.

γόνος, m., child.

γόνυ, -ατος, n., knee.

yoos, m., wailing, lamenta-
tion.

γουνάτων = γονάτων.

γραῖα, f., old woman.

ypatos, -a, -ον, old, aged.

γραῦς, γρᾶός, ἢ, old woman.

γραφεύς, -έως, Ma, painter.

γραφή, 2, writing; νόμων

ypapai=the written laws,
866.

yuns, του, m., a piece of land,
land.

γυμνός, -7, -όν, naked; γυμνὸν
τιθέναι -- ἴο make bare, é. 6.
strip (of arms).

γυμνόω, strip naked.

γυνή; -aikos, f., Woman ;
(used as title of respect).

*yo = ἐγώ (prodelision).

lady

δαιδάλεος, -ov, cunningly
wrought.

Δαίδαλος, m., a mythical
artist of Crete. See 838, note.

δαίμων, -ovos, c., a deity, god,
goddess.

δαί-νῦμι, daicw, ἔδαισα, feast ;
mid., feast upon.

Sais, δαιτός, f., feast.

δάκρυ, n., tear.

δάκρυον, n., tear.

δακρύω, weep.

δάμαρ, -aptos, f., spouse, wife.

Δαναΐδαι, m., descendants of
Danaus, Greeks.

Δαναοί, -av, m. The Danaans,
a name used generally for
the Greeks.

δᾶρόν ( Dor.) = δηρόν, adv., long,
for a long time.

Χ EURIPIDES :

δάφνη, δ, laurel or bay-tree
(sacred to Apollo).

Saw, an obsolete present.
See anv.

δέ, conjunctive particle, but.
Commonly answers μέν, but
often merely connects sentences.
May often be translated by
while, whereas, sometimes
by and,

δεῖ, δεήσει, it is necessary,
needful; ὧν σε Set, of
which thou hast need,
1021.

δείδω, δείσω, ἔδεισα, δέδοικα
(δέδια), fear, dread.

δείκ-νῦμι, δείξω, show, point
out.

δείλαιος, -a, -ov, miserable,
wretched.

δεῖμα, -aros, ., terror, horror.

δειμαίνω, fear, dread.

δεινός, -7, -ov, dreadful,
terrible; also wonderful,
wondrous, strange.

δεῖπνον, 7., meal, banquet.

δειρή, f, neck.

δέμας (only in nom. and ace.
sing.), n., body, form.

δεξιός, -ά, -dv, right, on the
right ; δεξιά, subst., right
hand.

δέπας, -aos, n., cup, goblet.

δέργμα, -ατος, n., look, glance.

δέρη ( = δειρή), f., neck, throat.

δέρκομαι, -foua, ἔδρακον, δέ-
δορκα, behold.

δέσποινα, f., lady, mistress.

Seomrdcvvos,-ov,ofour masters.

δεσπότης, -ov, m., master,
lord.

δεῦρο, adv., hither.

δεύτερον, adv., in the next
(lit. the second) place.

δέχομαι, δέξομαι, δέδεγμαι,

HECUBA

é5€xOn", receive, accept,
listen to.
δή, particle to give greater

emphasis to the word or words
with which it is joined ( proba-
bly a shorter form of ἤδη) now,
in truth, indeed, &e. ; ποῖ
δή, Whither then (116) ;
τί δή, pray what (258); it may
sometimes be left untranslated,
and expressed by emphasis on
a particular word.

δηκ-τήριος, τον, biting (with
gen.) [daxve, bite }.

AnAtas, -ἄδος, f. adj., Delian,
of Delos (a sacred isle in
the Aegaean), 462, note.

δημ-ηγόρος, -ov, adj., addres-
sing the people ; δημηγόρους
τιμάς (254), a speaker's
honours.

δημο-χαρίστης, -ov, m., one
who seeks to please the
people, flatterer.

δήποτε, so lately, 484, note.

δῆτα, adv., surely, indeed;
ov δῆτα, no indeed! for-
sooth, in irony, 623 (note);
in a question, prithee, 247.

Δία, from Ζεύς.

διά, prep. with acc. and gen.
(with gen., general meaning,
through; with acc., on
account of); of time, διὰ
μακροῦ, long-lasting, 320;
by means of, 442, 1004;
διὰ χερός, 673, note; διὰ τέ-
λους, continually, through-
out ; δι᾽ οἴκτου ἔχειν, 851,
note.

δια-βάλλω (tenses as βάλλω),
slander, speak evil of.

δια-δοχή, 7, succession.

διά-δοχος, -ov, adj., bringing ἃ
succession. See note, 588.

VOCABULARY Xi

δί-αιμος, -ov, adj., bloody
[αἷμα].
δια-κωλύω, hinder.
δια-μοιράω, -άσω, tear limb
from limb.
Sia-p-poy, f., pipe, channel,
567; πνεύματος 6.=wind-
pipe.
Sta-cmdw, -cracw, tear in
pieces.
Sia-Tépvw, cut in
aor. διέτεμον.
δί-αυλος, ὁ, lit. double pipe or
course. See note, 29.
δια- φέρω (tenses as φέρω), lit.
tend in different ways ;
hence make a difference.
δια- φθείρω (tenses as φθείρων,
destroy, corrupt, 598, note.
δίδαξις, -ews, 7, teaching.
δι-δά-σκω, -fw, ἐδίδαξα, teach,
inform ; δίδαξον τοῦτο, tell
me this; διδάσκου, be
advised.
δί-δω-μι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα,
ἔδοθην, give, grant, bring
forth, give up, &c. ; δίκην
δι, pay penalty, suffer
punishment, 803.
δι-εργάζομαι, make an end
of, destroy, kill.
δι-ερείδομαι, mid., lean upon.
δίκαιος, -a,-ov, just,fair,right ;

τὸ δίκαιον, justice, 271, 853.
δικαίως, justly.

δίκη, /., justice, law,right, just
penalty ; δ. διδόναι (ὑπέχειν),
pay the penalty, 803, dc. ;
πολεμίων δίκην, like ene-
mies, 1162, note.

δι-ὀλλῦμι, destroy utterly.

Διόνῦσος, m. * Dionysus, an-
other name for Bacchus.

δι-ορίζω, mark off, define,
847, note [ὅρος = boundary].

pieces ;

Διός, from Ζεύς.

δῖοξβ, -α, -ον, divine.

Διόσ-κοροι. The two sons
of Zeus and Leda, viz.
Castorand Pollux,brothers
of Helen.

διπλοῦς, -7, -ovv,adj., twofold,
double.

Si-mtixos, -ov, twofold; pi.,
two, 1287.

Sis, twice.

δισσός, -7, -dv, twofold, in two
ways.

Sixa, asunder.

διώκω, pursue.

δι-ώλεσα. See δι-όλλυμι.

Spwis, -ίδος, f., female slave.

Spas, -wds, η1., Slave. (Both
words refer to slaves taken in
war; derivation, δαμάζω).

δοκέω (tenses formed from Sox-),
lit. seem to myself, think,
deem, suppose; with inf.,
seem, appear ; for πῶς δοκεῖς
II60, see note; wtmpersonal
δοκεῖ, it seems, seems good ;
ἔδοξε, it seemed good, i.e.,
was determined; of δο-
κοῦντες, men of repute,
295 (lit, those who seem
to be wise).

δόλος, m., craft, treachery.

Scpos, m., house, dwelling,
home.

δόξα, f., opinion.

δοξάζω, suppose.

δορι-θήρᾶτος, -ov, captured by
the spear.

δορί-κτητος, -ov, Won by the
spear.

δέρυ, -ἄτος, n., Spear.

δουλεία, 2, slavery.

δούλειος, -α, -ov, of slaves, of
slavery.

δουλεύω, be a slave.

See note, 119.

ΧΙ EURIPIDES :

δούλη, /., a female slave.

δοῦλος, m., aslave; adj. = δού-
A€Los, 137, 1253 ; τὸ δοῦλον,
slavery, 332.

δουλόσυνος, -ov, enslaved.

δράω, δράσω, ἔδρασα (ἔδρανῚ,
δέδρᾶκα, do, accomplish ;
καλῶς δ., do good to,
benefit.

δρύπτω, tear ; mid., tear (one-
se if), 655.

δρῦς, δρυός, f., oak.

Cuvapat, -ἥσομαι, ἐδυνήθην, am

able, can, am _ strong
enough to do.

δύναμις, -ews, 2, power,
strength.

δύο, two.

δύρομαι = ὀδύρομαι, lament.
δύσ-μαχος, -ov, hard to fight
against, irresistible.
δυσ-μενής, -ές, hostile ; τὸ δυσ-
μενές, hostility, 745, note.
δύσ-νοια, 7, ill-will, dislike.
δύσ-τᾶνος, Dor. for δύστηνος.
δύσ-τηνος, -ον, wretched, un-
happy, unfortunate.
δυσ-τυχέω, to be unfortunate,
unlucky.
δυσ-τυχής, -és, unlucky, un-
fortunate.
δυσ-φημέω, use words of evil
omen (with acc. of person
addressed), 182.
δύσ-φημος, -ov, ill-omened.
δύσ-φορος, -ov, hard to bear,
δυσ-χλαινία, f.,.mean clothing
[χλαῖνα = cloak].
δῶμα, -ατος, n., house, hall,
home ; often in pl. for sing.
Swpéopat, give, present.
Δωρίς, -idos, f. adj., Dorian.

ca, interj., ha!
ἐᾷ, from ἐάω.
.

HECUBA

ἐάν, conj. =«i av, if; with subj.,
ἐὰν μή, except, unless. See
Appendix, note A.

ἑαυτόν, -ἤν, pron. refl., him-,
her- self, See Appendix,
note B.

ἐάω, -άσω, suffer, permit, let
alone, let be.

ἐγγύς, adv., near,

ἐγ-κλήω, shut up.

ἐγ-κλίνω, turn.

ἐγ-κονέω, hasten.

ἔγχος, -ους, n., sword.

ἐγώ, pron., 1.

ἐδάην, I understood. See
δάω.

ἔζη, from (aw (irregular contrac-
tion).

ἐθέλω, -ἥσω, be willing, wish,

urpose.

ἐθρέφθην, ἔθρεψα, from τρέφω.

εἰ, conj., if, with ind. and opt. ;
(2) oh that! (with opt.), 836,
note; (3) whether, Lat.
num, 988, 992; καὶ εἰ, 866
318, note.

εἰδείην, εἰδέναι, from οἶδα.

εἶδον, used as aor. of ὁράω.

εἶδος, -ous, n., form, shape,
figure.

εἴδωλον, n., image, phantom.

εἶεν, adv., well then! be it
so!

εἴθε, oh that! would that!
(Lat. utinam),

εἰκότως, adv. of eixws, perf.
part. of ἔοικα, in seemly
fashion, as is seemly.

εἰλάτινος, -η, -ov, adj., of pine
or fir-wood. Epic form of
ἐλάτινος.

εἷλον. See αἱρέω.

εἷμα, -ατος, γ.., cloak.

εἶμι, imperf. ya, I will go,
ibo ; in other moods than the

VOCABULARY

ind. has pres. force, come,
go, &c.

εἰμί, ἔσομαι, ἦν, I am, sum ;
impers. €oti(v), it isallowed
(possible), 234 ; poetical for
to live, 284, &e.

εἶπα, aor. See εἶπον.

εἴπερ, if indeed,

εἶπον, used as aor. of ἀγορεύω
or φημί, Say, speak.

εἴργω, eipfw, cipfa, prevent,
restrain. See note, 867.

εἴρηκα, εἴρημαι, εἰρήσομαι,
perf. and fut. tenses of εἴρω,
speak, say, tell, dc.

eis (ἐς), prep. with acc., into,
against, to, towards.

εἷς, μία, ἕν, one.

εἴσ᾽ -Ξ εἰσί, from εἰμί.

εἰσ-άγω, lead into.

εἰσ-ακούω, hear.

εἰσ-εἶδον, used as aor. of

εἰσ-οράω, look upon, behold,
see, perceive,

εἶτ᾽ = εἶτα.

εἶτα, then.

εἴ-τε, generally doubled, εἴτε...
εἴτε, whether...or. [Lat.
sive... sive. |

εἶχον. See ἔχω.

εἴωθα (perf. from unused ἔθω),
am accustomed; wpart.,
familiar, accustomed.

ἐκ (ἐξ), prep. with gen., out of,
from; (agent) by, at the
hands of, 24, 252. Special
phrases, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς, on the
left hand ; ἐκ δείπνων, after
supper (so also in 1160).

Ἑκάβη, 7, Hecuba.

ἕκαστος, -7, -ov, each. See
note, 1227.

exatt, adv., for the sake of
(with gen.).

ἐκ-βάλλω, cast forth ; shed a

xill

tear, 298; burst or break
in (1044).

ἔκ-βλητος, -ov, cast up.

ἐκ-βολή, 7, that which is cast
forth. See 1078, note.

ék-yovos, subst.,m., child.
ἐκεῖ, there.

ἔκειθ᾽ = ἔκειτο.

ἐκεῖθεν, from thence. See ηοίο,
731.

ἐκεῖνος, -7, -ο, that, he, she, it.

ἐκεῖσε, thither.

ἔκ-κρἴτος, -ον,
chosen.

ἐκ-λογίζομαι,
sider.

ἐκ-παγλέομαι, to wonder at,
admire.

ἐκ-πέμπω, send out, send out
from.

ἐκ-πηδάω, bound forth.

ἐκ-πίμ-πλη-μι, -πλήσω, cc.,
fill, fulfil.

ἐκ-πίπτω, fall out from, lose
(with gen.). See 1026, note.

ἐκ-ποδών, adv., out of the
way.

ἐκ- πράττω, make an end of,
kill.

ἐκ- πρεπής, -€s, pre-eminent.

ἐκ-πτήσσω (aor. ἐξ-έπτηξα),
seare out of.

ἐκ-τείνω, aor. ἐξ-έτεινα, stretch
out.

ἐκ-τήκω, trans., melt; perf.
intr. ἐκτέτηκα, melt. See
433, 434, note.

Extwp, -opos,m. Son of Priam,
the champion warrior of
Troy.

ἐκ- φέρω, cast up, bring out.

ἐκ-φθείρω, utterly destroy.

ἑκών, -ovca, -dv, adj., willing,
often used as adverb=wil-
lingly.

picked out,

reckon, con-

Xiv EURIPIDES :

ἐλάσσων, used as comp. of
μικρός, less.

ἔλαφος, f., hind.

Ἑλένη. Helen, daughter of
Zeus and Leda, wife of
Menelaiis, king of Sparta.
Being carried off by Paris
she caused the Trojan war.

Ἕλενος, Helenus, son of
Priam, a seer.

ἐλεύθερος, -a, -ov, free.

ἑλκόω, wound.

ἕλκω, EAfw, εἵλκυσα,-υκα, drag,
drag away.

‘EdAds, -άδος, adj., Hellenic,
Greek; subst., Hellas,
Greece |.

Ἕλλην, -nvos, adj., Hellenic,
Greek ; subst., a Hellene,
Greek. ‘EAAnvis, -idos, Καὶ
αἂ).

Ἑλληνικός, -7, -όν, Hellenic,
Greek.

ἐλπίζω (aor. opt. -σαιμι), hope.

ἐλπίς, -i5os, f., hope, expec-
tation.

ἐμᾶς, Dor. for ἐμῆς.

ἐμ-αυτόν, -ἦν, γε}. pron., my-
self. See Appendix, note B.

ἐμ-βαίνω, go into, enter.

ἐμ- βατεύω, enter, set foot in.

ἐμ-βεβώς, perf. part. of ἐμβαίνω.

ἕμολον, See βλώσκω.

ἐμός, -ή, -όν, adj., my, mine.

ἔμ-παλιν, adv., backwards,
away (from me), 3433 τὸ
ἔμπαλιν, the contrary, 789.

ἐμ-πίμπλημι, -πλήσω, fill, glut ;
aor. pass. ἐνεπλήσθην.

ἐμ-πίπτω (tenses as πίπτω),
fall upon (with dat.).

“τ

HECUBA

ἐμ-πλησθῶ. See ἐμ-πίμπλημι.

ἐμ-ποδών, in the way (with
dat. ).

ἐν, prep. with dat., in, among.
ἐν, “Ardou, see 418, note.

ἕν, from εἷς.

ἐν-άλιος, -α, -ον, in the sea,
sea- dipped.

ἐναντίον, adv., opposite, face
to face, in the face.

ἐνδεής, -és, lacking in (with
gen. ).

ἐν-δίδωμι, afford, supply.

ἐνδίκως, rightly, justly.

ἔνδον, adv., within.

éveyk-. See φέρω.

ἕνεκα, adr., on account of, for
the sake of (with gen.).

ἔνθα, adv., there, where.

ἐνθάδε, adv., thither, there.

ἔνθεν, adv., thence, on the
other side.

ἐνθένδε, adv., hence; τὸ ἐνθέν-
δε, from henceforth.

ἐν-θνήσκω, cor. ἐν-θανεῖν, die
away, grow numb in.

év-viXos,-ov, by night,nightly.

ἔν-οπλος, -ov, in arms,
armed.

€v-omTpov, mirror [root é7-, cp.
ὄψομαι].

ἐνταῦθα,ααυ., there, thereupon.

ἐν-τίθημι, put in.

ἐντός, Within.

ἐν-τυγχάνω (aor. part.
xwv), light upon.

ἔν-υπνος, -ov, adj., in sleep.

ἐξ-αίρω (aor. part. é£-dpas),
raise aloft.

ἐξ-αιτέομαι, demand. See 49
(note). (Aor. ἐξῃτησάμην.)

ἐντυ-

1 The Greeks always spoke of their country as Hellas, and

of themselves as Hellenes.
belong to later times.

The names ‘ Greece’ and ‘ Greeks’

VOCABULARY XV

ἐξ-αλείφω, smear out, wipe
out.

ἐξ-αλλάσσω, take inexchange,
take in turn, 1061, note.

ἐξ-αλύσκω, -ύξω, ἐξ-ήλυξα, flee,
escape.

ἐξ-αν-ίστημι, raise, lift up,
1165. See Appendix, note
C.

ἐξ-απ-αλλάσσω, set free from,
rid of. See note, 1108.

ἐξ-άρασα. See ἐξ-αίρω.

ἐξ-αυδάω, speak out.

ἐξ-εἴλκον. See ἐξ-έλκω.

ἐξ-ειργασάμην. See ἐξ-εργάζο-
αι.

ἐξ-έλκω, imperf. -εἴλκον, draw
forth.

ἐξ-ἔπτᾶξας. See ἐκ-πτήσσω.

ἐξ-εργάζομαι, wreak, accom-
plish.

ἐξ-ἔρχομαι, come out, come
forth.

ἔξ-εστι(ν), impers., it is al-
lowed, lawful.

ἐξ-ευρίσκω, find out.

ἐξ-έφθαρμαι. See ἐκ-φθείρω.

ἐξ-ἡλυξα. See ἐξ-αλύσκω.

ἐξ-νεγκ-. See ἐκ-φέρω.

ἐξ-ητησάμην. See ἐξ-αιτέω.

ἐξ-ιστορέω, question, investi-
gate.

ἐξ-οικίζω, ἐξῳῴκισα, drive out
from home, exile, dis-
people (887).

ἕξω. See ἔχω.

ἔξω, adv., outside, without
(with gen.).

ἐξ-ῴκισα. See ἐξ-οικίζω.

ἔοικα, part. eixws, perf. with
pres. meaning, seem, seem
likely; €. πράξειν, seem
likely to accomplish ; im-
pers. ἔοικε, it seems.

ἔοιχ᾽ = ἔοικε.

ἐπ-άγω, bring to; so, to cause,
induce (260).

ἐπ-αίρω, raise.

ἐπ-άσσω, émpéa, rush, See
1070, note.

ἐπ-άρκεσις, -ews, f., aid, suc-
cour.

ἐπ- αρκέω, -έσω, help, aid (with
dat.).

ἐπ- αρωγός, m., helper, aider.

3 , > ΓΑ

ἐπ-ἐζεσα. See ἐπιζέω.

3 γ΄ . .

ἐπεί, of time, when, Since,
hence causal, since, seeing
that; with imperative, for,
1208,

ἐπειδ-άν, conj., whenever (with
subj.). See Appendix, note A.

ἔπει- δή, conj., When, seeing
that.

3 ~ > 3

ἐπ-εῖδον, used as aor. of ἐφ-
opaw.

ca -

ἔπ-ειμι, be over, superintend.

ἐπεί-περ, conj., seeing that.

ἐπ-εισ-πίπτω, or. Subj. -πέσω,
rush in.

ἔπειτα, adv., in the next place,
thereupon.

ἐπ-ερείδω, press or haul home.
See 114, note.

> 4 3 ,

ἐπ-ερρόθουν. See ἐπιρροθέω.

ἐπ-έστην. See ἐφ-ίστημι.

ἐπ-εύχομαι, aor. -ηυξάμην, pray
(in addition), note, 542.

ἔπ- ἔχω (tenses like ἔχω), lit.
hold upon ; so, stay, stop,
delay.

ἐπ- ἤγαγον. See ἐπάγω.

ἐπί, prep. with 3 cases ; with acc.,
against, over, to, with re-
gard to, for; with dat., on,
at, by; for, 648 ; with gen.,
upon.

5 ,

ém-Batvw, mount upon,

> ~ > ,

ἐπ-ιδεῖν, See ἐφ-οράω.

ἐπι-δέμνιος, -ον, on a bed.

Xvi

ἐπι-ζέω, -Céow, -έζεσα, boil or
surge upon.

ἐπι-κουρία, /., aid, succour.

émt-AavOdvopat or ἐπι-λήθο-
pat, -λήσομαι, forget (with
gen. ).

ἐπι-ρ-ροθέω, shout assent.

ἐπί-σημος, -ov, lit, having a
mark (σῆμα) on it; so,
remarkable, well marked.

ἐπι-σκήπτω, urge.

ἐπι-σκοπέω, -σκέψομαι, SUper-
vise, watch.

ἐπί-σταμαι, -στήσομαι, know.

ἐπι-στάτης, του, M., Overseer,

ἐπι-σφάζω, -άξω, slay at.

ἐπι- σχ-- See ἐπ-έχω.

ἐπι-τίμια, -ων, n. pl., recom-
pense, requital.

ἐπί-φθονος, -ov, open to hatred
(or envy ?), 1185, note.

ἐπ-οικτείρω, ἐπῴκτειρα, pity.

ἕπομαι, ἕψομαι, ἑσπόμην, follow,
pursue,

ἔποξ, -ους, Nes word.

ἐπε:ῳδός, -όν, called (it, sung)
after [ἀείδω].

ἐπ-ωμίς, -ίδος, f., the shoulder
strap (ofa tunic).

ἔραμαι, ἐρασθήσομαι, ἠράσθην,
love, long for.

ἐράω, only in pres. and imperf.,
love, long for, covet (with

_ gen), 996.

ἐργάζομαι, do, perform, ac-
complish, with double acc.,
264; perf. pass. or depon.,
cipyac pat.

ἔργον, v., deed.

ἐρευνάω, search.

ἐρημία, δ), solitude, solitary
place, 981; (with gen.),
want of, absence, Io17.

ἔρημοξ, -ov, lonely, desolate,

ἐρημόω, abandon, leave.

EURIPIDES:

HECUBA

ἐρήσομαι, See ἔρομαι.

ἔρις, -ios, J., strife, contest.

€popat, -noopat, ask,

ἕρπω, lit. creep, hence come, go.

ἔρρεον, imperf. of pew. (Note
doubled p.)

ἔρχομαι, ἐλεύσομαι, ἦλθον, ἐλή-
λυθα, come, go, &c.

ἐρῶ, used as fut. of φημί.

ἐρωτάω, ask.

és, short form of εἰς.

ἐσεῖδον (subj. ἐσίδω), aor. of
εἰσοράω.

ἐστμηνα; Ist aor. of σημαίνω.

σθλός, -7, -dv, noble, brave,

good, &c.

ἐσπόμην, aor. of ἕπομαι.

ἑστία, f., hearth.

ἔσω, Within.

ἐτάμετο, 2nd aor. mid. of τέμνω.

€tepos, -a, -ov, other (of two).

ἔτι, adv., still; with neg., any
longer.

ἔτλης, 2nd aor. of Thaw,

ἕτοιμος, -7, τον, ready.

ev, adv., well.

εὐ-γένεια, f., noble birth.

εὐ-δαίμων, -ovos, adj., pros-
perous.

εὐ-δοξία, good repute,

εὕδω, -ἥσω, sleep.

εὐθύνω, direct, guide, rule.

εὐθύς, adv., immediately.

€v-tTtros -ov, well-horsed, war-
like.

εὐ-κάρδιος, -ov, stout of heart.

ev-kapdiws, adv., with good
heart.

εὐ-λογέω, Speak well of, praise.

ev-pevys, -és, well-disposed,
friendly.

εὐνή, 7, couch, bed,

εὔ-παις, -παιδος, adj.,
with children.

ev-mpatia, f., prosperity.

δ΄

blest

VOCABULARY

εὐ-πρεπής, -ἔς, adj. , beauteous.

εὕρημα, τατος, Ne; invention.

εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, ηὗρον,ηὕρηκα,
-μαι, ηὑρέθην, find, find out,
discover.

€U-poos, -ov, fair flowing.

Εὐρώπη, 7, Europe.

Εὐρώτᾶς, -ov, m. <A river in
the Peloponnese which
flowed near Sparta.

εὐ-σεβή, -ές, pious, religious.

εὐ-σχήμως, adv., becomingly.

€U-texvos -ov, blest with child-
ren.

εὐ-τρεπής, -és, ready.

€U-TUXéw, Prosper.

εὐ-τυχής, -ές, fortunate.

εὐ-φημέω, speak wordsof good
omen.

εὐφρόνη. f, night (poetical).

ἐφ᾽ = ἐπί.

ἐφ-εστάναι,
ίστημι.

ἐφ- ημι (aor. inf. ἐφ-εῖναι), put
forth, lay upon.

ἐφ-ίστημι, trans. tenses, put
(set) over ; in intrans. tenses,
stand over. See Appendix,
note C.

€p-opdw, aor. ἐπ-εῖδον,
upon, behold.

ἔχηθ᾽ = ἔχητε.

ἔχθιστος, superl. of ἐχθρός.

ἐχθρός -ά, -όν, hated, hateful ;
as subst., an enemy.

ἐχρῆν, imperf. of χρή.

ἔχρησε ‘v), aor. of χράω.

ἔχω, ew (σχήσω), ἔσχον, E-
σχηκα, (I) trans., have,
hold, stay, stop ; with inf.,
have the power to, be able
(614); (2) intrans., lit. hold
oneself; σχές (963); hold!
forbear! @de ἔχει (1195),
so (the matter) stands ; (3)

perf. inf. of ἐφ-

look

EUR. HECUBA

XVil

mid. ἔχομαι (with gen.), cling
to.
€ws, adv., 50 long as.

law, ζῇς, &c., part. ζῶν, inf.
ζῆν, live (contracts into ἢ
not a).

ζεύγ-νῦμι, ζεύξω, yoke.

Ζεύς, Διός, ηι. Zeus, the king
of gods and men.

ζέω, Céow, boil.

Cn, ζῆν. See Saw.

ζῆλος, m., rivalry.

ζηλόω, strive for.

ζητέω, seek.

ζόη, f., life (poetic form of ζωή).

ζυγόν (ζυγός), ., yoke.

ζωή, f., life.

ζώνη, f., girdle (Eng. zone).

, interrog ae particle.
Or, 7... ἢ; either .. . Or.
ἢ, from ὃ ὁ, ἡ, τό.
ἢ, rom ὅς, ἥ,
q>./rom ὅς, ἥ,
ἡγεμών, τόνος, c., guide,
iyyeopat,-yooua,7ynua,think,
consider ; with dat., lead.

ἠδέ, and (poetic word).

ἥδε, from ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε.

ἡδέως, adv., gladly.

ἤδη. adv., now, immediately,
already.

ἡδύ-λογος, -ov, sweet-speak-
ing, sweet-voiced.

ἡδύς, -εἴα, -v, sweet.

"H6wvés, -όν, Edonian. See
1152, note.

ἥκιστα, adv., least ; hence in
an answer, by no means.

ἠκριβωκώς. See ἀκριβόω.

ἥκω, impery. ἧκον, am come.

ἦλθον. See ἔρχομαι.

ἥλιος, m., the sun; in 1. 1067,

the Sun God (personified).

ἷ
ἢ,

s

os O36

XViii

ἤλυσις, Δ, going, step.
ἦμαρ, -aros, n., day (poetical).
ἡμέρα, ἢ, day; καθ᾽ ἡμέραν,
daily.
ἦμος, when ( poetic word).
ἦν, imperf. of εἰμί.
nv -Ξ ἐάν.
ἥν, Jrom os, ἥ, ὅ.
ἤνεγκον, aor. of φέρω.

ἘΠΕΙΡΙΘΕΒῚ

ἡνίκα, when (poetic word).
ἠπύω, say, utter (poetic word).

ἠράσθην. See ἔραμαι.
ἧἦσμεν. Sce οἶδα.

ἡσσάομαι, be worsted.

ἧσσον, adv., less. |

ἥσυχος, -ov, adj., calm; so, at |
rest, idle, silent (1109). |

ἥσω, fut. 0 of inut.

ἠχώ, -ous, f., sound,
Echo (personified).

156 ;

oe

θᾶκος, m., seat (poetic word).

θάλαμος, m., bridal chamber.

θαλάσσιος, -a, -ov, of the sea,
sea-.

θαλασσό-πλαγκτος, -ον, made
to wander o’er the sea, sea-
tossed,

θάμβος, -ους, n., amazement.

θανάσιμος, -ov, deadly.

θάνατος, m., death.

θάπτω, bury.

θαρσέω, be of good courage.

θάρσος, -ous, n., confidence.

θάσσω (only pres.), sit (idle).

θαῦμα, n., marvel.

θαυμάζω, intrans., Wonder ;
trans., admire, honour.

θεά, f., goddess, 463.

θεάομαι, -άσομαι, gaze at.

θεῖος, -a, -ov, inspired by a
god. See 87, note.

θέλω = ἐθέλω.

HECUBA

᾿ θεό-δμητος, -ov, god-built.

θεό-θεν, adv., from the gods.

θεός, m., a god ; πρὸς θεῶν, by
the gods.

θεράπαινα, ἢ, hand-maid. ©

Qeoamvn( Dor. depanva), f.,either
(1) for θεράπαινα -- ἃ hand-
maid, or (2) a habitation,
dwelling. See note, 482.

θεσπι-ῳδός, -όν, chanting in
prophetic strain, hence in-
spired.

Θέτις, -ἰδος, f. A daughter of
the sea-god Néreus, wife of
Péleus, mother of Achilles.

θήκη; , chest.

θῆλυς, -v (and -vs, -era, -v),
female.

Onp, θηρός, m., wild beast.

θησαυρός, m., treasure.

Θησείδης, -ov, m. Son of the
Athenian hero Theseus,
125, note.

θιγ-γάνω, θίξομαι, ἔθιγον, touch
(with gen.).

θνησκω, σαν μας: ἔθανον, τέ-
θνηκα, die, be slain.

| θνητός, -7, dy, mortal ; subst.,

a mortal,

θοίνη, f., feast.

Qods, -ά, -dv, swift.

θόρυβος, m., noise, clamour,
tumult.

θρασύνομαι, be over-bold or
insolent.

θρασυ-στομέω, be bold (inso-
lent) of tongue.

θρεφθῆναι, aor. inf. pass. of
τρέφω.

Θρήκη, 7. Thrace, ἃ country
to the north of the Aegaean
sea.

| rAd mags -a, -ov, Thracian.

Θρτξ, Θρῃκός, adj. and subst.,
ir hanciaial

VOCABULARY XIX

θρηνέω, wail for, lament.

θρῆνος, »»., lamentation,dirge.

θυγάτηρ, -τρύς, f., daughter.
ὕμα, -ατος, N., Sacr ifice,

θυμός, m., wrath.

θυμόομαι, am angry; τὸ

θυμούμενον, Wrath,

θυσία, f., sacrifice.

θυσιᾶν, Dor. gen. pl. of θυσία.

θωύσσω, cry out, shout [perh.
Srom θώς, a jackal].

“In, Dor. “Ida, /: Ida, a
mountain near Troy.

Ἰδαῖος, -a, -ov, of Ida ; Bovrns
I. = Paris.

ἰδίᾳ, adv. dat, in
individually.

ἴδιος, -a, -ον, private, indivi-
dual, personal.

ἰδοῦ, imperat. of εἰδόμην.

ἰδού, adv., lo! behold!

ἱερεύς, ἕως, m., priest.

ἱερός, “ἀ, -dv, sacred.

ἵζω (only in pres. tenses), sit.

inp, how, ἧκα, €ika, εἶμαι,
εἴθην, send; utter (338) ;
intrans., betake oneself,
rush, 164, note.

ἴθι, imperat. of εἶμι, ibo.

ἱκέσιος -a, -ον, of suppliants.

ἱκετεύω, trans. and intrans.,
supplicate, entreat.

ἱκέτις, -ἴδος, f., a (female) sup-
pliant.

ἱκνέομαι, ἵξομαι, ἱκόμην, ἵγμαι,
come to.

Ἰλιάς, -άδος, (1) fi adj., of
Ilion ; (2) subst., (a) Trojan
woman, (b) Troy.

Ἴλιον, ., Ilion, Troy.

Ἴλιος, τα; -ον, Tian, Trojan.

ἵνα, conj., in order that, with
subj, and opt. ; adv., where,

private,

where'n (with indic.\. See
note 818 for special use with
indic.

ἱππότης, -ov, m., horseman.

ipa, neut., for ἱερά, sacred
things (rites).

ἴσος, -7, τον, equal, hence fair,
just.

ἵ-στη-μι, στήσω, ἔστησα, (ἔσ-
THY), ἕστηκα, ἐστάθην, trans.
tenses, make to stand, set,
place; intrans.,stand. See
Appendix, note C.

ἱστός, m., mast.

ἰσχύω, be strong; πλέον i.,
be stronger than, prevail
over.

ἴσχω (only in pres. tenses, colla-
teral form of ἔχω), hold,
stop.

ἴσως, adv., equally, perhaps.

ἴχνος, τους, n., track, hence
foot.
ἰώ, interj., oh! ah! alas!

κἀγώ, κἄγωγε -- Ξε καὶ ἔγώ (crasis).

καθ᾽ = κατά (crasis).

καθ-αιμάσσω, aor. καθήμαξα,

make bloody [αἷμα].

ka0-atpéw, over-power.

KaQ-etAov, wor. of καθ-αιρέω.

καθ-είς, aor. part. of καθ-ίημι.

καθ-έξω, fut. of κατ-έχω.

καθ-ίημι, let down, lower.

καθ-οράω, κατόψομαι, κατεῖδον,
behold.

καί, conj., and, also, even.

kat δῆ. See note, 758.

καὶ μήν. See note, 216.

καινός, -7, -dv, new, fresh,
strange.

kat-tep, adv., although (with
part.).

καιρός, m., a point of time,

M 2

xx EURIPIDES’:

season, crisis; és καιρόν,
at a suitable time, 666.

κακόγλωσσος, -ov, «adj., ill-
tongued.,

κακός, -ἤ, -όν, bad, evil; swbst.,
kaka, evils, 233; reproaches,
abuse, 375.

kakvvopat, behave badly.

κακῶς, badly, ill, miserably.

καλέω, καλῶ, ἐκαλέσα, κέκληκα,
-μαι, ἐκλήθην, κεκλήσομαι,
681].

καλλί-διφρος, -ον, of the fair
chariot.

κάλλιστα, super.
most gloriously.

κάλλος, -ovs, 1., beauty.

καλός, -7, -ov, fair, beautiful,
good, noble.

καλῶς, adv., nobly, honour-
ably. See Spa.

κἄμ᾽ = καὶ ἐμέ (crasis).

κάμαξ, -ἄκος, f., spear-shaft,
lance.

κάμνω, καμοῦμαι, ἔκἄμον, κέ-
Κκμηκα, grow weary, hence
suffer.

κάμπτω, κάμψω, bend, 1150;
intrans., turn, 1079.

κἄν = καὶ ἄν. Kav = καὶ ἐν
(crasis).

κἀνάθρησον = καὶ
(crasis).

κανών, -dvos, m., lit. a straight
rod (for measuring, c.),
hence rule, standard.

Katret =x -t ἐπεί (crasis).

κἄπειτα = καὶ ἔπειτα (crasis).

καπνός, 7)., smoke.

κάρα (only in nom. and acc.),
head ; Κασάνδρας κάρα, 677,
note.

καρδία, Δ, heart.

καρπός, 7)... fruit.

κἀρσένων = καὶ ἀρσένων (crasis).

of καλῶς,

ἀνάθρησον

HECUBA

καρτερέω, persist, continue.

kapvtas(a), Doric for κηρύξασα.

καρχήσιον, v., lit, a drinking
cup, hence (from its shape),
mast-head of a ship.

κἀς -- καὶ és (crasis),

Kaodvipa, Cassandra, daugh-
ter of Priam, gifted with
prophecy by Apollo, went
to Greece with Agamem-
non, and was there slain
by Clytaemnestra.

Kao Jevets = καὶ ἀσθεν εἴς (ογα515).

κάσις, -ἰος, 6., brother, 428;
sister, 361, 944.

κάτ(α) -- καὶ εἶτα (crasis).

κατά, prep. with gen. and ace.,
(1) with gen., down from ;
(2) with acc, down =
throughout (κατ᾽ ἄστυ), in
(κατὰ Θρήκην). Phrases, κατ᾽
ἴχνος, on their track ; καθ᾽
ἡμέραν, day by day; so
κατ᾽ ἣ μαρ.

κατα-θνῃσκω, die, be slain.

κατα-κέχρωσμαι, perf. of κατα-
χρώννῦμι.

κατα-κτείνω, slay, kill.

κατα-παύω, make to cease.

κατάρα, f., curse.

κατ-ἀρᾶτος, -ov, accursed.

kat-apxopat, begin, com.
mence.

κατα-σκάπτω, dig down, over-
throw; dor. pdss. κατε-
σκάφην.

κατά-σκοπος, ., Spy.

κατα-στάζω, -fw, shed, 760,
note; wet, 241.

κατα-τείνω, lit, stretch down
tight, (mid.) stretch one-
self = strive; part. = ve-
hement, contentious.

κατα-χρώ-ννῦμι, -κέχρωσμαι,
-εχρώσθην, stain, 911.

VOCABULARY

κατ-εἴπον (aor. with no pres.),
denounce, betray.

Kat-etxov. 8:6 κατ-έχω.

κατ-έκταν, poctic aor. of κατα-
κτείνω.

κατ-ερείπω, -ερείψω, -ηρείφθην,
overthrow.

κατ-εσκάφην, “or. pass. of
κατα-σκάπτω.
κατ-έσχον. See κατ-έχω.

κατ-έχω, καθέξω (κατα-σχήσων,
κατέσχον, hold back, de-
tain, restrain, seize (1166),
occupy, dwell in (81).

κατ-θανεῖν, aor. inf. of κατα-
θνῃσκω.

κἄτι -- καὶ ἔτι (crasis).

κάτ-οχος, -ον, subject to.

κατ-όψομαι. See καθ-οράω.

κάτω, adv., below, esp. re-
Jerring to the under-world.

κατ-ῶρυξ, -vxos, ἢ, cavern,
pit [ὀρύσσω, dig).

καὐτός = καὶ αὐτός (crasis).

κεῖμαι, κείσομαι, lie, lie low.
See notes, 16, 292.

κεῖνος = ἐκεῖνος.

κέκαρμαι. See ἀπο-κείρω.

κέκτημαι, perf. of κτάομαι.

κέλάδος, m., din. loud
shout.

κέλευσμα, -aTos, 7”., com-
mand.

κελεύω, bid, command.

κέλλω, κέλσω, ἔκελσα, put into
harbour, 1057, note.

κενός, -7, -ov, empty, devoid
of (with gen. ), 230 ; useless,
vain, 824.

Kevtéw, pierce, stab.

κερδαίνω, -δανῶ, ἐκέρδᾶνα, gain,
518, note.

κέρδος, -ous, ἢ... gain.

Kepxis, -idos, f., the rod by
which the threads of the woof

XX1

were driven home, so as to
make the web even and close ;
hence the garment spun by
the loom, 1153, note, and in
p’., the loom, 363.

κευθμών, -ὥνος, m., hiding-
place.

κεύθω, Kevow, Exevoa, κέκευθα,
hide.

κέχρωσμαι, perf. pass. of χρών-
νυμι.

κηδεστήξ, -οὔ, m., kinsman.

κηδεύω, make ἃ marriage-
alliance, marry.

κηλητήριος, -a, -ov, propiti-
atory.

κηλίς, -ἶδος, f., stain.

κήρυγμα, -aTos, N., announce-
ment.

κηρυξ, -ὔκος, m., herald, mes-
senger.

Knpvoow,announce, proclaim,
invoke (148).

κίδναμαι (only in pres. tenses),
be spread.

κίνδῦνος, m., danger.

κϊνέω, move, disturb.

Κισσεύςξ, -έως, m. Cisseus,
a Thracian king, father of
Hecuba.

κισσός, η1.; ivy.

κλαίω, κλαύσομαι, -σοῦμαι,
ἔκλαυσα, κέκλαυμαι, Weep ;
trans., Weep for, lament
for.

κλέμμα, v., a thing stolen,
618, note ᾿ κλέπτω, steal).

κλέος, 2. (only in nom. and acc.
sing. and pil.), fair fame.
reputation.

kKAnpow, apportion by lot,
allot.

κλίνη, ἢ, couch.

κλύδων, -wyos,
billow.

m., wave,

Xxii EURIPIDES

κλυδώνιον, 7., wavelet (dimin-
utive),

κλύω, ἔκλυον, aor. imperat.
κλῦθι, hear, listen, listen
to.

κοιμίζω, lull to sleep, i.e.
kill, 474; mid.,. sleep,
826.

κοινός, -7), -όν, common, joint.

κοίτη, /., bed, hence lair (of wild
beasts), 1084, note.

κολεός, m., Sheath (ofa sword).

κόμη, 7, hair (of the head),
usually pl.

κομίζω, bring, conduct, escort,
carry, carry off.

κομιστήρ, -7pos, m., conductor.

κόμπος, m., vaunt, boast.

κόνις, -ews (-€0s), f., dust.

κόπις, -ews, m., prater, cun-
ning speaker, 134, note.

κόρη;.7., girl, daughter ; pupil
of the eye, 972.

koppos, m., log [Κείρω, lop}.

κορυφή, f., top.

κόσμος, m., ornament, de-
coration.

κοὐ, κοὐκ = καὶ οὐ(κ) (crasis).

κούρη -- κόρη. 2 ΕΑ

κραίνω, κρανῶ, ἔκρανα, ἐκράν-
θην, accomplish, carry (a
vote).

κρᾶτα, 7. (nom. κράς not found),
head.

κρατέω, neuter, have power,
might ; with gen., prevail
over, rule, overpower.

κράτος, -ous, 7., might ; with
gen., Mastery over, 883.

κραυγή, /., outcry, shouting.

κρείσσων, -ov, used as comp. of
ἀγαθός, stronger, better ;
κρείσσονα ἢ φέρειν, too great
to be borne (lit. to bear’.

κρίνω, κρινῶ, ἔκρινα, κέκρικα,

HECUBA

-μαι, ἐκρίθην, judge, decide,
(89) interpret.

κρόκεος, -ov, saffron-coloured.

Κρονίδης, -ov, m., son of
Cronos.

Kpouvos, m., spring, fount.

κρυπτός, -7, -dv, stealthy.

κρύπτω, -Yw, ἔκρυψα, κέκρυμ-
μαι, ἐκρύφθην, hide, con-
668], with double ace., 570;
so, hidein the ground,bury,
κρύφιος, -a, -ov, by stealth.
κταν-. 8.6 κτείνω.

κτάομαι, κτήσομαι, κέκτημαι,
ἐκτήθην, get, win; in perf.,
have, own; κτηθείς, pass.
sense, brought.

κτείνω, κτενῶ, EXTELVA, ἔκτἄνον,
kill, slay.

κτύπος, m., outcry, din.

κύκλος, m., circle, orb.

kukAdopat, encircle.

κῦμα, -ατος, 7., wave, billow.

κυν- ηγέτηξ, -ov, m., hunter ;
lit. dog-leader.

Κύπρις, -ἰδος, f. Cypris, a
name of the goddess Aphro-
dite, derived from the isle
of Cyprus, where she was
especially | worshipped ;
hence love, 825.

κὔρέω, meet with, light upon,
obtain ; intrans., happen,
befall.

κύων, κυνός, c., dog, hound.

κῶλον, 7., limb.

κώπη, f., handle, hence oar,
456; hilt (of a sword), 543.

λαγών, -dvos, f., side, flank.

Λαερτιάδης, -ov, m. Son of
Laértes, king of Ithaca,
i.e. Odysseus,

Λαέρτιος,
Laértes,

Laértius =

m.

VOCABULARY

λαθών, aor. part. of λανθάνω.

λάθρᾳ, secretly.

λαιμός, m., throat.

λαιμό-τομος, -ov, with the
throat cut.

λαῖφος, -ous, n., a sail.

λαιψηρός, -a, -dv, swift, fleet.

Λάκαινα, a Laconian (Spar-
tan) woman, 441, 651.

λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον,
εἴληφα, «μμαι, ἐλήφθην, take,
get, receive, seize, take
hold of.

λαμπρός, -ά, τόν, bright.

NavOdve, λήσω, ἔλἄθον, λέληθα,
-σμαι, escape the notice of
(with ace.).

λαός, m., a people ; pl., host,
553-

Adokw, λακήσομαι, ἐλάκησα
(ἔλακον), λέλᾶκα, speak of,
mention, 678; cry aloud,
ITIO.

λάτρις, -ἰος, £, hand-maiden.

Λατώ, Dor. for Λητώ.

λέγω, λέξω, ἔλεξα (εἶπον), εἴρη-
κα, ἐλέχθην, say, speak,
declare, speak to, address,
speak of; pass, be re-
ported.

Ae-nAatéw, drive off booty
[λεία, booty ; ἐλα-, drive].

λείπω, -ψω, ἔλϊπον, λέλοιπα,
λέλειμμαι, ἐλείφθην, leave.

λεκτός, -ἤ, -όν, chosen, picked.
λέκτρον, n., couch, esp. mar-
riage-couch.

λέλακα. See λάσκω.

λευρός, -ά, -όν, smooth,

λεύσσω. gaze, gaze at.

A€xos, -ovs, n., couch, mar-
riage-couch.

λέχριος, -a, -ov, lit, slanting,
sideways. See 1026, note.

λεώς, -w, m., host.

XXiil
Ajpvos, jf. Lemnos, an
island in the Aegaean
sea.

Λητώ, -οῦς, f. Leto (in Latin,
Latona), mother of Apollo
and Artemis,

λιάζομαι, ἐλιάσθην, bend or
turn aside. See note, oo.

λίαν, adv., very, excessively;
TO λ., EXcess, 591, note.

λῖμήν, -evos, m., harbour.
λίμνη, 2, pool, lake, sea.

Xivé-kpokos, -ov, flax-woven.

λιπαίνω, make fat, enrich.

λίσσομαι, pray, entreat.
λιτή, 7, prayer, entreaty.

Aoyas, -ados, selected, chosen.

λόγος, m., word, argument,
story, speech, conversa-
tion.

λόγχη; #, spear, lance.

λογχο-φόρος, -ov, lance-bear-
ing.

λοιδορέω, rail at.

λοιπός, -7, -dv, left, remain-
ing.

λοίσϑιος, -α a, τον, left, remain-
ing ; τὸ λοίσθιον, at last.

λουτρόν, 7 (usually in pl.),
water ( ie washing), 780 ;
bath, 1281; washing,
ὅτι.

λούω, wash.
λύκος, m., a wolf.
λύμη. ἢ, shame, outrage.
Atrréw, frans., pain, grieve.
λύπη. Ἢ: pain, gricf.
υπρός, -a, -dv, grievous.
λύω, loosen, unfurl; pass.,
be relaxed, fail.
λώβη; f., outrage, ruin.

3 9 ,

μ΄ -ε με, from ἔγω.

μάθημα, -ατος, v., learning,
science,

Xxiv

μαίνομαι, μανοῦμαι, μέμηνα,
ἐμάνην, am mad,

pdakap,-apor-apa, -ap, blessed
(of the gods).

μακρός, -d, -dv, long; διὰ
μακροῦ, for a long time, 320,
note.

μάλα, adv., much.
1037.

μάλιστα, adv., most, especi-
ally, certainly (superi. of
μάλα).

μᾶλλον, adv., more, rather,
377, note (compar. of μάλα).

μανείην, wor. opt. of μαίνομαι.

See note,

μανθάνω, μαθήσομαι, ἔμαθον,
μεμάθηκα, learn, learn
of.

μαντι-πόλος, -ον, adj., in-
spired.

μάντις, -εως, 71., Seer.

μάνυσον, Dor. for μήνυσον.

μαργάω, rage.

μάρπτω, ψω, seize.

μαστεύω, seek after.

μαστός, m., breast.

μᾶτεύω, seek,

μάτην, adv., in vain, to no
purpose.

μάτηρ, Dor. for μήτηρ.

μάχομαι, μαχοῦμαι, ἐμαχεσά-
“μὴν, μεμάχημαι, fight.

μέγα, adv., greatly, very.

μέγας, -άλη, -a, great.

μεθ᾽ = = μετά.

μεθ-ῆχ᾽ = μεθ-ῆκε, aor. of μεθί-
ημι.

μεθ-ίημι, -ἥσω, let go, release;
throw, fling; suffer, allow;
mid., leave hold of (with

gen.), 400; μέθες (λόγον),
cease, 888.

μειζόνως, compar. adv., more,
worse.

μείζων, -ovos, greater,

EURIPIDES :

HECUBA

μελάγ-χρως, -wros, dark-skin-
ned, swarthy.

μέλαθρον, dwelling; p. ov-
ράνιον, the hall of heaven.

μελαν-αυγής, -ές, dark-gleam-
ing.

μελανό- πτερος,
winged.

peAavo-mréput, -vyos, black-
winged.

μέλας, -ava, -αν, black, dark,

μέλει, it is a care or concern ;
οὐδὲν μέλει μοι =I care
nothing, 1274.

μέλεος, -ον or -a, -ov, wretched,
hapless.

μέλλω, -70w, be about to;
hesitate, delay, 726; τὸ
μέλλον, what is to be.

μέλος, -ous, 2., limb.

μέλος, -ους, n., a Strain, song.

μέμνημαι, remember, pers. of
μιμνήσκομαι.

μέμφομαι, find fault with,
blame (acc. of person, gen.
of the cause).

μέν, particle used to show that
the word or clause with which
it stands answers to a following
word or clause, which is intro-
duced by δέ: μέν... 6€=on
the one hand... on the
other, but μέν may often be
left untranslated. Combined
μὲν οὖν, nay rather, so
then, 798 ; μέντοι, however,
nevertheless, after all,
600.

μένω, μενῷ, ἔμεινα, μεμένηκα,
remain, wait.

μέριμνᾶ, 2, care, source of
care,

μέρος, -ous, ἢ...) part, share ; ἐν
μέρει, in turn, 1130 ; τὸ
ἐκείνου μ., With regard to

black-

τον,

VOCABULARY

him, 989 (Jif. as to his
part).

μεσο-νύκτιος.- ον, αὐ midnight.

μέσος, -ἢ, -ov, ‘middle, “the
middle of ; ἐν μέσοις, in their
midst, 531 ; ἐν μέσῳ, inthe
middle, 1150.

μέσως, adv., moderately ; ov
μέσως (1113) = consider-
ably.

μετά, prep. with acc., gen. and
dat. (the last in poetry only) :
with acc., after, in quest
of ; with gen., with, among;
with dat., among, amidst,
355, ote.

peta-kAatw, lament.

μεταξύ, adv. = prep., between.

μετα-πέμπω, send after.

HeT-dpatos, τον, upright.

μετά-στασις, -ews, f., change.

μετα-στείχω, come after, seek,

μετ-έρχομαι, -ῆλθον, come
after, come to fetch.

μέτ-εστι ( from μέτ-ειμι), there
is a share.

μή, not, the negative of thought
as ov of statement; hence
especially used with impera-
tives, in conditions and wishes.
μὴ σύ γε (moinons), do not
so; εἰ μή, if not, unless,
except.

py-5€,and not, nor yet, not
even.

μηδ-είς, μηδεμία, μηδέν, no
one, nothing; adv. neut.,
μηδέν, in no way, not at
all, 372, &c.

μήθ᾽ = μήτε.

μήν, particle used to strengthen
asseverations ; ἢ μήν, in very
truth ; καὶ μήν, and look
you, 216, 317, 665, nofes.

μηνύω, reveal, declare,

XXV

μήῆ-ποτε, adv., lest ever, never.

μή-πω, adv., not yet.

py-Te, and not, neither, nor;
pyre... μήτε, neither...
nor.

μήτηρ, -Tpds, f., mother.

μιαι- φόνος, -ov, blood-defiled.

μῖκρός, -d, -dv, little, small;
comp. ἐλάσσων, 892.

μι-μβνῃ-σκω, μνήσω, ἔμνησα,
μέμνημαι, ἐμνήσθην, remind;
mid., remember.

μισθός, m., hire, pay, reward.

μίτρα, 7, snood, headband.

μολ-. See βλώσκω.

μολπή, 7, song, strain.

μόνον, adv., only.

μονό-πεπλος. -ov, wearing only
one garment, 933, note.

μόνος. -7, -ov, alone.

μόρος, m., doom, fate.

μορφή, /., form, shape.

μόσχος, ἢ, young heifer, 205 ;
hence maiden, 526.

μοχθέω, toil.

μόχθος, m., toil, labour.

μῦθος, m., word, speech,
counsel,

μυρίος,-α, τον, countless, vast.

μυχός, m., Innermost part,
recess.

μῶν -- μὴ οὖν (crasis), interrog.
adv. expecting the answer No ;
surely not ?

vaiw (only in pres. and impf.
tenses), dwell.

νᾶός, m., (1) temple ; (2) gen.
of ναῦς, 1263.

νασμός, m., stream.

vacos, Dor. for νῆσος.

vat-Aoxos, -ov, harbouring
ships.

ναῦς, νεώς (ναός), f., Ship.

ναυ-στολέω, go by ship, sail.

XXVi

ναύτης, -ov, m., sailor; used
as adjective, 921.

vauTikos, -7, -όν, of sailors.

ναυτίλος, m., a sailor ( poetic
word).

vedvias, -ov, m., young man.

veavis, -tdos, f., maiden,

νεκρός, Me, dead body, corpse,

νέμω, -@, ἔνειμα, νενέμηκα,
attribute, assign. See note,
868.

νέος, -a, -ov, young, new ; hence
strange.

νεο-σφαγής, -és, fresh slain.

νέρθε(ν), adv., below ; τοὺς γῆς
v., the gods of the under-
world.

vevw, nod or beckon.

νέφος, -ous, 7., cloud; hence
multitude.

νεῶν, from vats.

νεωστί, adv., lately; τοὺς ν.
δεσπότας, our new masters.

νή-νεμος, -ov, still, silent [»7,
not ; ἄνεμος, wind].

νῆσος, f., island.

vikdw, conquer, surpass,

νιν = him, her ( poetic).

νομίζω, be accustomed, 326,
note.

νόμος, m., custom,
law ; strain, 685.

νόστιμος, -ον, returning.

νόστος, m., return home,

votis, -ίδος, f., water (poetic).

νοῦς (νόος), νοῦ, m., mind,

νύκτερος, -ov, nightly, by
night.

νύμφη. /., bride.

νυμφίος, m., bridegroom,

νῦν, adv., now.

vuv, enclitic, 50,
then.

νύξ, νυκτός, f., night.

νῶτον, 2., usually pl., back.

usage,

therefore,

EURIPIDES :

HECUBA

ξεῖνος, Tonic=fevos.

ξενία, 7, relation of a guest-
friend, hospitality.

ξενο- κτονέω, slay a guest.

ξένος, (1) m. subst., a guest-
friend, or one of two parties
bound by ties of hos-
pitality, i.e. either guest or
host ; (2) adj., -ov or -n, τον,
foreign.

ξίφος, -ous, n., sword.

ξυγγ-; ξυμ-, Evv-. See συ-.

ξυν-εχώρουν. See συγ-χωρέω.

ξυστόν, a spear, 920 [évw,
polish]; lit. polished shaft.

ὃ, ἢ; τό, article, the; with inf.,
τὸ κατθανεῖν, death, 356;
cp. 260, 378, 600; with adj.,
τὸ δοῦλον, slavery, 332;
τὸ θυμούμενον, wrath, 299;
with participles, translated by
relative and verb, τοὺς κάτω
σθένοντας, those who rule
in the under-world; οἱ
per. 2 eee δέ, some...
others ; : (rel. ) τήν = jv, 636.

6, from ὃ ὅς, ἥ, 0.

ὀγκόομαι, be puffed up, or
vain.

ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, this, often used
to point at a person, 339, 860,
and especially referring to one-
self, 203 ; τῇδε, thus, 1007.

650s, f., Way.

ὄδυρμα, -aros, 7., ὀδυρμός, m.,
lamentation, complaint.

ὀδύρομαι, lament.

᾿Οδυσσεύς, (᾿ Ὀδυσεύς) -έως, m.
Odysseus (Ulysses), king
of Ithaca, the most cun-
ning Greek at Troy.

ὄζος, m., offshoot, scion.

ot, ah! alas!

οἷ᾽ =oia,

VOCABULARY

ot, from 6, ἡ, τό.

ot, from os, 7, ὅ.

οἷάπερ -- οἷά περ, such things
as, 1048,

οἶδα, plupers. ἤδη, know.

οἶδμα, -ατος, n., surge, swell
(of the sea).

oils, -vos, f., woe.

οἴκαδε, homewards.

oikife (aor. ᾧκισα, perf. mid.
ᾧκισμαι), cause to dwell,
mid, dwell.

οἶκος, 1., house, family ; pi.,
the tents.

οἰκ-ουρός, , house-keeper,
mistress.

οἰκτείρω, pity (aor. ᾧὥκτειραλ).

οἰκτίζω, pity (aor. mid. ᾧκτι-
capnyv).

οἶκτος, m., pity, compassion ;
δι᾿ οἴκτου ἔχειν, regard with
pity, 851, note.

οἰκτρός, -ά, -dv, piteous, piti-
able.

οἰκτρότατος, superl. of οἰκτρός.

οἰκτρῶς, adv., piteously, piti-
ably.

οἴ- μοι, ah me! woe is me!

οἰμωγή, Δ, wailing, lamenta-
tion.

οἷος, -a, -ov, relative pron., correl.
of τοῖος, of such a kind as,
such as; of what kind,
what; οἷός re, able (lit.
such as to...).

οἶσθα, from οἶδα.

οἴσω, from φέρω.

οἴχομαι, imperf. ὠχόμην, οἰχή-
σομᾶι, am gone; impery.,
had gone, see note, 141 ; be
lost, perish, be undone,
822, 1231.

ὄλβιος, -ov, or -a, -ov, happy,
blessed.

ὄλβος, m., happiness.

ΧΧΝῚΪ

ὀλέθριος, -ον, deadly.

ὄλλῦμι, GAG, ὥλεσα, ὀλώλεκα,
ὠλόμην (GAwAa=I am un-
done, 784; destroy ; mid.,
perish.

ὁμ-αρτῆ, adv., together.

ὅμ-τλος, η1., crowd.

ὄμ-μα, -ατος, 7., eye; sight,
1045.

ὁμό-δουλος, 7, fellow-slave.

ὅμοιος, -a, -ov, like, similar.

ὀμφαλός, m., navel,

ὅμως, adv., nevertheless.

ὁμῶς, adv, equally.

ov, Srom we το

ov, from os, 7, ὃ.

ὀναίμην, aor. opt. of dvivnu.

ὀνειδίζω, aor. ὠνείδισα, blame,
upbraid, throw in one’s
teeth.

ὄνειρον (Ovetpos,8g) ,7., dream.

ὀνειρό- φρων, -ovos, adj., skilled
in dreams.

ὄνη-σις, τεῶς; 7. benefit, profit.

ὀνίνημι, ὀνήσω, ὥνησα, ὠνήμην,
ὠνήθην, benefit ; mid., en-
joy, with gen., 997.

ὄνομα, 7., Name.

ὄνυξ, τυχος, m., nail,

om-, acc. otra, defective noun,
voice, word.

ὀπάων, -ονος, m., attendant.

ὅπλα, 7., pl., arms, weapons.

ὁποῖος, -α. -ov, of what kind ;
adv. acc., ὁποῖα, like, 398,
note.

ὅπου. adv., where, when.

ὅπως, conj., in order that;
adv., as.

ὁράω, ὄψομαι, εἶδον, ἑώρᾶκα,
-αμαι (ὦμμαι), ὥφθην, see,
look at; look for, await,
gol.

ὄρειος, -ον or -a, -ov, of the
mountain.

XXVIli

ὀρέστερος, -a, -ov, of the
mountain,

ὀρθός, -17, -dv, upright, 7. ὁ. un-
destroyed ; steep, lofty,
221, Seenote, 972.

ὀρθόω, support, raise.

δρίζω, dpa, ὥρισα, perf. pass.
ὥρισμαι, determine, define,
801; part, sever, 941; pass
(a vote), 259.

ὅρισμα, v., boundary. See
16, note.

δρμάω, lit. set in motion; so,
nurry away, 145; mid., be
hurled, 1o4r.

ὅρμος, m., anchorage.

ὄρνις, tos, ὩΣ bird.

Op-vipt, ὄρσω, ὦρσα, dpwpa,
arouse,

ὅρος, m., boundary ; district.
ὀρρωδέω, dread, fear.
ὀρφᾶνός, -όν or -7, -dv, bereft of.
ὅς, ἥ, 0, rel. pron., Who, which;
6=6 6, wherefore, 13;
ἔστιν 7, there is a point in
which, 857, note.
ὅσιος, -a, -ov, holy, righteous.
ὅσος, -n, -ov, as great (much)
as, how great (much); pl.,
how many, as many as; adv.
acc., dgov,as much as; ὅσον
ov, all but, 143, note; ὅσον
τάχος, With all speed, 1284.
ὅσ-περ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ; WHO, which.
ὄσσε, -wy (dat. -v1s), eyes.
ὅσ-τε, ἥτε, ὅτε, who, which.
ὅσ-τις, ἥτις, ὅ τι (who, which),
whoever, whichever.
ὀστοῦν, ὀστέον, 11., a bone.
ὅτ᾽ -- ὅτε.
ὅτ-αν, whenever, when, with
subj. See Appendix, note A.
ὅτε, When.
ὅτου. gen.; ὅτῳ, dat. of torts.
ov, οὐκ, adv., not, used especially

EURIPIDES :

HECUBA

(like Lat. non) in statements _
and with the ind. ; οὐ μή,
see note, 1039.

ov, adv., where.

οὖδας, -eos, n., the ground.

οὐ-δέ, and not, nor yet, not
even.

οὐδ-είς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν, NO One,

οὐδέ- ποτε, never.

οὐδέ-πω, not yet.

οὐκ-έτι, no longer.

οὐκ-οῦν, therefore.

οὔκ-ουν, not therefore; used
in asking question, 251.

otpot = οἱ ἐμοί (crasis).

οὗμός -- ἐμύς (cra sis).

οὖν, so, then, therefore.

οὕνεκα, for the sake of, follow-
ing its gen.

οὗ-περ, where.

οὔ-ποτε, never.

οὔ-πω, not yet.

ovpav-iSys, -ov, m., son of
heaven; ρῖ., the gods.

οὐράνιος, -a, -ov, of heaven.

ovpetos, -a, -ov, on the
mountains.

οὐρί-θρεπτος, -7, -ov, moun-
tain bred.

οὔριος, -a, -ov, fair, favourable.

ov-te, and not, neither, nor ;
οὔτε... οὔτε, neither...nor.

οὔτι, not at all, 1039, note.

οὔ-τις, οὔτι, NO one, nothing.

οὔτοι, by no means.

οὗ-τοι, from οὗτος.

οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο, this; with
2nd pers. pron., expressed or
understood = ‘you there!’
‘ho there !’ 1127, 1280.

οὕτω, οὕτως, thus, so.

οὐχί -- οὐ.

ὀφείλω, -ἥσω, ἀὠφείλησα,
(ὥφελον), ὠφείληκα, -θην,
owe; with inf., be obliged

VOCABULARY

(to do), ought; imperf. and
aor., would that. See 395,
note.

ὀφλισκάνω,
ὥφληκα,
charge οὗ

ὄχλος, m., crowd, mob ; heap,
ΙΟΙ4.

ὄψις, -ews, f., vision.

ὄψομαι. See δὁράω.

ὀφλήσω, ὦφλον,
-μαι, incur the

πᾶ, Dor. for πῆ.

πάγ-χρυσος, -ov, all of gold.

maQ-. See πάσχω.

πάθος, n., suffering, woe, dis-
aster.

παῖς, παιδός, c., child, son or
daughter; servant (like our
‘boy’). In59 παῖδες = female
attendants of Hecuba.

maiw, strike, smite.

παλαιός, -ά, -dv, ancient, of old
time.

πάλιν, adv.,again; backagain;
π. καὶ πρόσω, backwards and
forwards.

Παλλάς, -ddes, f. Pallas,

epithet and synonym of |

᾿Αθάνα, tutelary goddess of
Athens [perhaps an old
word = Virgin].

πάλ-λευκος, -ov, quite white.

πάλλω, sway, brandish ; toss,
dandle.

παν-άθλιος, -a, -ov, all-forlorn.

πάν-δυρτος, -ov, all-plaintive.

παν-οῦργος, -ov, villain, wretch
(lit. up to any deed; mas,
ἔργον).

παν-τάλας (like τάλας), all-
wretched, all-forlorn.

πανταχοῦ, adv., everywhere.

παν-τλάμων, Dor. for παν-
τλήμων.

παν-τλήμων, -ον = παντάλας.

ΧΧΙΧ

παντοῖος, of all
kinds.

πάνυ, adv., altogether, quite.

παν-ὕστατος, -7, -ov, very last ;
adv., -tov, for the last time
all.

Tapa (mapa when after its case),
prep., (1) with gen., from the
side of ; (2) with acc., to the
side of; (3) with dat., at
the side of—thus with ace.,
to, 559; beyond, contrary
to, 680; with dat., with, in
the house of, 19; in the
presence of, among; with
gen., from, 615.

Tapa=mdpeott, is here, 34,
note.

παρα-βαίνω, pass by, escape.

Tap-aipew (aor. -εἴλον), take
away.

παρα-καλέω, -écw, call to one’s
side, call aside.

Tapa-oras. See παρ-ίστημι.

Tapa-oxes. See παρ-έχω.

παρά-φορος, -ov, erring, un-
steady (lit. borne on one
side’.

παρα-ψύὔχη, ΚΑ, refreshment,
comfort (lit. coolness ; Yuya,
cool).

πάρ-εδρος, -ov, seated near.

παρειά, f., cheek.

mTap-eiAov. See παρ-αιρέω.

πάρ-ειμι, be near, be present.

πάρεστι, it is possible. Part.
παρών, -ovca, -dv (τὸ παρόν,
my present estate, 997).
παρ-έχω (same tenses as ἔχων,
afford ; cause ; offer.
παρ-ηγορέω, advise, counsel.
παρηΐς, -ἰδος, f., cheek.
παρθένος, 7, maiden, virgin.

Πάρις, -50s,m. Paris, son of

Priam and Hecuba, whose

“a, τον,

ΧΧΧ EURIPIDES
rape of Helen caused the
Trojan war.

παρ-ίστημι (tenses like ἵστημι),
set near; in intransitive
tenses, stand by ; be at hand.
See Appendix, note C.

πάροιθε (-dev), adv., before ;
with article=adj., former.

πάρος, adv., formerly ; as prep.,
in front of, δωμάτων π.
παρ-ουσία, f., presence.

πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν, all, every ; in
429 πάντα (n, pl.), in every
way.

πάσσᾶλος, m., peg.

πάσχω, πείσομαι, πέπονθα,
ἔπαθον, suffer, experience ;
with adv., εὖ, οἰκτρὰ πάσχειν,
experience good or pitiable
treatment. Phrases, τί πάθω ;
614, what am I to do? τί
πάσχεις; What ails thee?
ἘΠ 37).

πατήρ, πατρός (acc, πατέρα),
m., father.

matpa, f., fatherland.

“πάτριος, -a, -ov, handed down

from one’s forefathers,
ancestral.

πατρίς, -idos, 7. adj., native.

πατρ-ῷος, -ov o7 -a, -ov, pater-
nal, ancestral, descending
from father to son.

πεδίον, n., plain.

πείθ-ω, persuade; mid., be
persuaded; obey (with dat.).

“«ειθώ, -ovs, f., persuasion.

πειρ-άομαι, make trial of (with
gen.).

πεῖσμα, -ἄτος, n., cable, esp.
stern-cable, 1080, note.

πελάγιος, -a, -ov, of the sea.

πέλαγος, ”., sea, esp. open
sea,

πελάζω, come near.

HECUBA

πέλας, adv., near; with gen.,
486.

πέλεκυς, m., axe.

πέμπω, send ; convey (πεμπο-
μέναν κώπᾳ, sped by the
oar) ; in mid., send for.

πένομαι, be poor, be in need.

πεντήκοντα, fifty.

πέπλος, m., robe, esp. of women;
but in 734, of the astern
garments of a man; ‘the
peplus,’ 466, note.

πέπρωται, it is fated; part.
πεπρωμένος, fated; ἡ πεπρω-
μένη, fate, destiny, 43, ποίο.

πέρ, particle adding emphasis
and exactness to the word to
which it is attached ; common
with relatives.

πέρα, beyond, exceeding ; with
gen, 114.

πέραω, -ἄσω, Pass, Cross.

πέρθω, sack, waste ; aor. part.
πέρσας.

περί, with acc. and dat., about,
around ; gen., about, con-
cerning.

πέριξ, adv., all around.

περι-πίπτω (tenses like πίπτω),
fall into, fall in with (with
dat.).

περι-πτύσσω,
velop.

περι-πτυχή, f., lit. something
enfolding ; fence.

περι-σσός, -ἤ, -όν, EXCeSSiVe;
adv., περισσά (τ. pl.), very,
exceedingly.

Περσεφόνη, /., Persephone,
daughter of Demeter.
queen of the lower world.

πέσημα, -dros, n., lit. falling,
victim, 699, note [πίπτω, cp.
cadaver |.

πέτρα; f., rock.

enfold, en-

VOCABULARY

πεύκινος, -7, -ov, of pine.

πῆ, Where or whither ?

Πηλείδης (patronymic), son of
Peleus = Achilles.

Πήλειος, -a, -ov, of Peleus. See
IQI, note.

Πηλεύς, -έως, m. Peleus of
Thessaly, father of Achilles.

πῆμα, -ἄτος, n., woe, suffer-
ing, trouble.

πημονή, f., suffering, trouble.

πήνη; f., thread ; in pl., web,
471.

πικρός, -ά, -ov, bitter, harsh,
cruel.

πίνω, πίομαι, ἔπιον, πέπωκα,
drink.

πίπτω, πεσοῦμαι, πέπτωκα,
ἔπεσον, fall, throw oneself ;
π. eis χεῖρας, fall into the
hands of.

πιστός, -7, -όν, faithful ; to be
trusted.

πίτνω, fall (poetical).

πλάθω (coliat. form of πελάζω),
draw near ; aor. pass. πλα-
θείς, 890.

mAGE, πλακός, f., level place,
plain.

πλάτη, 2, oar [conn
πλατύς, broad].

πλεῖστος, -7, -ov, superl. of
πολύς.

πλέον, πλέων, comp. of πολύς.

πλευρά (πλευρόν), f. (n.), rib,
side.

πλέω, πλεύσομαι and πλευσοῦ-
μαι, ἔπλευσα, sail.

πλῆθος, -ovs, ἡ... multitude,
crowd.

πλήν, adv., save, except.

πλήρης; -€s, full.

πληρ-όω, fill, fulfil ;
plete, heap up.

πλησίον, near. See 996, note,

with

com-

ΧΧΧΙῚ

πλόκαμος, m., lock of hair,
tress.

πλοῦς (contra. from πλόος), m.,
sailing, voyage [πλέω, sail].

πλούσιος, -a, -ov, rich.

πνεῦμα, -dros, n., breath.

πνοή, ἢ, breeze, wind.

πόθεν, adv., whence ?

ποθέν, adv. enclitic, from some
quarter.

ποθέω, desire, long for.

mot, adv., whither? with gen.,
esp. in phrase ποῖ γῆς ; some-
times nearly = ποῦ, €.g. 419.

tro.,adv. enclitic,ssome whither ;
like ποῖ, found with gen.,
1285.

ποιέω, make, do, perform. In
mid., consider, regard, ac-
count.

ποικίλλω, embroider (lit.
work in various patterns)
[ποικίλος].

ποικιλό-φρων, -ον, adj., ver-
58 {116 ; generally in bad sense,
shifty, crafty.

ποῖος, -a, -ov, adj., of what
sort, what? (almost = τίς,
160).

πολέμιος, -a, -ov, adj., hostile ;

as subst., enemy. Superl.
πολεμιώτατος, 848 (stricily
public enemy, opp. to
ἐχθρός).

πολιός, -dv or -d, -dv, grey,
hoary.

πόλις, -ews (-e0s), 5, city,
town, state.

toAitns, -ov, m., citizen.

ToAA-akts, adv., many times,
often.

πολυ-δάκρυτος, -or,
weeping, tearful.

Πολύδωρος, Polydorus,young-
est son of Priam and

much-

XXXli

Hecuba: murdered by
Polymestor.

Πολυμήστωρ, -opos, m, a
Thracian king, guardian
andsubsequentlymurderer
of Polydorus.

πολύ-μοχθος, -ov, full of
labour, full of sorrow.

Πολυξένη (or -ξείνη), Poly-
xena, daughter of Priam
and Hecuba, sacrificed to
the shade of Achilles.

πολύ-πονος, -ov, full of suffer-
ing, full-of toil. Szperl.
-πονώτατος.

πολύς, πολλή, πολύ, adj..many,
much ; οἱ πολλοί, the mob;
ai π. πόλεις, most cities.
Adv. forms, πολύ, πολλά.
Comp. πλείων (πλέων), More
(adv. πλέον); superl. πλεῖσ-
Tos, most.

πολύ-χρυσος, -ov, adj., with
much gold, rich.

πόμπϊἴμος, -ον (lit. sending, and
so) favourable[méumw,send 1.

TOLTOS, m., Messenger.

πονέω, Work (with cognate acc.
πόνον, 779).

πονηρός, -ά, -dv, troublesome ;
bad, worthless, evil.

πόνος, 7., labour, suffering,
evil.

ποντιάς, -ἀδος, f. ad)j.,of thesea.

πόντιος, -ov or -a, -ov, of the
sea; ἀφῆκε πόντιον, flung
into the sea, 797.

ποντο-πόρος, -ov, sea-faring.
πόντος, M., Sea.

πορ-εύω, 118 ΚΘ to go or pass ;
in pass., 50, Move.

πορθμός, m., ferry ; strait.

πόρπη, 7, buckle pin (of a
brooch).

moots, m., husband.

EURIPIDES :

HECUBA

πότε, interrog., at what time?
when?

tote, enclitic particle, at some
time, ever; formerly, once;
often in questions prithee (ep.
tandem).

πότερα, interrog. adv., Whether.

πότερος, -a, -ov, Whetber of
two.

πότμος, m., fate, destiny.

πότνια, f. adj., revered.

ποῦ, Where? in what way ?

που, enclitic, anywhere ; per-
haps; ἢ που, I suppose,
775:

ποῦς, ποδός, dat. pl. ποσί, m.,
foot; (of a ship) sheet,
940 (see note).

πρᾶγμα, -ἅτος, Ἴ,.,
business, act, deed.

πράσσω, πράξω, do, commit ;
fare (with qualifying adv., as
κακῶς, 56; καλῶς, 820).

πρέπω, Esp. as impers. πρέπει,
it is seemly, right.

πρέσβυς, -ews, m., old man,
162,

πρεσβῦτις, -i50s, 7.,old woman.

πρεσβύτης, -ov, m., Old man.

πρευμενής, -ές, adj., gentle,
kind ; favourable.

Πριαμίδης, -ov, m., son or
descendant of Priam (patro-
nymic).

IIpiapos, m., Priam, aged king
of Troy, husband of Heeuba.

πρίν, conj., before that, ere ;
usually with inf.; with the
ind. when the action is in
the past. As adv. with article
=adj., former. See 623,
φρονήματος τοῦ πρίν.

πρό, prep. (with gen.), before,
of time or place.

προ-βάλλω (tenses like βάλλω),

matter,

VOCABULARY

put forward (as «a plea),
825.

προ-θυμέομαι, desire, be anx-
ious,

πρό-θυμος, -ov, adj.,
desirous.

προ-κόπτω, advance (Jif. cut
down before, as a pioneer).

προ-λείπω, leave; swoon,
438.

προ-μηθία, Δ, forethought;
consideration, 795, note.

πρό-νοια, f., forethought.

προ-πετής, -€s, adj., fallen in
front of.

πρός, prep. with acc., to, to-
wards, 7. οἶκον, 7. ovdas,
π. τὸ δεινόν ; adv., π. βίαν,
by force; with gen., from,
at the hands of ; (of oaths)
π. θεῶν, by the gods; with
dat., at, near; in addition
to.

προσ-αρκέω, -έσω, help.

προσ-βάλλω (tenseslikeBadAw),
lay by the side of.

προσ-βλέπω, look at.

πρόσ-ειμι, -έσομαι, be added
to, be on, be near.

προσ-εἶπον, strong aor. (of root
énw), speak to, address.

πρόσθε (-Gev), adv., before,
formerly, once; és πρόσθεν
κακῶν, see 961, note.

προσ-θιγγάνω, -θίξομαι, -έθι-
γον, touch.

προσ-ίζω, sit near (as suppli-
ant).

eager,

mpoo-Adfupat, grasp, take
hold of (with gen.).
προσ-οιστέος, -a, -ov, verbal
adj. from gépw, to be |
added.

προσ-οράω, -όψομαι, -εῖδον,
look at.

EUR. HECUBA

|
|
|

!
|

|

XXXili

προσ-πίπτω (tenses like πίπτω),
fall at.

προσ-πίτνω = foreg., fall before
(as a suppliant).

προσ-τάσσω (tenseslike τάσσω),
assign.

προσ-τίθημι (fenses like τίθημι),
lit. put to ; thus impose on,
362; consign, 368; mid.,
bring on oneself (in addi-
tion), 742.

πρό-σφαγμα, -ἄτος, n., victim
[σφάζω).

πρόσ-φθεγμα, -ἄτος, ., word.

προσ-φιλής, -ἔς, adj., dear,
beloved.

πρόσ-φορος, -ov, adj., helpful,
serviceable.

πρόσω, adv., forward, 958;
with gen., πρόσω πατρός, far
from their father.

| πρόσωπον, 7., visage, face.

|

N

προ-τίθημι (tenses like τί-
O@nuc), put forward, 67; in
mid., lay out (of α corpse),
613.

πρότονοι, m., halyards [τείνω].

πρό-φασις, -ews, f., pretext
[φημί].

πρύμνα, f., stern (of a ship).

TpwTd-yovos,-ov, first-created.

πρῶτος, -7, -ov, first, pre-
eminent ;adv. forms, πρῶτον,
τὸ πρῶτον.

πτόλις, -tos, f., city (Ξε πόλι).

πτόρθος, m., young branch,
shoot, sapling.

SE erouch ; with acc. of
person, cower before.

πύλη, Δ, gate.

πῦρ, πυρός, 7., fire.

πυρά, -as, fr, pyre.

πύργος, m., tower, wall.

πυρ-σός, -7, τόν, fiery-red.

tw, enclitic, as yet.

XXXIV

πῶλος, m. and f., colt, foal ;

young girl, 144.
πῶμα, -dros, », draught
πίνω].

πῶς, adv., how? for πῶς δοκεῖς ;
see note, 1160.
πως, enclitic adv., somehow.

padios, -a, -ov, easy.

pew, ῥεύσομαι, ἐρρύηκα, flow.

ῥήγνυμι, ῥήξω, tear, rend
asunder.

ῥήτωρ, -opos, m., orator,
speaker.

ῥίπτω, throw, toss.

pvOpilw,setin order; in mid.,
924, arrange (of hair).

σαθρός, -ά, -dv, rotten ; cor-
rupt.

σαίρω, sweep.

σάλος, ™., swell (of the sea).

σάρξ, σαρκός, Sf; flesh.

σᾶς, Dor. for σῆς. See σός.

σαυτοῦ, -τῷ. See σεαυτοῦ.

σαφής, -és, adj., clear, mani-
fest.

σεαυτοῦ, -τῆς, reflexive pron.,
thyself.

σέβω, worship, reverence.

σέθεν, gen. of σύ (poetical).

Σείριος (i.e. ἀστήρ), m., Sirius,
the dog-star.

σεμνός, -7), -όν, adj., reverend.

σεύω, hurry ; in pass., hasten.

σῆμα, -ἄτος, 11.; tomb, monu-
ment ; οὐ, κυνὸς σῆμα see
note, 1265.

σημαίνω, show by a sign,
indicate, show, announce,
declare.

σημεῖον, n., sign.

σθένω, am strong, have force ;
οὐ ταὐτὸν σ., has not the
same force, 295 ; Τοὺς κάτω

EURIPIDES :

HECUBA

σθένοντας, the powers be-
low, 49.

σῖγα, adv., silently, in silence.

σιγάω, be silent.

σιγή, f., silence.

σιδήρεος, -a, -ov, of iron.

σίδηρος, m., iron; a sword,
567.

Σιμουντίς, -i50s, adj., of the
Simois, a rivulet in the
Troad, hence Trojan.

σιτο-πο:ός, -ὖν, adj., bread-
making; σ. ἀνάγκη, task
of making bread,

σιωπάω, be quiet, silent.

σκηνή, ἢ, tent.

σκήνωμα, -ἄτος, 71.» tent, en-
campment.

σκίδναμαι, be shed ; pres. pass.
of σκίδνημι = σκεδάννυμι.

σκίπων, -wvos, m., stick, staff.

σκίρτημα, -ἄτος, v., bounding,
struggling.

σκολιός, -d, -dv, adj., crooked,
bent.

σκοπιά, f., watch-tower.

σκότιος -a, -ov, dark

oKoTos, m., darkness.

σκῦλον, n., spoils (in pl.),
1014.

σκύμνος, m. and f., cab,whelp.

σμικρός, -77, -dv (μικρός), adj.,
small ; in 318 σμικρά, but a
little.

σός, σή, σόν, possessive pron.,
thine.

σόφισμα, -ἄτος, 1., device,
trick.

σοφός, -7, -ov, adj., wise,
clever.

σοφῶς, adv., wisely, cleverly.

σπανίζω, lack, need (with
gen.).

σπάνις, -εως, fi, deficiency,
lack.

=2

VOCABULARY

σπαραγμός, Ma, rending.

σπάω, -dow, ἔσπακα, aor. pass.
ἐσπάσθην tear away, wrench
away.

omeipw, sow, cultivate, i.e.
dwell in (cp. Lat. colo).

σπέρμα, -ἄτος, n., seed ; chil-
dren, race, 254.

σπεύδω, hasten; set forward ;
strive for, 1175; make
haste.

σπορά, f., race ; θῆλυς σπορά,
659, race of women.

σπουδάζω, be zealous, eager,
hasten, 817.

σπουδή, f., hot haste; or.
ἔχειν = σπουδάζεσθαι, 673 ;
contention, 132.

σταλαγμός, m., drop.

στάς, 2 aor. part. of ἵστημι.

στάχυς, -vos, m., ear of
corn.

στέγη, f. (lit. covered place), in
pl. tent, cavern.

στείχω, Move, go, advance,
walk.

στέλλω, v.a., make ready ;
gather up (robe), 1081 (note);
in mid., set sail, start (onan
expedition), depart.

στεναγμός, m., groaning,
lament.

στένω, groan, lament.

στέργω, love (esp. of the mutual
love of parents and children),
am content, 789.

στερίσκω (piss. στέρομαι, στε-
ρίσκομαι), deprive. (Tenses
formed as if from στερέω,
but pass. aor. στερηθῆναι,
338, στερέντες, 623, both
occur.

στέρνον, n., breast.

στεροπή (-ά Dor.), f., light-
ning, lightning flash.

XXXV

στερρός, -όν or -ά, -dv, ady.,
fixed, hard, stern.

στεφάνη (-a Dor.), ἢ, crown,
diadem (of towers).

στέφανος, m., crown,
prize.

στεφανόω, crown, honour.

στόλισμα, -ἄτος, n., garment,
or armament, equipment
(see note on 1156).

στόλος, m., expedition.

στόμα, -ἄτος, n., mouth.

στράτευμα, -ἄτος, Ἠ., army,
host.

στρατιά, f., army.

στρατός, m., army, host.

στρέφω, turn; revolve (in
mind), 750.

σύ, pron., 2nd pers., thou.

ovy-yevys, -és, adj., kindred,
akin ; as subst., kinsman.

συγ-γνωστός, ty, adj., par-
donable.

chief

avy-yovos, -ov, adj., akin;
subst., f., sister, 441.
συγ-κλείω, συγκλήσω, per.

pass, συγκέκλῃμαι, shut up,
enclose, wrap up.

συγ-χωρέω, agree, consent
(lit. come together).

συθείς, aor. part. pass. of σεύω.

συμ-βούλομαι, -βουλήσομαι,
agree in wishing.

σύμ- μαχοϑ, 7. , ally.

συμ-παίω, fut. -παιήσω, clash.

σύμ-πας (like mas), all to-
gether, all, the whole.

συμ-πίτνω or συμπίπτω, come
together, meet, 966 ; coin-
cide, 1030; happen, 846
(note).

συμ-πονέω, work with,
operate.

συμ-φονεύω. to kill at the
same time with.

co-

ΧΧΧΥῚ

συμ-φορά, f.,anevent,chance,
usually misfortune, disaster
[ouv-pépw |.

σύν (Evv), prep. with dat., with,
in co-operation with; σ.
ὕπλοις, clad in arms; σ.
δόλῳ, with guile, by treach-
ery.

συν-αρπάζω, aor. συνήρπᾶσα,
seize together.

συν-δουλεύω, be a slave with.

συν-δράω, -ἄσω, do with, co-
operate.

σύν-ειμι (tenses like εἰμί), be
with, share with.

συν-εξ-ἔρχομαι (tenses like
ἔρχομαι), come out with.

συν-έσται, 37d. sing. fut. of σύν-
εἰμι.

συν-θνήσκω (tenses like θνήσκων,
die with.

σύν-ισθι, imperat. of σύνοιδα.

σύν-οδος, 7., assembly, 109
[ὁδός, road ; Eng. synod}.

σύν-οιδα (tenses like oitda), Lit.
know with; so, be in the
secret with, connive at,
870 (note).

συν-οικίζω, help in colonizing
(aor. συνῴκισαλ.

συν-τείνω, tend (like tendo,
used intrans. ).

συν-τέμνω, curtail, cut short ;
συντεμών, in brief.

συν-τίθημι (tenses like τίθημι),
place together, include in
one.

συν-τυγχάνω (tenses like τυΎ-
xavw), meet with, fall in
with.

συν-τυχία, 7, chance, fate.

σφαγή, 7, slaughter, murder ;
deadly stroke, wound, 571,
1037.

σφάγιον, ”., victim.

EURIPIDES :

᾿ ταρβέω,

HECUBA
σφάξω, σφάξω, ἔσφαξα, aor.

pass. ἐσφᾶγην, slay,
slaughter.
σφακτός, -7, -dv, slaughtered.
σφε -- σφᾶς (poetical).
σφεῖς, pl. of οὗ.
σχεδία, /., raft, ship.
σχές, 2nd aor. imperat., of ἔχω.
σχέτλιος,Ἠ -a, -ov, adj.,
wretched, unhappy.
σχῆμα, -ἄτος, n.,form,fashion.
See 619, note.
σχολάζω, act leisurely, delay.
σῴζω, save, keep safe.
σῶμα, -dros, 7., body, person,
σῶς, σῶν, adj., safe,

τᾷ, Dor. for τῇ.

ταλαίπωρος, -ov, adj., wretch-
ed, ill-starred.

τάλας, -aiva, -αν,
wretched, unhappy.

Ταλθύβιος, Talthybius, a
Greek herald.

τάν -- τὰ ἐν (crasis).

ταπεινός, -7, -όν, adj., humble,
lowly.

Tapaypos, m., disturbance,
perplexity ; confusion.

τήσω, &e,
frightened, quail.

τάσσω (τάττω), order, ap-
point,

τάφος, m., tomb, burial.

τάχα, adv., soon, quickly ;
perhaps, possibly.

τάχος, -ovs, 11.) Speed; ὅσον
τάχος, with all speed.

ταχύς, -ela, -v, adj., swift;
comp. θάσσων, superl. τάχι-
στος ; superl. adv., τάχιστα,
with ws, as soon as possible.

τε, conj. (enclitic), and; Te...
τε, both... and.

τέγγω, τέγξω, Wet; bedew.

adj.y

be

VOCABULARY

τείνω, stretch; stretch out,
prolong ; design, intend.

τεῖχος, -ους, 2., Wall.

τέκμαρ, . (only in nom. and
acc.), mark, beacon.

τέκνον, 7., child.

τέκος, -ous, η., child.

TEKWV, -οῦσα, -ov, 2nd aor. part.
of TikTw ; as subst., parent.

τελευτάω, end, finish.

τέλος, -ovs,n.,end; διὰ τέλους,
for ever, 1193; ἐς τέλος,
817, to the utmost.

τέμνω, cut down, destroy ;
waste ; in mid., cut down
for oneself (aor. ἐταμόμην).

τετρά-πους, -ποδος, adj., four-
footed.

τεύξομαι, fut. of τυγχάνω.

τεῦχοϑ, -ous, 7., vessel, urn.

τέχνη (in pl.), f., art, device,
skill.

τῇδε, adv., in this way, thus.
See ὅδε.

τἡμῇ =TH ἐμῇ (crasis).

τητάομαι, be deprived of, be
without.

τίθημι, θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθεικα,
τέθειμαι, set, place; make;
in mid., place, dispose of ;
regard, account; lay up
for oneself, 1212, note.

τιθήνη, f., nurse.

τίκτω, τέξομαι, τέτοκα, ἔτεκον,
beget ; bear, bring forth.

τιμάω, honour, esteem.

τιμή, /., honour.

τίμιος,-α,-ον, adj., honourable.

τιμωρέω (with dat.), lit. help ;
80, avenge ; in mid., avenge
oneselfon, punish(wwith acc.).

τιμωρός, -dv, helping; as
subst. m., avenger.

Tits, Tl, Tivos, enclitic, some ;
some one, any one; τι

EUR. HECUBA N

XXXVil

(used as adverb), in some
measure, somewhat.

τίς, Ti (τίνος Tov, τίνι TO), in-
terrog., who, what? τί,
why?

Τιτάν, -avos, m. A Titan; the
Titans were giants who
rebelled against Zeus.

τλάμων, Dor. for τλήμων.

τλᾶτός, Dor. for τλητός.

τλάω, τλήσομαι, TETANKA, ἔτλην,
dare, venture, suffer.

τλήμων, -ovos, adj. ; original
sense, enduring, patient;
hence wretched, miserabie,
and in 562, brave.

τλητός, -7, -dv, verbal adj,
endurable.

τοι, enclitic particle, assuredly,
verily (esp. common in max-
ims or proverbial sayings).

τοῖος, -a, -ov, adj., such ; of
such a sort.

τοιόσδε, -άδε, -όνδε, adj., such ;
of such kind, esp. referring
to what follows.

τοιοῦτος, -αὐτη, -oUTO, adj.,
such, esp. referring to what
goes before; τοιαῦτα, even
so! 776.

τοῖχος, m., wall (of a house).

τοκάς, -ἄδος, f., mother.

TOKEUS, -€ws, 77., parent.

τόλμᾶ, -ns, f., boldness, rash-
ness ; rash deed.

τολμάω, venture, be bold;
endure, put up with.

τοξεύω, shoot ; aim at.

τόξον, n., bow; in pl., ar-
rows.

τόσος, -7), -ov, adj., 50 great, so
many, somuch.

τοσόσδε, -ἤδε, -όνδε, adj., 50
great; adr., τοσόνδε, so
greatly.

ΧΧΧΥΠΙ

τοσοῦτος, -αὐτὴη, -οὔτο, α().,
so much, so great.

τότε, aulv., then; τὴν τότε
χάριν, the boon which I
then granted you, 276.

τοὐμόν -- τὸ ἐμόν (crasis).

τοὔμπαλιν -- τὸ ἔμπαλιν (crasis).

τοὐνθένδε -- τὸ ἐνθένδε (crasis).

τράπεζα, f., table, board.

τρέπω, τρέψω, τέτροφψα,ἔτραπον,
turn ; mid., betake oneself.

τρέφω, θρέψω, ἔθρεψα, τέτροφα,
τέθραμμαι, ἐθρέφθην, nur-
ture, nourish, bring up.

τρέχω, Spapovpat, ἔδραμον, run.

τρίβω, rub ; 80, lay waste.

τρισσός, -7, -όν, adj., three-
fold ; three.

τριταῖος, -a, -ov, of the third
day ; 32, note.

Τροία, ἡ, Troy.

τρόπος, m., Way, method ;
habit of mind and disposi-
tion, character, 867, nofe.

τροφή, f., nurture, training.
ρῳάς, -άδος, adj., of Troy ;
fem. form, as subst., Trojan
woman.

Tpdes, -wv, m., Trojans.

Τρωιάς, ee jf, 3. Trojan.
woman.

Τρῳικός, -7, -όν, of Troy,
Trojan.
τυγχάνω, τεύξομαι, ἔτυχον,

light upon, meet with, ob-
tain, usually with gen., but
also with acc. ; τραπέζης, Share
my board, 793; succeed ;
(with part.) τυγχάνω ay,
happen to be ; τυγχάνει πε-
paca (665) ; τυγχάνω ἀπών
(963).

τύμβος, m., tomb.

Τυνδαρίς, -ίδος, f. (patronymic),
daughter of Tyndareus,

EURIPIDES:

HECUBA

king of Sparta (= Helen,
269, Clytemnestra, 1278).
TUpavvikos, -7, -ov, kingly,
royal.
τύραννος, m. and f., king,
monarch ; queen, princess.
τυφλός, -ή, -dv, adj., blind.
τυφλόω, make blind, blind.
τύφω, τέθυφα, -μμαι, smoulder,
smoke.
TUXn,f., fortune ; sometimes per-
sonified (usually bad fortune).
τῷ -- τίνι (448).

ὑβρίζω, insult, be insolent.

ὕδωρ, -ἄτος, ne, water.

vAn, 5 wood, timber.

ὑμεῖς, -as, -ῶν, -iv, pl. of σύ.

ὑπάρχω, lit. begin to be ; hence
be (stronger than εἰμί).

ὑπ-έγγυος, -ov, adj., lit. hav-
ing given a pledge (ἐγγύη
= pledge), thus responsible ;
τὸ ὑπέγγυον, responsibility,
liability.

ὑπ-εκ- πέμπω, send
secretly (aor. ὑπεξέπε

ὑπ-εξ- ἄγω, withdraw stealth-
ily.

ὑπέρ, prep. with acc., above,
beyond ; with gen., above;
on behalf of, for the sake of,

ὑπερ-θρῴσκω, -θοροῦμαι, -έθο-
pov, leap over.

ὑὕπερ- -“τέλλω, rise above.

ὑπερ-φέρω (tenses like φέρω),
excel,

ὑπ-έχω (tenses like ἔχω), under-
go; ὑπ. δίκην, undergo
punishment.

ὑπ-ηρετέω, serve, help, with
dat.

ὑπ-ηρέτης, του, m., servant,
minister (Jit, under-rower ;
ἐρέτης).

away

VOCABULARY

ὕπνος, 7., Sleep.

ὑπό, prep. with ace., gen. and
dat.; with acc., under (usually
with a verb implying ‘ motion
to’) ; τοὺς ὑπὸ γαῖαν, the gods
of the nether world; with
gen., from under, &. σκηνῆς;
from within the tent, 53 ;
so (665), δόμων ὕπο; with
pass. verbs, of agent, by, at
the hands of; under the
hands of, 1215; with dat.,
under. (ὑπό in comp., see 6,
812, notes.)

ὑπο-πέμπω, send beneath.

ὑπό-πτερος, -ον, adj., winged.

ὕπ-οπτος, -ov, adj., suspicious,
fearful of, with gen. (ὑπό, ὁπ-,
root of ὄψομαι ; lit. looking
at from under the brows.)

ὕστατος, -7, -ov, last.

ὑφέξω, fut. of ὑπέχω.

ὑψι-πέτης, -ες, adj., lofty.

daive, perf. pass. πέφασμαι,
aor. ἐφάνην, show ; mid. and
pass., be seen, show oneself,
appear.

φάμα, Dor. for φήμη.

φάντασμα, -ἄτος, n., shade,
ghost.

φάος (only in nom. and ace.
sing.), m., light, esp. the
light of life.

φάρμακον, 7., drug, poison.

φᾶρος, -ους, n., cloak ; robe.

φάσγανον, 7., sword.

φάσμα, -dros, n., phantom,
vision [φαίνω].

φέγγος, -ovs, n., light.
note, 32.)

φείδομαι, spare, desist.

φερτός, -7, -dv, verbal adj.,
bearable.

(
(See

XXX1X

φέρω, οἴσω, ἐνήνοχα, ἤνεγκα,
ἤνεγκον, bear, carry; bring,
fetch ; bear (as soil does) =
produce ; ἱρὰ φέρειν (804),
carry off, plunder; mid.,
Win (308, note); pass., be
carried on, rush, 1075.

φεῦ, interj., ah ! alas! woe!

φεύγω, φεύξομαι, ἔφυγον, πέ-
φευγα, flee away, fly from,
escape.

φήμη, /, rumour, report.

φημί, φήσω, ἔφην, say.

φθέγγομαι, speak aloud, utter.

φθείρω, destroy, spoil.

Poids, -ἄδος, f. adj., of Phthia
(in Thessaly).

φθίμενος. See φθίω.

φθίω, φεΐσω, ἔφθικα, ἔφθιμαι,
consume, destroy ; 2nd aor.
part., οἱ φθίμενοι, the dead.

P8oyyn, 7, voice, note.

φθόγγος, 72., voice, cry. _

φθονέω, grudge ; with gen. and
dat.

φθόνος, m., ill-will; envy. See
288, note.

φιλέω, love ; be wont.

φίλιος, -a, -ov, adj., friendly,
dear.

φίλ-ιππος, -ov, adj., horse-
loving.

φίλος, -7, -ov, adj., loving,
dear, beloved; as subst.,
friend ; 7., pl., φίλα, wel-
come news (comp. φίλτερος,
superl. φίλτατος).

φιλο-Ψψυχέω, bea coward (love
one’s life).

φιλό-ψυχος, -ov,adj., cowardly
(lit. life-loving).

φίλτρον, -ov, 7., charm, love-
charm.

φλόγεος, -a, -or,
flaring.

burning,

xl EURIPIDES

φλογμός, m., blaze.

φλόξ, φλογός, f., flame.

φοβερός, -a, -dv, adj., terrible.

φόβος, m., fear, alarm,

Φοιβάς, -ados, f., priestess of
Phoebus, prophetess.

φοῖνιξ, -ixos, m., palm-tree.

φοίνιος, -a, -ov, adj., blood-
stained,

φοινίσσω, redden, make red.

φονεύξ, -€ws, m., murderer.

φόνιος, -ov or -a, -ov, adj., mur-
derous, bloody.

φόνος, m., murder, death ;
blood.

φορέω, carry to and fro.

φράζω, say, declare ; in mid.,
observe, perceive (546,
note).

φρήν, φρενός, f., mind, heart.

φρίσσω, shiver, shudder.

φροίΐμιον, 7., prelude, open-
ing (contracted for προ-οίμιον,
like φροῦδος, infra, for πρό,
ὁδοῦ).

φρονέω, think; be minded
(with adv. or n. adj.).

φρόνημα, -aros, 7., thought ;
temper, spirit (whether noble
or the reverse).

φροντίζω, think, consider,
take care, take heed, 256,
note. :

φροντίς, -ίδος, f., thought,
care.

φροῦδος, -n, -ov, alj., gone,
departed, out of the way
(πρό, ὁδοῦ).

φρουρέω, guard,

Φρύξ, -ὕγός, m., Phrygian,
i.e. Trojan. Φρυγῶν πόλις
= Troy.

φυγάς, -άδος, c., a fugitive ;
φυγάδες ἔβησαν, they sped
in flight.

HECUBA

φυγή, Δ, flight.

φυλακή, /., guarding, watch,
guard.

φύλαξ, -axos,m., guard, keeper.

φύλλον, η., leaf.

φύρω, aor. ἔφυρσα and ἔφυρα,
mix together, confuse ;
hence defile, 496.

φύσις, -ews, f., nature, dis-
position, temper.

φύω (intrans. tenses, πέφυκα,
ἔφυν), produce, beget; in-
trans., be born, be.

φωνή, 2, Voice.

φῶς, φωτός, n., light.

φώς, φωτύς, 1).5) Man.

χαίρω, χαιρήσω, ἐχάρην, rejoice,
be glad ; sometimes with dat.,
rejoice at or in (1236). In
imperat. and inf. used for
imperat. = farewell. See
note, 426,

χᾶλᾷ, Dor. for χηλῇ.

χαλάω, -dow, loosen, slacken;
intrans., be indulgent to
(403), with dat.

χαλινωτήρια, -wy, ἢ.
cables (for mooring).

χαρακτήρ, -ῆρος, m., impress
or stamp (upon coins) [xa-
pacow=engrave]. See note,
379.

χάρις, -ἰτος, Κ, grace, favour,
kindness, gratitude, bene-
fit; χάριν, with gen., for sake
of ; χάριν ἐμήν, 874, for my
sake: πρὸς χάριν, to gain
favour (with dat.), 257.

χἀτέρων = καὶ ἑτέρων (crasis).

χείρ, χερός and χειρός, f., hand,
arm. See note, 1153.

Χερσονήσιος, -a, -ov, adj., of
the Chersonese.

pl.

VOCABULARY

Χερσό-νησος, Ἢ The (Thra-
cian) Chersonese, the pen-
insula in Europe opposite
Troy
island).

χηλή, /, hoof; claw.

χθόνιος, -a,-ov, adj., under the
earth, of the lower world.

χθών, χθονός, J., land, country.

Χιονώδης, -ες, adj. .y Showy.

Χλωρός, -a, -όν, fresh, new

᾿χλύη = young grass}.

xon, /, libation [yéw = pour].

χόλος, m., anger, wrath.

ewes, -ov, choral (lit.
making the dance or
chorus),

Χραίνω, defile, 366.

χράω, χρήσω, in act., declare ;
in mid., use, treat (with
dat.) ; κέχρημαι, with gen,
be in need of. See note,
1268.

χρεία, 7, need.

χρέος, -ovs,n.,need ; business;
for acc. used like χάριν, see
δὅ92, note.

χρεών (sc. ἐστί), it is meet, it
must be (properly a neut.
part. of xpq=that which is
needful, need, necessity).

Χρή, impers., ἐχρῆν or χρῆν
(η in contraction preserved
throughout), it must be, it is
right ; τὸ χρῆν, necessity,
260 (see note).

χρήζω, wish, desire.

Χρῆμα, -aros, n., matter ;
xX-, Why ? in pl., money,
wealth (1228),

Χρηστός, -7, -dv, adj., good,
kind ; (ofland) rich, fertile,
594; τὰ χρηστά, prosperity,
1227, cp. 1238 (lit. good
things).

(χερσό-νησος = land- |

΄
Te

E

|

xli

χρόνος, m., time.
χρῦσεος, a8 or -Ὦ, -ov, adj., .
golden.
χρῦσός, m., gold.
Xpuco-dans, -ές, adj., with
golden light.
χρυσο-φόρος, -ov,adj., wearing
gold,
Χρώς, χρωτός (xpos, Fc., esp.
in Eur.), m., flesh.
χὠ -- καὶ 6 (crasis).
χῶμα, -ἅτος, n., mound,
χώρα, 7, place ; region.
Xwpew, intrans., go; go or
come forth ; spread abroad;
depart.
χωρίζω, separate.
χωρίς, adv., apart ;
far from.

with gen.,

ψάμαθος, #, sand.

Wave, touch.

ψευδής, -ές, adj., false.

ψεύδω, deceive, cheat.

ψῆφος, 7, vote, sentence (lit.
pebble jor voting).

ψόγος, m., blame.

ψυχή, 7, soul; life.

ὦ, oh! with vocative, O.

ὧδε, adv., thus.

ὠδίς, -ivos, f., travail.

ὠθέω, ὥσω, ἔωσα, thrust away.

Spot, woe is me!

ὠμός, -7), -dv, ad). , fierce, cruel,
lit., raw).

ὦν, οὖσα, ὄν, part. of εἰμί.

ὠνέομαι, buy.

vig ee ig -ov, verbal adj.,
ought.

>

᾿Ωρίων, -wvos, m. Orion (4

short in Attic), name of a

mighty hunter who be-

came a constellation.
ὦρσα, aor. of ὄρνυμι.

xii EURIPIDES : HECUBA

ὡς, (1) adv., as ; with superl.,
ὡς τάχιστα, AS SOON AS pos-
sible; how, 56, 506; (2)
as conj. (a) final, in order
that, that; ὡς ἄν, 330, note;
(b) causal, since ; (6) after
verb of saying, that; (3)
special use with part. (esp.

Sut.) to imply intention or —

purpose. bi
ὡς = εἰς (with persons), to.
ὥς, thus. ἐπὶ:
ὥστε (1) adv. (as in Epic), —

just as, like, 179, 204; (2)
conj., 50 that, with inf. and —

Ξ
᾿

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